List of American heiresses
Catherine Murat, Princess Murat (née Catherine Daingerfield Willis)This is a non-exhaustive list of some American socialites , so called American dollar princesses , from before the Gilded Age to the end of the 20th century, who married into the European titled nobility, peerage, or royalty. The titles in this list are all mentioned or translated into English.
Before 1865
Elizabeth Barbé-Marbois , Marquise de Barbé-Marbois [1817][ 1] (née Elizabeth Moore ) on 17 June 1784[ 2]
Gertrude Buller, Lady Buller [1808] (née Gertrude Van Cortlandt ) on 15 May 1790[ 3]
Martha Hottinguer, Baroness Hottinguer [1810] (née Martha Eliza Redwood ) on 24 August 1793[ 4]
The Hon. Mrs Robert Kennedy (née Jane Macomb ) on 22 March 1794[ 5]
Doña Sarah McKean Armitage de Martínez de Irujo Tacón, Marquise de Casa Irujo [1803] (née Sarah McKean ) on 10 April 1798[ 6]
Ann Baring, Lady Baring [1810] and Baroness Ashburton [1835] (née Ann Louisa Bingham ) on 23 August 1798[ 7]
Maria Matilda, Marquise du Blaisel (née Maria Matilda Bingham) Maria de Tilly, Countess de Tilly (née Maria Matilda Bingham , younger sister of Ann Bingham) on 11 April 1799, later Maria du Blaisel, Marquise du Blaisel (previously Maria Baring ) on 17 April 1826[ 8]
Louisa Hervey-Bathurst, Lady Hervey-Bathurst [1818] (née Louisa Catherine Caton ) on 24 April 1817,[ 9] later Louisa D'Arcy-Osborne, Duchess of Leeds on 24 April 1828[ 10]
Eliza, Countess von Rumpff (née Eliza Astor ) on 25 October 1825[ 11] [ 12]
Marianne Wellesley, Marchioness Wellesley (née Marianne Caton , previously Patterson , elder sister of Louisa Caton) on 29 October 1825[ 13]
Catherine Murat, Princess Murat and Princess of Naples (née Catherine Daingerfield Willis, previously Gray) on 12 July 1826[ 14]
Jane Lampson, Lady Lampson (née Jane Walter Sibley ) in 1827[ 15]
Caroline Murat, Princess Murat and Princess of Pontecorvo (née Caroline Georgina Fraser) on 18 August 1831[ 16]
Baroness Camille de Varaigne (née Mary Jauncey Thorne ) on 28 March 1832[ 17] [ 18]
Elizabeth Stafford-Jerningham, Baroness Stafford (née Elizabeth Caton , younger sister of Marianne Caton) on 26 May 1836[ 19]
Baroness Paul Daniel Gonzalve Grand d'Hauteville (née Ellen Sears ) on 22 August 1837[ 20]
Jane de Pierres, Baroness de Pierres (née Jane Mary Thorne, sister of Mary Thorne) on 7 June 1842[ 21]
Adeline de La Valette, Marquise de La Valette (née Adeline Fowle, previously Welles) in 1842[ 22]
Countess Amédée d'Audebert de Férussac (née Alice Adele Thorne, younger sister of Mary and Jane Thorne) on 27 August 1845[ 23]
Countess Ferdinand de Lasteyrie (née Martha Washington Seabrook ) on 30 May 1846[ 24]
Countess Konstantin von Buxhoeveden (née Caroline McKnight) in 1847[ 15]
Mary Cunard, Lady Cunard (née Mary Bache McEvers ) in May 1849[ 25]
Mary Blanc, Baroness Blanc (née Mary Elizabeth Gebhard ) on 29 April 1852[ 26]
Sally Hay, Lady Hay (née Sarah "Sally " Duncan ) in August 1853[ 27]
Baroness Bernhard von Beust (née Sidonie Peters) in 1853[ 15]
Baroness August von Wächter -Lautenbach (née Josephine Lee, elder sister of Mary Esther Lee ) on 19 December 1855[ 28] [ 29]
Mary Dubois, Viscountess de Courval (née Mary Ray) on 2 July 1856[ 30] [ 31]
Baroness Ancelis de Vaugrigneuse (née Sarah Morris Stout) on 7 October 1857[ 17] [ 32]
Mary Fairfax, Lady Fairfax of Cameron (née Mary Brown Kirby) on 8 October 1857[ 15]
Emily de Ganay, Marquise de Ganay (née Emily Ridgway ) on 8 March 1858[ 33] [ 34] [ 17]
Baroness Theodorus van Limburg (née Isabella "Belle " Cass ) on 23 August 1858[ 35] [ 17]
Florence Eardley, Lady Eardley (née Emily Florence Magee) on 12 December 1859[ 36] [ 37]
Adele de Portes de Pardailhan, Marquise de Portes (née Adele Gordon Hutton) on 19 April 1860[ 38]
Baroness Ernst Bruno von Gersdorff (née Caroline Choate ) on 6 December 1860[ 39]
Countess Harald Theodor Karl Gregor Moltke-Hvitfeldt (née Anne "Annie " Hutton) in 1860[ 15]
Countess Paul de Cadoine de Gabriac (née Florence Phalen) on 23 May 1861[ 40] [ 17] [ 41]
Eliza Gavotti Verospi, Marquise Gavotti Verospi (née Eliza "Lizzie " Davis, younger sister of Mathilde "Tilly " Davis) on 10 October 1861[ 42]
Princess Felix of Salm-Salm (née Agnes Elisabeth Winona Leclerc Joy ) on 30 August 1862[ 43]
Countess Paul von Hatzfeldt zu Wildenburg (née Helene Moulton) on 4 November 1863[ 15] [ 44]
Helen Scarlett, Baroness Abinger (née Helen Magruder ) on 23 December 1863[ 45]
Matilda Burnett, Lady Burnett (née Matilda Josephine Murphy) on 23 May 1864[ 46]
Mathilde d'Erlanger, Baroness d'Erlanger (née Marguerite Mathilde Slidell ) on 3 October 1864[ 47]
Princess Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Princess of Noer (née Mary Esther Lee ) on 3 November 1864, later Countess Alfred von Waldersee on 14 April 1874[ 48]
Countess Carl Gustaf von Rosen (née Ella Carlton Moore ) on 10 November 1864[ 49]
From 1865 to 1965
After the beginning of the Reconstruction Era and the Gilded Age (at the end of the American Civil War on 9 May 1865):
The Hon. Mrs Ralph Harbord (née Elizabeth Pole Schenley ) on 5 September 1865[ 50]
Mary Virginia de Giverville, Countess of Giverville (née Mary Virginia Kingsbury) on 26 October 1865[ 17]
Countess Charles-Aimery de Narbonne-Lara (née Catherine "Kate" Phalen) on 11 January 1866[ 40] [ 41]
Mathilde Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, Duchess di Bomarzo and Princess di Belmonte (née Mathilde "Tilly" Davis) on 28 April 1866[ 51]
Elizabeth de Talleyrand-Périgord, Marquise de Talleyrand (née Elizabeth "Bessie" Beers-Curtis) on 18 March 1867[ 52]
Anna Perrelli Tomacelli Filomarino, Princess di Boiano and Duchess di Monasterace (née Nina "Anna " Christina Haight) on 30 April 1868[ 17] [ 53] [ 54]
Melissa Reade, Lady Reade (née Melissa Ray) on 4 June 1868[ 36] [ 55]
Elise, Countess of Edla (née Elise "Elisa" Friedericke Hensler) on 10 June 1869[ 56]
Mary Elizabeth Brancaccio , Princess Brancaccio, Princess di Triggiano and Duchess di Lustra (née Mary Elizabeth Hickson Field) on 3 March 1870[ 15] [ 57]
Romaine, Baroness von Overbeck (née Romaine Madeleine Vinton Goddard) on 16 March 1870[ 58] [ 59]
Countess Maximilian Ernst Maria Esterházy zu Galántha und Forchtenstein (née Sarah Virginia Carroll, previously Griffin) on 6 June 1870[ 15]
Eleanor Cenci , Princess di Vicovaro (née Eleanor Spencer ) on 25 June 1870[ 15]
Princess Alexander zu Lynar (née May Amelia Parsons) on 10 May 1871[ 60]
Countess Alfons de Diesbach (née Meta McCall) on 19 September 1871[ 15]
Juliet Carington, Lady Carington (née Juliet Warden) on 23 September 1871[ 61]
The Hon. Mrs Henry Wodehouse on 25 June 1872,[ 62] then Mary Paget, Marchioness of Anglesey and Countess of Uxbridge on 26 June 1880 (née Mary "Minna" Livingstone King )[ 62]
