List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress
This is a list of Hispanic and Latino Americans who have served in the United States Congress . Persons included are identified as having a lineage from Spain or Latin America , a definition that includes Brazil , but not Portugal .
Entries shaded in gray refer to current members of the U.S. Congress.
Senate
Picture
Senator(lifespan)
Hispanic or Latino ancestry
Party
State
Term start
Term end
Notes
Dominique Bouligny (1773–1833)
Spanish
Democratic-Republican (1824–1828)
Louisiana
Nov 19, 1824
March 4, 1829
Retired
National Republican (1828–1829)
David Levy Yulee (1810–1886)
Spanish[1]
Democratic
Florida
July 1, 1845
March 4, 1851
Lost reelection
March 4, 1855
Jan 21, 1861
Resigned when Florida seceded from the Union
Judah P. Benjamin (1811–1884)
Spanish[2] [3]
Whig (1853–1856)
Louisiana
March 4, 1853
Feb 4, 1861
Resigned when Louisiana seceded from the Union
Democratic (1856–1861)
Octaviano Larrazolo [4] (1859–1930)
Mexican[5]
Republican
New Mexico
Dec 7, 1928
March 4, 1929
Retired
Dennis Chávez (1888–1962)
Mexican[6]
Democratic
New Mexico
May 11, 1935
Nov 18, 1962
Died in office
Joseph Montoya (1915–1978)
Mexican[7]
Democratic
New Mexico
Nov 4, 1964
Jan 3, 1977
Lost re-election
John E. Sununu (born 1964)
Salvadoran[8]
Republican
New Hampshire
Jan 3, 2003
Jan 3, 2009
Lost re-election
Mel Martínez [9] (born 1946)
Cuban[10]
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2005
Sep 9, 2009
Resigned
Ken Salazar (born 1955)
Mexican[11]
Democratic
Colorado
Jan 3, 2005
Jan 20, 2009
Resigned to become U.S. Secretary of the Interior
Bob Menendez (born 1954)
Cuban[12]
Democratic
New Jersey
Jan 17, 2006
Incumbent
Marco Rubio (born 1971)
Cuban[13]
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2011
Incumbent
Ted Cruz (born 1970)
Cuban[13] [14]
Republican
Texas
Jan 3, 2013
Incumbent
Catherine Cortez Masto [15] (born 1964)
Mexican[16]
Democratic
Nevada
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
Ben Ray Luján (born 1972)
Mexican[17]
Democratic
New Mexico
Jan 3, 2021
Incumbent
Alex Padilla (born 1973)
Mexican[18]
Democratic
California
Jan 20, 2021
Incumbent
Elected, but not seated
Picture
Senator-elect(lifespan)
Hispanic or Latino ancestry
Party
State
Year elected
Notes
Charles Gayarré (1805–1895)
Spanish
Democratic
Louisiana
1834
Prior to being seated, resigned due to ill health
House of Representatives
Picture
Representative(lifespan)
Hispanic or Latino ancestry
Party
State
Term start
Term end
Notes
Alcée la Branche (1806–1881)
Spanish
Democratic
Louisiana
March 4, 1843
March 4, 1845
Retired
John Edward Bouligny (1824–1864)
Spanish
American (Know-Nothing) (1859–1860)
Louisiana
March 4, 1859
March 4, 1861
Retired[19]
Constitutional Union (1860–1861)
Romualdo Pacheco [20] (1831–1899)
Mexican
Republican
California
March 4, 1877
Feb 7, 1878
Lost election contestation
March 4, 1879
March 4, 1883
Retired
Frank Coombs (1853–1934)
Mexican
Republican
California
March 4, 1901
March 4, 1903
Lost re-election
Albert Estopinal (1845–1919)
Spanish
Democratic
Louisiana
Nov 3, 1908
April 28, 1919
Died in office
Ladislas Lazaro (1872–1927)
Spanish
Democratic
Louisiana
March 4, 1913
March 30, 1927
Died in office
Benigno C. Hernández (1862–1954)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
March 4, 1915
March 4, 1917
Lost re-election
March 4, 1919
March 4, 1921
Retired
Néstor Montoya (1862–1923)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
March 4, 1921
Jan 13, 1923
Died in office
Dennis Chávez (1888–1962)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
March 4, 1931
Jan 3, 1935
Retired to run unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate from New Mexico [21]
Joachim O. Fernández (1896–1978)
Spanish
Democratic
Louisiana
March 4, 1931
Jan 3, 1941
Lost re-election
Antonio M. Fernández (1902–1956)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
Jan 3, 1943
Nov 7, 1956
Died in office
Joseph Montoya (1915–1978)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
April 9, 1957
Nov 3, 1964
Retired to run successfully for the U.S. Senate from New Mexico
Henry B. González (1916–2000)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Nov 4, 1961
Jan 3, 1999
Retired
Thomas Ponce Gill (1922–2009)
Cuban
Democratic
Hawaii
Jan 3, 1963
Jan 3, 1965
Retired to run unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate from Hawaii
Edward R. Roybal (1916–2005)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 1963
Jan 3, 1993
Retired
Kika de la Garza (1927–2017)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 1965
Jan 3, 1997
Retired
Manuel Lujan (1928–2019)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
Jan 3, 1969
Jan 3, 1989
Retired[22]
Herman Badillo (1929–2014)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
New York
Jan 3, 1971
Dec 31, 1977
Resigned to become Deputy Mayor of New York City
Charles Rangel (born 1930)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
New York
Jan 3, 1971
Jan 3, 2017
Retired
Robert Garcia (1933–2017)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
New York
Feb 21, 1978
Jan 7, 1990
Resigned[23]
Matthew Martínez (1929–2011)
Mexican
Democratic (1982–2000) .