Marie de Grasse Evans, Lady Evans (née Marie de Grasse Stevens, previously Van Wart) on 31 July 1872[ 63] [ 64]
Constance Gianotti, Countess Gianotti (née Constance Elizabeth Kinney) on 21 August 1872[ 65]
Marie Rosine de Serre, Countess de Saint-Roman (née Marie Rosine Slidell ) on 30 September 1872[ 66]
Countess Hans Lothar von Schweinitz (née Anna Jay ) on 18 October 1872[ 15]
Baroness Frédéric Grand d'Hauteville (née Susan Watts Macomb ) in 1872[ 67]
Baroness Adolph von Roques (née Caroline Holbrook, previously Du Barry) in 1872[ 68]
Augusta Pellew, Viscountess Exmouth (née Augusta Jay ) on 14 May 1873[ 69]
Nora Blanc de Lanautte, Viscountess d'Hauterive (née Nora Davis , younger sister of Mathilde and Eliza Davis) on 15 October 1873[ 70]
Lady Randolph Spencer-Churchill (née Jennie Jerome, aka the first American dollar princess [ 71] ) on 15 April 1874[ 72]
Eliza Graham, Lady Graham of Esk (née Elizabeth "Eliza" Jane Burns) on 1 August 1874[ 64]
Baroness Carl Nils Daniel de Bildt (née Lilian Augusta "Angelika" Stuart Moore ) on 30 September 1874[ 73] [ 49]
Mary Elizabeth de Choiseul-Praslin, Duchess de Praslin (née Mary Elizabeth "Nellie" Forbes ) on 17 December 1874[ 74]
Marquise Simone Peruzzi de' Medici (née Edith Marion Story ) on 9 February 1875[ 75] [ 76]
Alice Chapelle de Jumilhac , Duchess de Richelieu on 27 February 1875, then The Princess of Monaco on 30 October 1889 (née Alice Heine)[ 77]
Sarita Le Peletier, Countess d'Aunay (née Sarita Kimball Berdan ) on 3 March 1875[ 78]
Margaret, Lady de Stuers on 20 April 1875,[ 79] then Countess Eliot Zborowski , Countess de Montsaulnin [ 80] [ Note 1] on 7 March 1892 (née Margaret Laura Astor Carey)[ 79]
Jane Molesworth, Lady Molesworth (née Jane Graham Frost ) on 3 June 1875[ 81]
Consuelo Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (née María Francisca de la Consolación "Consuelo" Yznaga)Consuelo Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (née María Francisca de la Consolación "Consuelo" Yznaga) on 22 May 1876[ 82]
Elizabeth Harcourt, Lady Harcourt (née Elizabeth Cabot Motley , previously Ives ) on 2 December 1876[ 83]
Countess Eberhard von Linden (née Isabella Andrews) on 2 December 1876[ 84]
The Hon. Mrs Thomas George Grosvenor (née Sophia Williams ) on 24 April 1877[ 85]
Marquise Manfredi Lanza di Mercato Bianco (née Clara Hammond, aka Clara Lanza ) on 10 May 1877[ 86]
Countess Goffredo Guglielmo Galli (née Clara Roberts) on 9 June 1877[ 87]
Caroline Caldeira Leitão Pinto de Albuquerque, Countess da Borralha (née Caroline Hildegarde Orne) on 12 September 1877[ 88]
Antoinette Charette de La Contrie, Baroness de Charette (née Antoinette Van Leer Polk ) on 1 December 1877[ 89]
Mary Paget, Lady Paget (née Mary "Minnie" Fiske Stevens) on 27 July 1878[ 90]
Edith Playfair, Baroness Playfair [1892] (née Edith Russell) on 3 October 1878[ 83] [ 91]
The Hon. Mrs Octavius Henry Lambart (née Hannah Sarah Howard) on 15 October 1878[ 92]
Isabella Eugénie Reubsaet, Duchess di Camposelice [1881] (née Isabella Eugénie Boyer, previously Singer ) on 8 January 1879[ 93]
Ada Telfener, Countess Telfener (née Ada Hungerford) on 15 March 1879[ 94]
Mary Cary, Viscountess Falkland (née Mary Reade) on 25 September 1879[ 95]
Katharine Norton, Baroness Grantley (née Katharine Buckner McVickar, previously Norton) on 5 November 1879[ 15]
Laura d'Avenel, Viscountess d'Avenel (née Laura Jane Delancey Meinell) in April 1880[ 96]
Ellen Magawly Cerati, Countess Magawly di Calry (née Ellen Falkenburg Abbott) on 12 August 1880[ 15]
Frances Roche, the Hon. Mrs James Roche (née Frances Ellen Work)The Hon. Mrs James Roche (née Frances Ellen Work) on 22 September 1880[ 97]
Maria Anna Lobo da Silveira, Marquise de Alvito and Countess de Oriola (née Maria Anna Christ, previously Berna) on 18 December 1880[ 15]
Florence Fermor-Hesketh, Lady Fermor-Hesketh (née Florence Emily Sharon ) on 22 December 1880[ 98]
Natica Lister-Kaye, Lady Lister-Kaye (née María de la Natividad "Natica" Yznaga ) on 5 December 1881[ 99]
Kate Perceval, Countess of Egmont (née Kate Howell ) in 1881[ 92] [ 36]
Medora Manca-Amat de Vallombrosa , Marquise de Morès et de Montemaggiore (née Medora Marie von Hoffmann) on 15 February 1882[ 100]
Margaret Waterlow, Lady Waterlow (née Margaret Hamilton) on 28 March 1882[ 101]
Baroness Edmund Wucherer von Huldenfeld (née Margaret Plater Price) on 20 July 1882[ 102]
Baroness Gábor Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva (née Mathilde Louise Price) on 16 May 1883[ 103]
The Hon. Mrs Hugh Oliver Northcote (née Edith Fish ) on 6 June 1883[ 81]
Anita Wolseley, Lady Wolseley (née Anita Theresa Murphy) on 17 July 1883[ 92]
Julia Paget, Lady Paget (née Julia Norrie Moke) on 19 July 1883[ 92]
Leonie Leslie, Lady Leslie (née Leonie Blanche Jerome ) on 2 October 1884[ 104]
The Hon. Mrs Charles Maule Ramsay (née Martha Estelle Garrison ) on 28 May 1885[ 105]
Josephine Ruspoli, Princess di Poggio Suasa (née Josephine Mary Beers-Curtis) on 18 June 1885[ 106]
Daisy Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baroness de Constant de Rebecque (née Margaret "Daisy" Sedgwick Berend) on 25 June 1885[ 107]
Frances Venables-Vernon, Baroness Vernon (née Frances Margaret Lawrance ) on 14 July 1885[ 108]
Tennessee Cook , Lady Cook and Viscountess de Monserrate (née Tennessee Celeste Claflin) on 15 October 1885[ 109]
Marquise Carlo Vetti Torrigiani (née Nancy McClellan Fry) in 1885[ 110]
Norma de Suarez d'Aulan, Marquise d'Aulan (née Norma Christmas) on 17 March 1886[ 111]
Baroness Louis de La Grange (née Anita Maria Carroll ) on 14 October 1886[ 112]
Countess Jean de Kergorlay (née Mary Louisa Carroll ) on 3 December 1886[ 112]
The Hon. Mrs Walter Yarde-Buller (née Leilah Kirkham , previously Blair) in 1886[ 113]
Adele de Talleyrand-Périgord , Duchess of Dino (née Adele Livingston Sampson , previously Stevens ) on 25 January 1887[ 114] [ 115]
Ellen Butler, Marchioness of Ormonde (née Ellen Sprague Stager ) on 8 March 1887[ 116]
Princess Louis de Scey-Montbéliard on 27 July 1887, then Princess Edmond de Polignac on 15 December 1893 (née Winnaretta Eugenie Singer)[ 117]
Countess Detalmo Savorgnan di Brazzà (née Cora Ann Slocomb) on 18 October 1887[ 15] [ 118]
Baroness Ludovic Moncheur (née Mary Daisy Holman) on 26 October 1887[ 119] [ 120]
Laura Haldane-Duncan, Countess of Camperdown (née Laura Dove, previously Blanchard) on 4 February 1888[ 121]
Marquise Paolo d'Adda Salvaterra on 7 February 1888,[ 74] then Countess Horace de Choiseul-Praslin on 25 May 1906 (née Mary Hooper)[ 74]
Isabelle-Blanche Decazes de Glücksbierg, Duchess Decazes and Duchess af Glücksbierg (née Isabelle Blanche Singer ) on 28 April 1888[ 122] [ 123]