California
July 13, 1982
Jan 3, 2001
Lost renomination as a Democrat and joined the Republican Party
Republican (2000–2001)
Solomon P. Ortiz (born 1937)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 1983
Jan 3, 2011
Lost re-election
Bill Richardson (1947–2023)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
Jan 3, 1983
Feb 13, 1997
Resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations [24]
Esteban E. Torres (1930–2022)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 1983
Jan 3, 1999
Retired
Barbara Vucanovich [25] (1921–2013)
Mexican
Republican
Nevada
Jan 3, 1983
Jan 3, 1997
Retired
Albert Bustamante (1935–2021)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 1985
Jan 3, 1993
Lost re-election[26]
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (born 1952)
Cuban
Republican
Florida
Aug 29, 1989
Jan 3, 2019
Retired
José E. Serrano (born 1943)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
New York
March 20, 1990
Jan 3, 2021
Retired
Ed Pastor (1943–2018)
Mexican
Democratic
Arizona
Oct 3, 1991
Jan 3, 2015
Retired
Xavier Becerra (born 1958)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 1993
Jan 24, 2017
Resigned to become Attorney General of California [27]
Henry Bonilla (born 1954)
Mexican
Republican
Texas
Jan 3, 1993
Jan 3, 2007
Lost re-election
Lincoln Díaz-Balart (born 1954)
Cuban
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 1993
Jan 3, 2011
Retired
Luis Gutiérrez (born 1953)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
Illinois
Jan 3, 1993
Jan 3, 2019
Retired
Bob Menendez (born 1954)
Cuban
Democratic
New Jersey
Jan 3, 1993
Jan 16, 2006
Resigned to accept appointment as U.S. Senator from New Jersey
Lucille Roybal-Allard (born 1941)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 1993
Jan 3, 2023
Retired
Frank Tejeda (1945–1997)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 1993
Jan 30, 1997
Died in office
Nydia Velázquez (born 1953)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
New York
Jan 3, 1993
Incumbent
Rubén Hinojosa (born 1940)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 1997
Jan 3, 2017
Retired
Silvestre Reyes (born 1944)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 1997
Jan 3, 2013
Lost renomination
Loretta Sánchez (born 1960)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 1997
Jan 3, 2017
Retired to run unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate from California
John E. Sununu (born 1964)
Salvadoran
Republican
New Hampshire
Jan 3, 1997
Jan 3, 2003
Retired to run successfully for the U.S. Senate from New Hampshire
Ciro Rodríguez (born 1946)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
April 12, 1997
Jan 3, 2005
Lost renomination
Jan 3, 2007
Jan 3, 2011
Lost re-election
Charlie González (born 1945)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 1999
Jan 3, 2013
Retired
Grace Napolitano (born 1936)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 1999
Incumbent
Joe Baca (born 1947)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Nov 16, 1999
Jan 3, 2013
Lost re-election
Hilda Solis (born 1957)
Mexican, Nicaraguan
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2001
Feb 24, 2009
Resigned to become U.S. Secretary of Labor
Mario Díaz-Balart (born 1961)
Cuban
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2003
Incumbent
Raúl Grijalva (born 1948)
Mexican
Democratic
Arizona
Jan 3, 2003
Incumbent
Linda Sánchez (born 1969)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2003
Incumbent
Henry Cuellar (born 1955)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 2005
Incumbent
John Salazar (born 1953)
Mexican
Democratic
Colorado
Jan 3, 2005
Jan 3, 2011
Lost re-election
Albio Sires (born 1951)
Cuban
Democratic
New Jersey
Nov 13, 2006
Jan 3, 2023
Retired
Ben Ray Luján (born 1972)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
Jan 3, 2009
Jan 3, 2021
Retired to run successfully for the U.S. Senate from New Mexico
John Garamendi (born 1945)
Spanish[28]
Democratic
California
Nov 5, 2009
Incumbent
Quico Canseco (born 1949)
Mexican
Republican
Texas
Jan 3, 2011
Jan 3, 2013
Lost re-election
Bill Flores (born 1954)
Spanish
Republican
Texas
Jan 3, 2011
Jan 3, 2021
Retired
Jaime Herrera Beutler (born 1978)
Mexican
Republican
Washington
Jan 3, 2011
Jan 3, 2023
Lost renomination
Raúl Labrador (born 1967)
Puerto Rican
Republican
Idaho
Jan 3, 2011
Jan 3, 2019
Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for Governor of Idaho