Louisa Walpole, Countess of Orford (née Louisa Melissa Corbin) on 17 May 1888[ 124] [ 125]
Lily Spencer-Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough on 29 June 1888,[ 126] then Lady William Beresford on 30 April 1895 (née Jane Lilian "Lily" Warren Price , previously Hamersley )[ 127]
Leila Herbert, Lady Herbert (née Leila "Belle" Wilson ) on 27 November 1888[ 128]
Helen Duncan, Lady Duncan (née Helen Julia Pfizer) in 1888[ 129] [ 130]
Doña María Luisa La Farge Binsse de Saint-Victor de Ágreda May, Countess de Casa de Ágreda (née Marie Louise La Farge , previously Lorillard, aka Countess de Agreda) on 4 February 1889[ 131] [ 132]
Elizabeth Smith-Barry, Baroness Barrymore (née Elizabeth Wadsworth , previously Post) on 28 February 1889[ 133] [ 134]
Jeanie Naylor-Leyland, Lady Naylor-Leyland (née Jeanie Willson Chamberlain ) on 14 September 1889[ 135]
Princess Franz von Hatzfeldt zu Wildenburg (née Clara Elizabeth Prentice-Huntington ) on 28 October 1889[ 136]
Caroline Fitzmaurice, Baroness Fitzmaurice (née Caroline Fitzgerald ) on 23 November 1889[ 81]
Sarah, Baroness Halkett (née Sarah Maria Phelps Stokes ) on 11 February 1890[ 116]
Countess Maximilian Albrecht zu Pappenheim (née Mary Wister Wheeler) on 29 April 1890[ 137]
Josephine Boyle, Countess of Cork and Orrery (née Josephine Catherine Hale) on 30 April 1890[ 92]
Clara de Riquet, Princess de Caraman-Chimay (née Clara Ward) on 19 May 1890[ 138]
Baroness Moritz Curt von Zedtwitz (née Mary Elizabeth "Lina " Breckinridge Caldwell) in June 1890[ 139]
Countess Charles de Galliffet on 15 November 1890,[ 30] then Countess Maurice des Monstiers de Mérinville on 28 July 1914[ 140] (née Frances Stevens )
Helene Leigh, Baroness Leigh (née Frances Helene Forbes Beckwith) on 29 November 1890[ 141]
Princess Friedrich Wilhelm von Ardeck , Princess von Ardeck on 17 December 1890, then Baroness József Döry de Jobaháza on 4 February 1904 (née Anne Hollingsworth Price)[ 142]
Marcelite Le Tonnelier, Marquise de Breteuil (née Marcelite "Lita" Garner) on 3 March 1891[ 143]
Countess Hermann Alexander de Pourtalès (née Helen "Hélène" Barbey ) on 25 April 1891[ 144]
Florence Gordon-Cumming, Lady Gordon-Cumming (née Florence Garner) on 10 June 1891[ 145]
Mary Gough-Calthorpe , Baroness Calthorpe (née Mary Burrows) on 22 July 1891[ 146]
Baroness Maximilian von Berg (née Sallie Mae Price) on 22 October 1891[ 102]
Countess Micislas Orlowski (née Mabel Ledyard Stevens) on 28 December 1891[ 147]
Emma Seillière, Baroness Seillière (née Emma Riley, previously Livermore) on 22 April 1892[ 148]
Countess Johannes von Francken-Sierstorpff (née Mary Carpenter Knowlton) on 27 April 1892[ 149]
The Hon. Mrs Francis Anson (née Caroline Cleveland) on 15 June 1892[ 150]
Elizabeth Eaton, Baroness Cheylesmore (née Elizabeth Richardson French) on 14 July 1892[ 151]
Amy Home-Speirs, Lady Home (née Amy Eliza Green) on 30 August 1892[ 92]
Antoinette Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone, Lady Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone (née Antoinette Pinchot) on 21 December 1892[ 152]
Mary Caroline Grey-Egerton, Lady Grey-Egerton (née Mary Caroline "May" Campbell Cuyler) on 4 January 1893[ 153]
Cornelia Craven, Countess of Craven (née Cornelia Martin ) on 18 April 1893[ 154]
Flora Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava on 16 October 1893,[ 155] then Flora Curzon, Countess Howe [ 156] in December 1919 (née Florence "Flora" Hamilton Davis)
Adele Capell, Countess of Essex (née Adele Beach Grant) on 14 December 1893[ 157]
Countess Henri de Laugier-Villars (née Carola Silvie Livingston ) on 24 January 1894[ 158] [ 159]
Virginia Coventry, Viscountess Deerhurst (née Virginia Lee Daniel, aka Virginia Bonynge) on 10 March 1894[ 160]
Countess Georg Erdődy de Monyorókerék et Monoszló (née Julia Scott) on 30 April 1894[ 161]
Elizabeth Poniatowski, Princess Poniatowski, Princess di Monte Rotondo (née Elizabeth Helen Sperry) on 6 October 1894[ 162] [ 163]
Princess Sergei Belosselsky-Belozersky (née Susan Tucker Whittier ) on 23 October 1894[ 164]
Lady Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope (née Mary Augusta "May" Yohé, aka the first American stage princess ) on 27 November 1894[ 165]
The Hon. Mrs Bertrand Russell (née Alys Whitall Pearsall Smith) on 13 December 1894[ 166] [ 167]
Countess Boni de Castellane on 4 March 1895,[ 168] then Anna de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duchess de Sagan on 7 July 1908 (née Anna Gould)[ 169]
Maud Cunard , Lady Cunard (née Maud Alice Burke) on 18 April 1895[ 170]
Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston and Vicereine of India (née Mary Victoria Leiter)Mary Curzon , Marchioness Curzon of Kedleston, Vicereine of India (née Mary Victoria Leiter) on 22 April 1895[ 171]
Lady Sholto George Douglas (née Loretta Mooney, aka Loretta Addis) on 31 May 1895[ 172]
Leonora Bennet, Countess of Tankerville (née Leonora Sophia Van Marter) on 23 October 1895[ 173] [ 174]
Countess Maximilien de Foras (née Marie Delphine Meredith Read) on 5 November 1895[ 175]
Consuelo Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marborough (née Consuelo Vanderbilt)Consuelo Spencer-Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough (née Consuelo Vanderbilt) on 6 November 1895[ 176]
Cara Broughton , Baroness Fairhaven (née Cara Leland Rogers, previously Duff) on 12 November 1895[ 177]
Margaret Pineton de Chambrun, Marquise de Chambrun (née Margaret Rives Nichols ) on 12 December 1895[ 178]
Countess Béla Mária Rudolf Zichy de Zich et Vásonkeő (née Mabel Elizabeth Wright, previously Yznaga ) on 26 December 1895[ 179] [ 180]
Amy Parker, Lady Parker [1902] (née Amy VanTine) in December 1895[ 181]
Princess Pierre Troubetzkoy (née Amélie Louise Rives, previously Chanler) on 18 February 1896[ 182]
Countess Conrad de Buisseret Steenbecque de Blarenghien (née Caroline Sherman Story) on 17 August 1896[ 183] [ 184] [ 185]
Mary Gwendolin des Montiers-Mérinville, Marquise des Monstiers-Mérinville (née Mary Gwendolin "Mamie " Byrd Caldwell) on 19 October 1896[ 186] [ 187] [ 139]
Viscountess Léon Frédéric de Janzé (née Marguerite "Moya" Hennessy ) on 11 January 1897[ 188]
Baroness Clemens August von Ketteler (née Matilda "Maud" Cass Ledyard ) on 24 February 1897[ 189] [ 59]
Countess Manfred von Matuschka (née Helen "Ella" Holbrook Walker ) on 16 June 1897,[ 190] then Princess della Torre e Tasso and Duchess of Castel Duino [ 191] (previously Hyde) in May 1932
Countess Arthur de Gabriac (née Fanny Fithian) on 27 October 1897[ 40]
Cora Byng, Countess of Strafford (née Cora Smith, previously Colgate ) on 6 December 1898[ 192]
Baroness Adolf Johann von Brüning (née Marion "Maria " Hubbard Treat , previously McKay , aka Countess Maria von Bruening) on 18 April 1899[ 59] [ 193] [ 194] [ 195]