David Rivera (born 1965)
Cuban
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2011
Jan 3, 2013
Lost re-election
Tony Cárdenas (born 1963)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2013
Incumbent
Joaquin Castro (born 1974)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 2013
Incumbent
Pete Gallego (born 1961)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 2013
Jan 3, 2015
Lost re-election
Joe Garcia (born 1963)
Cuban
Democratic
Florida
Jan 3, 2013
Jan 3, 2015
Lost re-election
Michelle Lujan Grisham (born 1959)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
Jan 3, 2013
Dec 31, 2018
Resigned to become Governor of New Mexico
Gloria Negrete McLeod (born 1941)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2013
Jan 3, 2015
Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Board of Supervisors of San Bernardino County, California
Scott Perry (born 1962)
Colombian[29]
Republican
Pennsylvania
Jan 3, 2013
Incumbent
Raul Ruiz (born 1972)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2013
Incumbent
Juan Vargas (born 1961)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2013
Incumbent
Filemón Vela (born 1963)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 2013
Mar 31, 2022
Resigned
Pete Aguilar (born 1979)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2015
Incumbent
Carlos Curbelo (born 1980)
Cuban
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2015
Jan 3, 2019
Lost re-election
Ruben Gallego (born 1979)
Colombian, Mexican
Democratic
Arizona
Jan 3, 2015
Incumbent
Alex Mooney (born 1971)
Cuban
Republican
West Virginia
Jan 3, 2015
Incumbent
Norma Torres (born 1965)
Guatemalan
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2015
Incumbent
Nanette Barragán (born 1976)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
Salud Carbajal (born 1964)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
Lou Correa (born 1958)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
Adriano Espaillat (born 1954)
Dominican
Democratic
New York
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
Vicente Gonzalez (born 1967)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
Rubén Kihuen (born 1980)
Mexican
Democratic
Nevada
Jan 3, 2017
Jan 3, 2019
Retired
Brian Mast (born 1980)
Mexican
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
Darren Soto (born 1978)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
Florida
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
Jimmy Gomez (born 1974)
Mexican
Democratic
California
July 11, 2017
Incumbent
Gil Cisneros (born 1971)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2019
Jan 3, 2021
Lost re-election
Veronica Escobar (born 1969)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 2019
Incumbent
Chuy García (born 1956)
Mexican
Democratic
Illinois
Jan 3, 2019
Incumbent
Sylvia Garcia (born 1950)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 2019
Incumbent
Anthony Gonzalez (born 1984)
Cuban
Republican
Ohio
Jan 3, 2019
Jan 3, 2023
Retired
Mike Levin (born 1978)
Mexican
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2019
Incumbent
Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (born 1971)
Ecuadorian
Democratic
Florida
Jan 3, 2019
Jan 3, 2021
Lost re-election
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (born 1989)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
New York
Jan 3, 2019
Incumbent
Xochitl Torres Small (born 1984)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
Jan 3, 2019
Jan 3, 2021
Lost reelection
Mike Garcia (born 1976)
Mexican
Republican
California
May 19, 2020
Incumbent
Carlos Giménez (born 1954)
Cuban
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2021
Incumbent
Tony Gonzales (born 1980)
Mexican
Republican
Texas
Jan 3, 2021
Incumbent
Teresa Leger Fernandez (born 1959)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
Jan 3, 2021
Incumbent
Nicole Malliotakis (born 1980)
Cuban
Republican
New York
Jan 3, 2021
Incumbent
María Elvira Salazar (born 1961)
Cuban
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2021
Incumbent
Ritchie Torres (born 1988)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
New York
Jan 3, 2021
Incumbent
Mayra Flores (born 1986)
Mexican
Republican
Texas
Jun 21, 2022
Jan 3, 2023
Lost re-election
Yadira Caraveo (born 1980)
Mexican
Democratic
Colorado
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Greg Casar (born 1989)