Princess Franz Seraph Maria Joseph Nepomuk von Auersperg (née Florence Elsworth Hazard ) on 14 June 1899[ 196]
Mary Harcourt, Viscountess Harcourt (née Mary Ethel Burns) on 1 July 1899[ 197]
Princess Mikhail Cantacuzène , Countess Speransky (née Julia Dent Grant) on 24 September 1899[ 198]
Pauline, Baroness von Bush (née Clara Pauline Joran , aka Baroness de Bush) on 6 December 1899[ 199]
Ruth Lee, Baroness Lee of Fareham [1918] then Viscountess Lee of Fareham [1922] (née Ruth Moore ) on 23 December 1899[ 200]
The Hon. Mrs Charles John Coventry (née Lily Whitehouse ) on 16 January 1900[ 201] [ 202]
Marian Hottinguer, Baroness Hottinguer (née Marian Hall Munroe) on 23 January 1900[ 203] [ 74]
The Hon. Mrs Archibald Lionel Lindesay-Bethune (née Ethel Tucker ) on 31 January 1900[ 116]
Edith Vessicchio, Countess di Castelmenardo (née Edith Marie Van Buren, aka Countess de Castelmenardo) on 7 July 1900[ 204]
Helena Montagu, Duchess of Manchester on 14 November 1900,[ 205] then Helena Keith-Falconer, Countess of Kintore on 23 November 1937[ 206] (née Helena Zimmerman)
Countess Otto Grote (née Alice Van Bergen ) on 16 November 1900[ 207]
Gertrude Forbes-Robertson, Lady Forbes-Robertson [1913] (née May Gertrude Dermot, aka Gertrude Elliott ) in 1900[ 208] [ 209]
Countess Aldebert de Chambrun (née Clara Eleanor Longworth) on 19 February 1901[ 210]
Ethel Beatty, Countess Beatty [1919] (née Ethel Newcomb Field , previously Tree ) on 22 May 1901[ 211]
The Hon. Mrs William Arthur de la Poer Horsley-Beresford (née Florence Miller) on 17 June 1901[ 212]
Countess Franz-Joseph Larisch von Moennich (née Mary "Marie" Satterfield) on 27 June 1901[ 213] [ 214] [ 215]
Maria Rospigliosi, Princess Rospigliosi and Duchess di Zagarolo (née Marie "Maria" Jennings Reid, previously Parkhurst) on 26 August 1901[ 216]
Countess Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord , Duchess de Valençay [ Note 2] (née Helen Stuyvesant Morton) on 5 October 1901[ 217] [ 218] [ 219] [ 220]
Princess Jean Ghika (née Hazel Marie Singer) on 19 December 1901[ 221] [ 222] [ 223] [ 224]
Elena Hely-Hutchinson, Countess of Donoughmore (née Elena Maria Grace ) on 21 December 1901[ 225]
Patricia Lockhart-Ross, Lady Lockhart-Ross (née Patricia Burnley Ellison) in 1901[ 226] [ 227] [ 228]
Baroness Ludovic Moncheur (née Charlotte "Carlota" Clayton ) on 15 January 1902[ 120] [ 229] [ 230] [ 231]
Wilhelmina Burrell, Lady Burrell (née Wilhelmina Louisa Winans ) on 11 February 1902[ 232] [ 179]
Countess Hugo von und zu Lerchenfeld auf Köfering und Schönberg (née Ethel Louise Wyman) on 24 September 1902[ 233] [ 234] [ 179]
Countess Paul Raoul de Sauvan d'Aramon (née Henrietta "Rita" Bell) on 24 September 1902[ 235]
The Hon. Mrs Walter Patrick Lindsay (née Ruth Henderson ) on 26 November 1902[ 236] [ 237]
The Hon. Mrs Cecil Baring (née Maude Louise Lorillard , previously Tailer) in November 1902[ 238]
Baroness André Poupart de Neuflize (née Eveline "Eva" Barbey ) on 10 February 1903[ 239]
Alice Seymour, Countess of Yarmouth (née Alice Cornelia Thaw ) on 27 April 1903[ 240]
Harriet della Gherardesca, Countess della Gherardesca (née Harriet Richmond Taylor) on 20 May 1903[ 241]
Romaine Monson, Baroness Monson (née Romaine Stone , previously Turnure) on 1 July 1903[ 116]
Baroness Constantin Johan Edvard Axel Ramsay (née Frances Whitehouse ) on 7 July 1903[ 242] [ 243]
Lilian Bagot, Baroness Bagot (née Lilian Marie May ) on 25 July 1903[ 244]
Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe (née Mary "May" Goelet ) on 10 November 1903[ 245]
Countess Riccardo Fabbricotti (née Cornelia Roosevelt Scovel) on 25 November 1903[ 246]
Countess Odon de Lubersac (née Constance Livermore, aka Constance Livermore-Seillière) on 26 January 1904[ 148] [ 247]
Countess Alexander von Beroldingen (née Margot Marie Stone) on 3 February 1904[ 217] [ 179]
Countess Josef Gizycki (née Eleanor Josephine Medill "Cissy" Patterson) on 14 April 1904[ 248]
Countess Louis de Gontaut-Biron (née Martha "Marthe" Leishman) on 27 June 1904[ 249]
Countess Gaston de Breteuil (née Edythe Scott Grant ) on 18 July 1904[ 250]
Marion Bateman-Hanbury, Baroness Bateman (née Marion Alice Graham, previously Knapp) on 23 July 1904[ 92] [ 251]
Baroness Reinhart Bachofen von Echt (née Alice Pfizer) on 5 September 1904[ 252]
Countess Camille de Borchgrave d'Altena (née Ruth Reilly Snyder) on 22 September 1904[ 253] [ 179]
Edith Dusmet de Smours, Marquise Dusmet de Smours (née Edith Oliver) on 22 October 1904[ 254]
Margaret Howard, Countess of Suffolk (née Margaret "Daisy" Hyde Leiter) on 26 December 1904[ 255]
Alice Lowther, Lady Lowther (née Alice Blight ) on 28 February 1905[ 256] [ 257]
Anna St Clair-Erskine, Countess of Rosslyn (née Anna Robinson) on 21 March 1905[ 258]
Beatrice de Galard de Béarn, Princess de Béarn et de Chalais (née Beatrice Winans ) on 24 June 1905[ 259] [ 260] [ 261] [ 179]
The Hon. Mrs Frederick Edward Guest (née Amy Phipps ) on 28 June 1905[ 262]
The Hon. Mrs Lionel George William Guest (née Flora Bigelow , previously Dodge ) on 6 July 1905[ 85]
Alberta Montagu, Countess of Sandwich (née Alberta Sturges) on 25 July 1905[ 263]
The Hon. Mrs Alexander FitzRoy St Clair-Erskine (née Winifrede Baker) on 28 October 1905[ 36]
Countess Carl von Holnstein aus Bayern (née Mildred Harrison ) on 16 November 1905[ 264]
Eloise Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, Countess of Ancaster (née Eloise Lawrence Breese) on 6 December 1905[ 265]
Frances Baring, Baroness Ashburton (née Frances Donnelly, aka Frances Belmont) on 19 February 1906[ 92]
Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (née Nancy Witcher Langhorne)Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (née Nancy Witcher Langhorne, previously Shaw ) on 3 May 1906[ 266]
The Hon. Mrs Lionel John Olive Lambart (née Adelaide Douglas Randolph) on 8 May 1906[ 92]
Mary Falle, Baroness Portsea (née Mary Greene Hubbard Sturgis, previously Seymour) on 18 July 1906[ 267]
Isabella Geddes, Baroness Geddes [1942] (née Isabella Gamble Ross) on 8 September 1906[ 268]
Clara Green-Price, Lady Green-Price (née Clara Lucile Potter) on 24 November 1906[ 92]
The Hon. Mrs Murrough O'Brien (née Marguerite Lewis) on 21 November 1906[ 36]
Hermione Law, Baroness Ellenborough (née Hermione Octavia Croghan Schenley) on 19 December 1906[ 269]
Madeleine d'Andigné, Marquise d'Andigné (née Madeleine Ives Goddard) on 29 December 1906[ 270]
Winnifreda Dawson-Damer, Countess of Portarlington (née Winnifreda Yuill) on 2 February 1907[ 271]
Countess Carl Poul Oscar Moltke (née Cornelia Van Rensselaer Thayer ) on 29 June 1907[ 272]