Mexican
Democratic
Texas
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Lori Chavez-DeRemer (born 1968)
Mexican
Republican
Oregon
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Juan Ciscomani (born 1982)
Mexican
Republican
Arizona
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Mónica De La Cruz (born 1975)
Mexican
Republican
Texas
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Anthony D'Esposito (born 1980)
Puerto Rican
Republican
New York
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Maxwell Alejandro Frost (born 1997)
Cuban(by adoption at birth and upbringing) [30]
Democratic
Florida
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Robert Garcia (born 1977)
Peruvian
Democratic
California
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (born 1988)
Mexican
Democratic
Washington
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Anna Paulina Luna (born 1989)
Mexican
Republican
Florida
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Rob Menendez (born 1985)
Cuban
Democratic
New Jersey
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Delia Ramirez (born 1983)
Guatemalan
Democratic
Illinois
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Andrea Salinas (born 1969)
Mexican
Democratic
Oregon
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
George Santos (born 1988)
Brazilian
Republican
New York
Jan 3, 2023
Dec 1, 2023
Expelled by the House of Representatives
Gabe Vasquez (born 1984)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
Jan 3, 2023
Incumbent
Greg Lopez (born 1964)
Mexican
Republican
Colorado
Jul 8, 2024
Incumbent
House delegates (non-voting members)
(Note: Delegates are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)
Picture
Delegate[31] (lifespan)
Hispanic or Latino ancestry
Party
Territory
Term start
Term end
Notes
Joseph Marion Hernández (1788–1857)
Spanish
Democratic-Republican
Florida
Sep 30, 1822
March 4, 1823
Retired
David Levy Yulee (1810–1886)
Spanish
Democratic
Florida
March 4, 1841
March 3, 1845
Office eliminated when Territory of Florida was admitted to the Union as the State of Florida [32]
José Manuel Gallegos (1815–1875)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
March 4, 1853
July 23, 1856
Lost election contestation
March 4, 1871
March 4, 1873
Lost re-election
Miguel Antonio Otero (1829–1882)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
July 23, 1856
March 4, 1861
Retired
Francisco Perea (1830–1913)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
March 4, 1863
March 4, 1865
Lost re-election
José Francisco Chaves (1833–1904)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
March 4, 1865
March 4, 1867
Lost re-election
Feb 20, 1869
March 4, 1871
Lost re-election
Trinidad Romero (1835–1918)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
March 4, 1877
March 4, 1879
Retired
Mariano S. Otero (1844–1904)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
March 4, 1879
March 4, 1881
Retired
Tranquilino Luna (1849–1892)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
March 4, 1881
March 5, 1884
Lost election contestation
Francisco Antonio Manzanares (1843–1904)
Mexican
Democratic
New Mexico
March 5, 1884
March 4, 1885
Retired
Pedro Perea (1852–1906)
Mexican
Republican
New Mexico
March 4, 1899
March 4, 1901
Retired
Federico Degetau (1862–1914)
Puerto Rican
Republican
Puerto Rico
March 4, 1901
March 4, 1905
Retired
Tulio Larrínaga (1847–1917)
Puerto Rican
Unionist
Puerto Rico
March 4, 1905
March 4, 1911
Lost re-election
Benito Legarda (1853–1915)
Spanish
Federalist (Republican )
Philippine Islands
Nov 22, 1907
March 4, 1912
Retired
Manuel L. Quezón (1878–1944)
Spanish
Nacionalista
Philippine Islands
Nov 23, 1909
Oct 15, 1916
Retired[33]
Luis Muñoz-Rivera (1859–1916)
Puerto Rican
Unionist
Puerto Rico
March 4, 1911
Nov 15, 1916
Died in office
Félix Córdova-Dávila (1878–1938)
Puerto Rican
Unionist
Puerto Rico
August 7, 1917
April 11, 1932
Resigned to accept appointment as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
Isauro Gabaldón (1875–1942)
Spanish
Nacionalista
Philippine Islands
March 4, 1920
July 16, 1928
Resigned
José Lorenzo Pesquera (1882–1950)
Puerto Rican
Independent
Puerto Rico
April 15, 1932
March 4, 1933
Retired
Santiago Iglesias (1872–1939)
Spanish
Coalitionist
Puerto Rico
March 4, 1933
Dec 5, 1939
Died in office
Joaquín Miguel Elizalde (1896–1965)
Spanish
Nonpartisan
Philippines
Sep 29, 1938
August 9, 1944