Baroness Maximilian Konrad von Romberg (née Antoinette MacDonough Converse ) in July 1907[ 273] [ 274] [ 275]
Mary Elsie Torlonia , Princess di Civitella-Cesi (née Mary Elsie Moore) on 15 August 1907[ 276]
Lady Alastair Robert Innes-Ker (née Anne Breese) on 10 October 1907[ 277]
Amy Harrington, Lady Harrington (née Amy McMillan) on 13 October 1907[ 278]
The Hon. Mrs Henry Thomas Coventry (née Edith Kip , previously McCreery) on 3 December 1907[ 279] [ 280]
Baroness Leo de Graffenried (née Irma Stern) on 10 December 1907[ 281]
Countess László Széchenyi de Sárvár-Felsővidék (née Gladys Moore Vanderbilt) on 27 January 1908[ 282] [ 283]
Florence Grosvenor, Baroness Ebury (née Florence Padelford ) on 1 February 1908[ 284]
Theodora d'Albert, Duchess of Chaulnes (née Theodora Mary Shonts) on 16 February 1908[ 285]
Countess Rudolph Festetics de Tolna (née Alice Ney Wetherbee ) on 24 February 1908[ 286] [ 287] [ 179]
Baroness Johann Friedrich von Hiller (née Emily Bronaugh Barney) on 6 June 1908[ 288] [ 289]
Jean Ward, Lady Ward (née Jean Templeton Reid) on 23 June 1908[ 290]
Elizabeth de Queirós de Almeida e Vasconcelos, Countess de Santa Eulalia (née Sarah Elizabeth Shindler, previously Stetson ) on 23 July 1908[ 291] [ 292]
Baroness Curt Loeffelholz von Colberg (née Ione "Iona" Wilhelmina Sutton Pickhardt, previously Shope) in 1908[ 293] [ 294]
Beatrice Forbes, Countess of Granard (née Jane Beatrice Mills)Beatrice Forbes, Countess of Granard (née Beatrice Mills) on 14 January 1909[ 295]
Countess Hermann von Seherr-Thoss (née Margaret Muriel White) on 29 April 1909[ 296] [ 297]
Josephine del Drago dei Principi del Drago, Marquise di Riofreddo (née Josephine Kleiner, previously Schmid, aka Princess del Drago) on 22 May 1909[ 298]
Beatrice Theodoli, Marquise Theodoli di San Vito (née Beatrice Thaw) on 4 June 1909[ 299]
Hazel Lavery, Lady Lavery [1918] (née Hazel Martyn, previously Trudeau) on 21 July 1909[ 300]
Florence Fermor-Hesketh, Baroness Hesketh (née Florence Louise Breckinridge ) on 9 September 1909[ 301]
Princess Miguel of Braganza (née Anita Rhinelander Stewart) on 15 September 1909[ 302]
Susanne Charette de La Contrie, Marquise de Charette and Baroness de La Contrie (née Susanne Henning) on 11 November 1909[ 303] [ 304]
Olive Greville, Baroness Greville (née Olive Grace , previously Kerr) on 24 November 1909[ 305]
Irene, Viscountess de Beughem de Houtem (née Irone "Irene" Hare) on 5 December 1909[ 306] [ 183]
Ellen Hood, Lady Hood (née Ellen Touzalin, previously Nickerson ) on 19 January 1910[ 116]
Countess Antal Sigray (née Harriot Holmes "Hattie" Daly ) on 29 March 1910[ 307]
Baroness Ferdinand Carl von Stumm (née Constance Hoyt) on 30 March 1910[ 308]
Margaretta Finch-Hatton, Countess of Winchilsea and Nottingham (née Margaretta Armstrong Drexel) on 8 June 1910[ 309]
Mildred Acheson, Countess of Gosford (née Caroline Mildred Carter ) on 21 June 1910[ 310]
Helen Eliot, Countess of St Germans (née Helen Agnes Post) on 22 June 1910[ 311] [ 312]
Princess Albrecht Radziwiłł (née Dorothy Evelyn "Dolly " Deacon ) on 5 July 1910[ 313]
Countess Pierre-Joseph de Salviac de Viel-Castel (née Annah Dillon Ripley ) on 15 October 1910[ 314]
Jane Vavasseur Fisher , Baroness Fisher (née Jane Morgan) on 22 November 1910[ 315]
Lucie de Choiseul-Praslin, Duchess de Praslin (née Lucie Marie Tate, previously Paine) on 28 November 1910[ 74] [ 316] [ 317]
Alys Bingham, Lady Bingham (née Alys Elizabeth Carr, previously Chauncey) on 3 February 1911[ 318]
Helen Beresford, Baroness Decies (née Helen Vivien Gould) on 7 February 1911[ 319]
Lady George Hugo Cholmondeley (née Clara Elizabeth Taylor, previously Stirling) on 7 March 1911[ 320] [ 321]
Lady George Hugo Cholmondeley (née Clara Elizabeth Taylor, previously Stirling)
Baroness Eugène von Rothschild ; formerly Countess Erwein von Schönborn-Buchheim (née Kitty Wolff)
Countess Erwein Ferdinand von Schönborn-Buchheim (née Cathleen "Kitty" Wolff, aka Catherine Francisca "Kitty" Wolf, previously Spotswood) on 24 October 1911,[ 323] [ 324] later Baroness Eugène Daniel von Rothschild on 28 April 1925[ 323] [ 324]
Princess Victor von Thurn und Taxis (née Lida Eleanor Nicolls, previously Fitzgerald) on 1 November 1911[ 325]
Mildred Stonor, Baroness Camoys (née Mildred Constance Sherman ) on 25 November 1911[ 326]
Baroness Hardouin de Reinach-Werth (née Diana Morgan Hill) on 6 December 1911[ 327]
Marguerite Caetani, Princess di Bassiano and Duchess di Sermoneta (née Marguerite Chapin) in 1911[ 328]
Countess Anton Apponyi de Nagy-Appony (née Kate "Kitty" Nelke ) on 3 June 1912[ 329] [ 330]
The Hon. Mrs Alfred Anson (née Lela Amelia Alexander, previously Emery ) on 1 July 1912[ 331]
Antoinette Brett, Viscountess Esher (née Antoinette Heckscher ) on 1 October 1912[ 332]
Constance de Lasteyrie du Saillant, Marquise de Lasteyrie du Saillant (née Constance Whitney Warren ) on 19 December 1912[ 333]
Margaret Vanneck , Baroness Huntingfield (née Margaret Eleanor Crosby) on 21 December 1912[ 334]
Princess Michel Murat (née Helena McDonald Stallo) on 6 February 1913[ 335]
Elinor Chapelle de Jumilhac, Duchess de Richelieu (née Elinor Douglas Wise) on 8 February 1913[ 336] [ 179]
Princess Daria Karageorgevich (née Myra Abigail "Abbie" Pankhurst, previously Pratt ) on 11 June 1913[ 337]
Princess Aymon de Faucigny-Lucinge (née Carolyn Salome Foster, previously Stickney) on 2 July 1913[ 338]
Nancy, Duchess of Croÿ (née Nancy Louise Leishman ) on 24 October 1913[ 339]
Countess Paul Cornet de Ways-Ruart (née Gladys Villiers McMillan ) on 18 February 1914[ 340] [ 341]
Mae Wellesley, Countess Cowley (née Mae Josephine Callicott, aka Mae Pickard or May Picard) on 23 February 1914[ 342] [ 343] [ 344] [ 345]
Countess Armand de Jumilhac (née Ethel Lynde Barbey , previously Norrie ) on 13 June 1914[ 346]
Laura Rospigliosi, Princess Rospigliosi (née Laura McDonald Stallo) on 30 June 1914[ 347]
Countess Gyula Apponyi de Nagy-Appony (née Gladys Virginia Steuart) on 29 July 1914[ 348]
Julia Greg, Lady Greg (née Julia Fairchild Schreiner ) in 1914[ 349] [ 350] [ 351]
Elizabeth, Baroness von Barchfeld (née Elizabeth Reid Rogers ) on 14 January 1915[ 352] [ 353] [ 354] [ 355]
Princess Ludovico Pignatelli d'Aragon (née Ruth Morgan Waters) on 4 May 1915[ 356] [ 357]
Nobile Miriam Caracciolo dei Duchi di Melito (née Miriam Terry Crosby, aka Countess Miriam Caracciolo di Melito) on 3 June 1915[ 358]
Eleanor Methuen, Baroness Methuen (née Eleanor "Norah" Hennessy ) on 6 July 1915[ 359]
Countess Roger de Périgny (née Frances Evelyn "Fannie" Bostwick, previously Francis) on 17 August 1915[ 360]
Emily de La Grange, Baroness de La Grange (née Emily Eleanor Sloane ) on 15 September 1915[ 361]