Resigned
Bolívar Pagán (1897–1961)
Puerto Rican
Coalitionist
Puerto Rico
Dec 26, 1939
Jan 3, 1945
Lost re-election
Jesús T. Piñero (1897–1952)
Puerto Rican
Popular Democratic
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 1945
Sep 2, 1946
Resigned to accept appointment as Governor of Puerto Rico
Antonio Fernós-Isern (1895–1974)
Puerto Rican
Popular Democratic
Puerto Rico
Sep 11, 1946
Jan 3, 1965
Retired to run successfully for the Puerto Rico Senate
Santiago Polanco-Abreu (1920–1988)
Puerto Rican
Popular Democratic
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 1965
Jan 3, 1969
Lost re-election
Jorge Luis Córdova (1907–1994)
Puerto Rican
New Progressive
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 1969
Jan 3, 1973
Lost re-election
Jaime Benítez (1908–2001)
Puerto Rican
Popular Democratic
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 1973
Jan 3, 1977
Lost re-election
Ron de Lugo (1930–2020)
Puerto Rican
Democratic
Virgin Islands
Jan 3, 1973
Jan 3, 1979
Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor of the Virgin Islands
Jan 3, 1981
Jan 3, 1995
Retired
Baltasar Corrada del Río (1935–2018)
Puerto Rican
New Progressive
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 1977
Jan 3, 1985
Retired to run successfully for Mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico
Jaime Fuster (1941–2007)
Puerto Rican
Popular Democratic
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 1985
March 4, 1992
Resigned to accept appointment as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
Antonio Colorado (born 1939)
Puerto Rican
Popular Democratic
Puerto Rico
March 4, 1992
Jan 3, 1993
Lost re-election
Carlos Romero-Barceló [34] (1932–2021)
Puerto Rican
New Progressive
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 1993
Jan 3, 2001
Lost re-election
Aníbal Acevedo-Vilá (born 1962)
Puerto Rican
Popular Democratic
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 2001
Jan 3, 2005
Retired to run successfully for Governor of Puerto Rico
Luis Fortuño (born 1960)
Puerto Rican
New Progressive
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 2005
Jan 3, 2009
Retired to run successfully for Governor of Puerto Rico
Pedro Pierluisi (born 1959)
Puerto Rican
New Progressive
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 2009
Jan 3, 2017
Retired to run unsuccessfully for the nomination for Governor of Puerto Rico [35]
Jenniffer González (born 1976)
Puerto Rican
New Progressive
Puerto Rico
Jan 3, 2017
Incumbent
See also
References
^ Monaco, C.S. (2005). Moses Levy of Florida: Jewish Utopian and Antebellum Reformer . Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-3095-8 .
^ "Judah Benjamin: Pioneer Louisiana Jewish Lawyer, First Jewish U.S. Senator, & Secretary of State of the Confederacy" . Jewish Museum of the American West. Retrieved December 27, 2023 .
^ O'Donnell-Rosales, John (2006). Hispanic Confederates . Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-8063-5230-5 .
^ Larrazolo was the first Latino to serve in the U.S. Senate.
^ "Octaviano Larrazolo" . Library of Congress. Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ "New Mexico lawmaker proposes holiday to honor Cesar Chavez, Dennis Chavez" . NBC News. January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ "Joseph Manuel Montoya" . Library of Congress. Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ Lauter, David (August 27, 2012). "Sununu urges comprehensive action on immigration" . Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ Martinez previously served as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development .
^ "Mel Martinez on President's Cuba Speech, RNC Resignation" . NPR. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ Johnson, Kirk (June 11, 2006). "At Fore on Immigration, Senator Has a Story to Tell" . The New York Times . Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ Gambino, Lauren (July 8, 2014). "New Jersey senator Robert Menendez alleges Cuba behind sex allegations" . The Guardian . Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ a b Glenza, Jessica (November 27, 2016). "Cruz and Rubio condemn Castro as questions remain over Cuba-US ties" . The Guardian . Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ Edison Hayden, Michael; Mallin, Alexander; Blake, Paul (November 26, 2016). "Donald Trump, US Political Figures React to Fidel Castro's Death" . ABC News .
^ Cortez Masto is the first Latina to serve in the U.S. Senate.
^ Gamboa, Suzanne (January 3, 2017). " 'It's About Time': Catherine Cortez Masto, 1st Latina U.S. Senator Sworn In" . NBC News. Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ Bernal, Rafael (November 4, 2020). "Democrat Ben Ray Luján wins open Senate seat in New Mexico" . The Hill . Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ Kumar, Maria Teresa (December 28, 2020). "Padilla's California nomination helps heal America's historical omission of the Latino experience" . MSNBC. Retrieved January 19, 2021 .
^ Bouligny was the only congressman from Louisiana not to resign when the state seceded from the Union .
^ Pacheco was the first Latino to serve in Congress, and previously served as the first (and, to date, only) Hispanic Governor of the State of California .
^ Chávez later was appointed as United States Senator from New Mexico .
^ Lujan later served as United States Secretary of the Interior .
^ Garcia later was jailed due to the Wedtech scandal , but his conviction ultimately was reversed by an appellate court.
^ Richardson later served as United States Secretary of Energy and Governor of New Mexico .
^ Though Ileana Ros-Lehtinen is widely credited as the first Hispanic woman in Congress, Vucanovich's mother was of partial Mexican Hispanic heritage.
^ Bustamante later was jailed for bribery.
^ Becerra later served as United States Secretary of Health and Human Services .
^ Congressman Garamendi's paternal grandparents were Basque immigrants from Spain, and the House Press Gallery recognizes Garamendi as Hispanic. That being said, many Basques do not consider themselves to be ethnically Spanish, and Garamendi has stated that he does not consider himself to be "Hispanic."
^ "Long before embracing Trump's false election claims, Rep. Scott Perry promoted groundless theories" . Washington Post . ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved 2023-02-15 .
^ Frost was adopted at birth, and raised from birth, by a Cuban-American family. Reliable sources invariably describe Frost, and he describes himself, as Cuban. See, e.g. , Lai, Stephanie (December 6, 2022). "Maxwell Frost, First Gen Z Congressman, Gets His Bearings on Capitol Hill" . The New York Times . Retrieved January 22, 2024 . ("Representative-elect Maxwell Frost, a 25-year-old Afro-Cuban progressive activist from Orlando ...."); "Maxwell Frost: el primer congresista de Estados Unidos de la generación Z y negro de origen cubano" . CNN en Español . November 9, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2024 . ("También es el primer negro de origen cubano elegido para el Congreso."); Ruiz, Michelle (November 11, 2022). "Maxwell Alejandro Frost, Gen Z's First Congressman, Is Living His Abuela's 'Wildest Dream' " . Vogue . Retrieved January 22, 2024 . ("On Tuesday night, 25-year-old Maxwell Alejandro Frost made history as the first member of Gen Z—and the first Afro-Cuban—elected to the U.S. House of Representatives."); and "Meet Maxwell" . Frost for Congress . Retrieved January 22, 2024 . ("My family’s story begins in Cuba, with my grandmother Yeya. She and my mother came to Florida from Cuba during the Freedom Flights in the early 1960s with only a suitcase and no money."). Frost's biological parents invariably have been described by reliable sources as a Haitian man and a woman of Lebanese ancestry whose origin sometimes is given as Puerto Rican and other times as Argentine. See, e.g. , Bernal, Rafael. "Who is Maxwell Alejandro Frost, the 25-year-old Democratic House nominee?" . The Hill . Retrieved 18 January 2024 . ("His birth parents were a Lebanese Puerto Rican woman and a Haitian man."); and Dorsey, Xander (July 18, 2023). "Empowering Generation Z to Take Action" . Scholastic Kids Press . Retrieved January 22, 2024 . ("Frost was born to a mother of Lebanese and Argentine descent and a Haitian father.")
^ Delegates from Puerto Rico (since 1901) and from the Philippines (from 1907 to 1946) officially are known as Resident Commissioners.
^ Yulee later was elected as United States Senator from Florida .
^ Quezón later served as President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines .
^ Romero-Barceló previously served as Governor of Puerto Rico .
^ Pierluisi later served as Governor of Puerto Rico .
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