Duchess Henry Borwin zu Mecklenburg (née Natalie "Lily" Oelrichs , previously Martin) in 1915[ 362] [ 363]
Ida Minotto, Countess Minotto (née Ida May Swift ) on 15 January 1916[ 364] [ 365]
Countess Fal de Saint-Phalle (née Marie Guidet Abeel Duryee ) on 9 May 1916[ 366]
Grace Sandilands, Lady Torphichen (née Grace Douglass Pierce) on 3 June 1916[ 367]
Princess Andrea Boncompagni-Ludovisi-Rondinelli-Vitelli , Marquise di Bucine (née Margaret Preston Draper ) on 25 October 1916[ 368]
Princess Alfred zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (née Catherine Britton)
Princess Alfred zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (née Catherine Britton ) on 14 December 1916[ 369]
Grace Curzon, Marchioness Curzon of Kedleston (née Grace Elvina Hinds, previously Duggan) on 2 January 1917[ 370]
Princess Houreddin Vlora (née Helen Margaret Kelly, previously Thomas) on 20 June 1917[ 371] [ Note 3]
Peggy Brodrick, Viscountess Dunsford (née Margaret "Peggy" Rush) on 23 June 1917[ 372]
Countess Robert de Buyer-Mimeure (née Daisy Polk) on 19 September 1917[ 373]
Eva Gourgaud , Baroness Gourgaud (née Eva Buckingham Gebhard ) on 25 September 1917[ 374] [ 375] [ 376] [ 377] [ 378]
Baroness Friedrich von und zu Weichs zur Wenne (née Vernal Edna Andrews, aka Fern Andra) on 28 September 1917[ 379]
Nina de Polignac , Marquise de Polignac (née Nina Floyd Crosby, previously Eustis ) on 24 October 1917[ 380]
Cécile de Talleyrand-Périgord , Duchess of Montmorency (née Cecilia "Cécile" Ulman, previously Blumenthal) on 14 November 1917[ 381]
Princess Afonso of Braganza, Duchess of Porto (née Nevada Stoody, aka Nevada Stoody Hayes, previously Van Volkenburgh) on 23 November 1917[ 382]
Mary Spears, Lady Spears [1942] (née Mary "May" Borden, previously Turner) in January 1918[ 383]
Countess André de Limur (née Ethel Mary Crocker ) on 27 March 1918[ 384] [ Note 4]
Baroness Alfred de Ropp (née Olivia Pillsbury) on 12 March 1919[ 385]
Princess Dmitri Golitsyn (née Frances Simpson Stevens) on 19 April 1919[ 386]
Ava Lister , Baroness Ribblesdale (née Ava Lowle Willing, previously Astor) on 5 June 1919[ 387]
Countess Mario Panciera di Zoppola (née Edith Mary "Tookie" Mortimer) on 21 June 1919[ 388] [ 389] [ 390] [ 391]
Baroness Emile de Cartier de Marchienne (née Marie Emery Dow,[ 392] previously Cary) on 16 July 1919[ 393] [ 394]
Countess Eugeniusz Dąmbski on 5 November 1919, then Princess Serge Mdivani on 14 May 1927 (née Apolonia Chałupiec, aka Pola Negri )[ 395] [ Note 5]
Princess Marie-André Poniatowski (née Frances Alice Willing Lawrance ) on 27 December 1919[ 396] [ 397]
Princess Anastasia of Greece and Denmark [ Note 6] (née Nonie "Nancy" May Stewart, previously Leeds) on 1 January 1920[ 398]
Countess Alexandre de Saint-Phalle (née Helene Georgia Harper) on 6 April 1920[ 399] [ 400]
Mary Wallop, Viscountess Lymington (née Mary Lawrence Post) on 31 July 1920[ 401]
Ruth de Villiers, Viscountess du Terrage (née Ruth King) on 4 November 1920[ 402]
Eleanor Stuart, Countess Castle Stewart (née Eleanor May Guggenheim ) on 16 December 1920[ 403]
Gladys Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (née Gladys Marie Deacon) on 25 June 1921[ 404]
Princess Mikhail Cantacuzène, Countess Speransky (née Clarissa Pelham Curtis) on 26 June 1921[ 405]
Edith Paget , Baroness Queenborough (née Edith Starr Miller) on 19 July 1921[ 406]
Alice de Janzé, Countess de Janzé (née Alice Silverthorne) on 21 September 1921[ 407] [ 408] [ 409]
Evelyn de Crussol, Duchess de Crussol (née Evelyn Anne Gordon) on 10 October 1921[ 410]
Countess Paul Pálffy ab Erdöd (née Dorothy Evelyn "Dolly " Deacon , previously Radziwiłł ) on 15 January 1922[ 411]
Countess Anastasy Vonsyatsky (née Marion Buckingham Ream ) on 4 February 1922[ 412]
Catherine Herbert, Countess of Carnarvon (née Anne Catherine Tredick Wendell) on 17 July 1922[ 413]
Margaret Dukes, Lady Dukes (née Margaret Stuyvesant Rutherfurd , previously Mills ) in October 1922,[ 414] then Princess Charles Murat on 5 July 1929[ 415]
Kathleen Feilding, Countess of Denbigh (née Kathleen Emmet) on 12 February 1923[ 416]
Gwendolin Edmonstone, Lady Edmonstone (née Gwendolin Marshall Field ) on 5 April 1923[ 417] [ 418]
Countess Carlo Dentice di Frasso (née Dorothy Caldwell Taylor, previously Grahame-White) on 9 July 1923[ 419]
Jessica Carnegie, Countess of Northesk (née Jessica Ruth Brown, previously Reinhard) on 19 July 1923[ 420]
Countess Roger de Périgny (née Margaret Copley Thaw, previously Carnegie ) on 12 November 1923[ 421]
Countess Ludwig von Salm-Hoogstraeten (née Mary Millicent Abigail Rogers) on 8 January 1924[ 422]
Iris Origo , Marquise di Val d'Orcia (née Iris Margaret Cutting) on 4 March 1924[ 423]
The Hon. Mrs John Francis Amherst Cecil (née Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt ) on 29 April 1924[ 424]
Princess Viggo of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg , Countess af Rosenborg (née Eleanor Margaret Green) on 10 June 1924[ 425]
Barbara Stuart, Countess of Moray (née Barbara Murray) on 21 June 1924[ 426]
Elizabeth Lindsay, Lady Lindsay (née Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt ) on 14 July 1924[ 427] [ 428]
Valérie Pozzo di Borgo, Duchess Pozzo di Borgo (née Valerie "Valérie" Norrie ) on 21 July 1924[ 429]
Princess Obolensky-Neledinsky-Meletzky on 24 July 1924, then Ava Hofmann, Edle von Hofmannsthal on 21 January 1933 (née Ava Alice Muriel Astor)[ 430]
Countess Pierre de Jumilhac (née Constance Crowninshield Coolidge, previously Atherton ) on 11 October 1924[ 431]
Philippa Stewart, Countess of Galloway (née Philippa Fendall Wendell) on 14 October 1924[ 432]
Margaret Caracciolo , Princess di Castagneto and Duchess di Melito (née Margaret Clarke) on 8 January 1925[ 433]
Gloria Le Bailly de La Falaise , Marquise de La Coudraye (née Gloria May Josephine Swanson, previously Somborn) on 28 January 1925[ 434]
Countess Raoul de Roussy de Sales (née Reine Marie Tracy, previously Stewart) on 5 February 1925[ 435]
Katherine James, Baroness Northbourne (née Katherine Louise Nickerson) on 4 March 1925[ 436]
Kay Bourbon del Monte , Princess di San Faustino (née Katherine "Kay" Linn Sage) on 30 March 1925[ 437]
Baroness Roland de Graffenried de Villars (née Dorothy Gould) on 5 May 1925[ 438] [ 439]
Princess Guido Pignatelli (née Constance Grenelle Wilcox) on 28 August 1925[ 440] [ 441] [ 442] [ 391]
Princess Eduard Josef von Lobkowicz (née Anita Hegeler Lihme , aka Princess Edward Joseph de Lobkowicz) on 29 August 1925[ 443]
Princess Mstislav Galitzine , Countess Ostermann (née Amy "Aimée" Isabella Crocker, previously Miskinoff) on 22 September 1925[ 444]
Nobile Marion Dusmet de Smours dei Duchi Dusmet de Smours (née Marion "Polly" Hubbard Powers) on 30 September 1925[ 445]
Baroness Jean de Lustrac (née Helen Reid) on 24 November 1925[ 446]
Elsie Mendl , Lady Mendl (née Ella "Elsie" Anderson De Wolfe) on 10 March 1926[ 447]
Thelma Furness, Viscountess Furness (née Thelma Morgan, previously Converse) on 27 June 1926[ 448]
Princess David Mdivani (née Marie Adrienne Koenig, aka Mae Murray ) on 27 June 1926[ 449] [ Note 7]
Marian Chigi Albani della Rovere, Princess Chigi Albani della Rovere (née Marian Berry) on 16 July 1926[ 450]
Princess Romanovskaya-Ilyinskaya on 21 November 1926, then Princess Dimitri Djordjadze in March 1937 (née Anna Audrey Emery)[ 451]
Princess Levan Melikov (née Rosalie Hooker , previously Dixon, aka Princess Melikov de Somhetie) in 1926[ 452] [ 453]
Countess Gaston de Galard de Béarn, Countess de Béarn (née Monica Maude Avery) on 25 April 1927[ 454] [ 455]
Countess André-Marie de Saint-Phalle (née Jeanne Jacqueline Harper) on 7 June 1927[ 400]
Doña Margaret Strong Rockefeller de Cuevas Bartholín , Marquise de Piedrablanca de Guana, aka Marquise de Cuevas (née Margaret Rockefeller Strong) on 3 August 1927[ 456]
Princess Balthazar Gyalma Odescalchi (née Elaine Wilhelmine Daniels Willcox) on 30 September 1927[ 457] [ 458] [ 459]
Baroness Maximilian Edmund von Romberg (née Emily Purdon Hall) on 14 April 1928[ 460] [ 275]
Nobile Marie Sommaripa dei Signori di Paro e Andro (née Marie Seton ) on 11 August 1928[ 461]
Countess Paul Pálffy ab Erdöd (née Eleanor Jenckes Roelker, previously Tweed ) on 25 August 1928[ 462]
Princess Charles-Philippe d'Orléans, Duchess of Nemours (née Marguerite Watson) on 24 September 1928[ 463] [ 464]
Beatrice Acheson, Countess of Gosford (née Beatrice Claflin , previously Breese) on 1 October 1928[ 465]
Countess Folke Bernadotte , Countess af Wisborg (née Estelle Romaine Manville) on 1 December 1928[ 466]
The Hon. Mrs Michael Simon Scott (née Ruth Brady ) on 31 December 1928[ 467]
Princess Heinrich Reuss zu Köstritz (née Allene Tew , previously Burchard ) on 10 April 1929,[ 468] then Countess Pavel Kotzebue on 4 March 1936[ 469] [ 470]
Countess Cyril Tolstoy (née Gwendolyn Currie, previously Seyburn) on 15 June 1929[ 471] [ 472] [ 473]
Caroline Nicolis, Countess di Robilant e Cereaglio (née Caroline Kent) on 1 October 1929[ 474]
Baroness James-Ferdinand Baeyens (née Mary Cecelia "Cecilia" Clark ) on 16 October 1929[ 475] [ 476]
Genevieve de Janzé, Countess de Janzé (née Genevieve Willinger, previously Ryan) on 9 January 1930[ 407] [ 477]
Marion Butler , Countess of Carrick (née Marion Caher Donoghue, previously Edwards) on 14 August 1930,[ 478] then Marion Cavendish, Baroness Chesham on 20 October 1938[ 479]
The Hon. Mrs Andrew Nicholas Armstrong Vanneck (née Louise Hollingsworth Morris Clews ) on 1 September 1930,[ 480] then Louise Campbell, Duchess of Argyll on 23 November 1935[ 481]
Princess Serge Mdivani (née Mamie Harris, aka Mary McCormic , previously Rankin) on 27 April 1931[ 482] [ Note 5]
Princess Johannes von Liechtenstein (née Aleene McFarland) on 29 July 1931[ 483]
Constance Le Bailly de La Falaise , Marquise de La Coudraye (née Constance Campbell Bennett, previously Plant) on 22 November 1931[ 484]
Countess Giovanni Guido Carlo Cardelli (née Jacqueline Melanie Stewart) on 23 November 1931[ 485] [ 486]
Marian Rospigliosi, Princess Rospigliosi and Duchess di Zagarolo (née Marian Adair Snowden) on 27 November 1931[ 487] [ 488]
Renee Carafa, Duchess d'Andria e Castel del Monte (née Renee Thornton, previously Hageman ) on 27 January 1932[ 489] [ 490] [ 491]
Katherine Runciman , Viscountess Runciman of Doxford (née Katherine Schuyler Garrison) on 11 April 1932[ 492]
Lady Charles Cavendish (née Adele Marie Austerlitz, aka Adele Astaire ) on 9 May 1932[ 493] [ 494]
Elizabeth Prescott, Lady Prescott (née Elizabeth Hughes Melcer) on 12 November 1932[ 495] [ 496] [ 497]
Isabel, Countess von Ostheim (née Isabel Neilson ) on 28 November 1932[ 498]
Lillie Apuzzo di Portanova, Baroness di Portanova (née Lillie Cranz Cullen ) on 16 December 1932[ 499]
Mary Elsie Wellesley, Countess Cowley (née Mary Elsie May, previously Himes) on 18 June 1933[ 500] [ 345]
Princess Alexis Mdivani (née Barbara Woolworth Hutton) on 22 June 1933, then Countess Kurt von Haugwitz-Reventlow on 14 May 1935, then Princess Igor Troubetzkoy (previously Grant ) on 1 April 1947, then Baroness Gottfried von Cramm (previously Rubirosa ) in November 1955[ 501] [ Note 8]
Janet Caravita, Princess di Sirignano (née Janet Elizabeth Snowden) in August 1933[ 502] [ 488]
Countess Franz Ferdinand von Colloredo-Mannsfeld (née Mabel Bayard Bradley) on 3 October 1933[ 503]
Helen de Goyon, Duchess de Feltre (née Helen Seton ) on 21 October 1933[ 504]
Countess Antoine Sala (née Laura Bache Kayser, previously Bayer) in 1933[ 505]
Nancy Wyndham-Quin, Countess of Dunraven and Mount-Earl (née Nancy Yuille) on 7 March 1934[ 506]
Carroll Tennyson, Baroness Tennyson (née Carroll Elting, previously Donner) on 14 April 1934[ 507]
Baroness Carl von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen (née Josephine Timberlake) on 13 October 1934[ 508]
Elizabeth de la Poer Beresford , Baroness Decies (née Elizabeth Wharton Drexel, previously Lehr ) on 25 May 1936[ 509]
Princess Serge Wolkonsky (née Mary Walker Fearn , previously French)[ 510] on 8 July 1936[ 511]
Sallie Ponsonby, Baroness Sysonby (née Sallie Whitney Sanford ) on 2 October 1936[ 512]
Geraldine Lindsay-Hogg , Lady Lindsay-Hogg (née Geraldine Mary Fitzgerald) on 18 November 1936[ 513]
Princess Guido Pignatelli (née Henrietta Guerard Pollitzer, previously Hartford ) on 25 April 1937[ 514]
Wallis Windsor , Duchess of Windsor (née Bessie Wallis Warfield, previously Simpson) on 3 June 1937[ 515]
Virginia Child-Villiers , Countess of Jersey (née Virginia Cherrill, previously Grant ) on 30 July 1937[ 516]
Rozell Empain, Baroness Empain (née Rozell Rowland) on 4 November 1937[ 517]
Barbara Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne (née Barbara Dempsey Chase) on 18 March 1938[ 518]
Princess Artchil Gourielli-Tchkonia (née Chaya Rubinstein, aka Helena Rubinstein , previously Titus) in June 1938[ 519] [ Note 9]
Lela de Talleyrand-Périgord , Duchess de Talleyrand and Duchess di Dino (née Lela Alexander Emery , previously Mackintosh) on 30 August 1938[ 520]
Countess Lorenzo Paolozzi (née Alice "Alicia" Orpha Spaulding) on 30 October 1938[ 521] [ 522] [ 523]
Princess Alexis Obolensky (née Jane Wheeler Irby) on 6 January 1939[ 524]
The Hon. Mrs Cecil Howard (née Frances Dean, aka Frances Drake) on 12 February 1939[ 525]
Princess Kirill Scherbatoff (née Adelaide Sedgwick, previously Munroe) on 27 April 1939[ 526]
Vera Swettenham, Lady Swettenham (née Vera Seton Gordon, previously Guthrie) on 22 June 1939[ 527]
Patricia Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough (née Patricia Minnigerode) on 28 July 1939[ 528]
Countess Oleg Cassini Loiewski (née Gene Eliza Tierney) on 1 June 1941[ 529]
Princess Vladimir Eristavi-Tchitcherine (née Lucy Cotton, previously Magraw) on 15 June 1941[ 530]
Josephine Molyneux, Countess of Sefton (née Josephine Armstrong, previously Gwynne) on 9 December 1941[ 531]
Princess Serge Troubetzkoy (née Dorothy Livingston Ulrich) on 25 December 1941[ 532]
Princess Serge Gagarin (née Frances "Patty" Wickham Moore) on 22 September 1942[ 533]
Oona Chaplin , Lady Chaplin [1975] (née Oona O'Neill ) on 16 June 1943[ 534]
Princess Serge Belosselsky-Belozersky (née Florence Crane , previously Robinson ) on 27 November 1943[ 535]
Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (née Kathleen Agnes Kennedy)Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (née Kathleen Agnes "Kick" Kennedy) on 6 May 1944[ 536]
Princess Johannes von Liechtenstein (née Jean Ann French) on 27 August 1945[ 537]
Aimee Corsini dei Principi Corsini, Marquise di Lajatico (née Aimee Gaillard Russell) on 26 November 1945[ 538]
Carolyn de Crussol, Duchess d'Uzès (née Carolyn Baily Brown) on 18 July 1946[ 539]
Susan Russell, Viscountess Amberley (née Susan Doniphan Lindsay ) on 28 August 1946[ 540]
Princess Dominik Rainer Radziwiłł (née Lida Lacey Bloodgood ) on 8 January 1947[ 541]
Doña María Aline Griffith Dexter de Figueroa Perez de Guzmán el Bueno , Countess de Quintanilla and Countess de Romanones (née Aline Griffith) on 26 June 1947[ 542]
Countess Rodolfo Crespi (née Consuelo Pauline O'Brien O'Connor) on 22 January 1948[ 543]
Countess Bernard d'Harcourt (née Zina Rachevsky ) on 4 November 1948[ 544]
The Hon. Mrs Bartholomew Pleydell-Bouverie (née Katharine Bradley Tod, previously Martin) on 22 January 1949[ 545] [ 546]
Caroline Benn, Viscountess Stansgate (née Caroline Middleton DeCamp) on 17 June 1949[ 547]
Princess Ivan Obolensky (née Claire Elizabeth McGinnis) on 10 October 1949[ 548]
Princess Ferdinand von Liechtenstein (née Dorothy Haydel, previously Oelrichs ) on 21 August 1950[ 549]
Countess Édouard Decazes de Glücksbierg (née Caroline Triplett Taliaferro Scott) on 4 November 1950[ 550]
Mildred Capell, Countess of Essex (née Zara Mildred Carlson) on 10 December 1950[ 551]
Princess Alexander zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (née Patricia Anne "Honeychile" Wilder, previously Cernadas) on 21 May 1951[ 552]
Princess Edmond Poniatowski (née Anne "Frances" "Nancy" Darwin Goodrich) on 1 May 1952[ 553]
Virginia Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie (née Virginia Fortune Ryan) on 23 October 1952[ 554]
Princess Alexis Obolensky (née Katherine Taylor "Kappy" Pearce, previously Gennett) on 22 November 1952[ 555]
Edith Russell, Countess Russell (née Edith Finch) on 15 December 1952[ 556]
Baroness Robert Silvercruys (née Rosemary Turner, previously McMahon ) on 28 September 1953[ 557] [ 558] [ 559] [ 560]
Baroness Philippe de Rothschild (née Pauline Fairfax Potter, previously Leser) on 8 April 1954[ 561]
Countess Albrecht von Bismarck-Schönhausen (née Mona Travis Strader, aka Mona Bismarck, previously Williams) on 5 January 1955[ 562]
Grace, Princess of Monaco (née Grace Patricia Kelly)The Princess of Monaco (née Grace Patricia Kelly) on 19 April 1956[ 563]
Princess Alfred von Auersperg (née Martha Sharp Crawford, aka "Sunny" von Bülow) on 20 July 1957[ 564]
The Hon. Mrs Anthony George Lowther (née Lavinia Joyce) on 22 July 1958[ 565]
Nobile Catherine Cordero dei Marchesi di Montezemolo (née Catherine Bradley Murray) in 1958[ 566]
Princess Stanisław Albrecht Radziwiłł (née Caroline Lee Bouvier, previously Canfield ) on 19 March 1959[ 567]
Evelyn Sassoon, Lady Sassoon (née Maude Evelyn "Barnsie" Barnes) on 1 April 1959[ 568]
Princess Charles d'Arenberg (née Margaret Wright "Peggy" Bedford, previously Bancroft ) on 29 December 1960,[ 569] then Duchess d'Uzès on 12 July 1968[ 570]
Princess Andrew Romanov (née Kathleen Norris , previously Roberts) on 21 March 1961[ 571]
Countess Guy-Philippe Lannes de Montebello (née Edith Bradford Myles) on 24 June 1961[ 572] [ 573]
Princess Nikita Romanov (née Janet Schonwald) on 14 July 1961[ 574]
Countess Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim (née Edith Carpenter Macy ) on 30 July 1961[ 575]
Nancy Keith , Lady Keith (née Mary Raye Gross, aka Nancy "Slim" Keith, previously Hayward ) in 1962[ 576]
Nancy Lowther, Countess of Lonsdale (née Nancy Ruth Cobbs, previously Stephenson) on 6 March 1963[ 577] [ 578] [ 579]
After 1965
No hereditary peerages have been created in the UK since Baron Margadale on 1 January 1965.
Lady Charles Spencer-Churchill (née Gillian Spreckels Fuller) on 30 July 1965[ 580] [ 581] [ 582]
Mary Harmsworth, Viscountess Rothermere (née Mary Murchison, previously Ohrstrom) on 28 March 1966[ 583] [ 584]
Countess Jean-François de Chambrun (née Josalee Douglas ) on 3 May 1966[ 585] [ 586]
Amanda Borghese, Princess di Sant'Angelo e di San Polo and Duchess di Bomarzo (née Amanda Lewis, aka Amanda Leigh ) in July 1966[ 587]
Countess Augusto Gregorini di Savignano di Romagna (née Barbara Goldbach, aka Barbara Bach) in 1966, later Barbara Starkey, Lady Starkey on 27 April 1981[ 588] [ 589]
Baroness Otto von Hoffmann (née Barbara Kingsbury, aka Barbara Carrera) in 1966[ 590]
Marina Berry, Viscountess Camrose (née Marina Beatrice Sulzberger ) on 4 January 1967[ 591]
Princess Charles of Luxembourg (née Joan Douglas Dillon , previously Moseley) on 1 March 1967, later Joan de Noailles, Duchess of Mouchy on 3 August 1978[ 592] [ 593] [ 594]
Eliza Moore, Viscountess Moore (née Eliza Winn Lloyd) on 15 May 1968[ 595] [ 596]
Elizabeth Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (née Elizabeth Fullerton, previously Crocker ) on 7 February 1969[ 597]
Linda McCartney, Lady McCartney [1997] (née Linda Louise Eastman, previously See) on 12 March 1969[ 598]
Pamela Ormsby-Gore, Baroness Harlech (née Pamela Colin) on 11 December 1969[ 599]
Baroness Donald von Wiedenmann (née Ellen Naomi Cohen, aka Cass Elliot, previously Hendricks) on 12 July 1971[ 600]
Countess Edmond de La Haye Jousselin (née Anne Guestier Manice ) on 28 October 1972[ 601]
Dorothy Weir, Viscountess Weir (née Dorothy Dear, previously Hutton) on 3 March 1973[ 602]
Victoria de Rothschild, Lady de Rothschild (née Victoria Lou Schott) on 1 July 1973[ 603]
Catherine de Castelbajac, Marquise de Castelbajac (née Katherine "Catherine" "Kate" Lee Chambers) on 5 April 1979[ 604]
Countess Thierry de Ganay (née Frances Akin Spence) on 14 July 1981[ 605]
Baroness Arnaud de Rosnay (née Jenna Severson) on 12 September 1981,[ 606] [ Note 10] later Countess Emmanuel de Buretel de Chassey on 29 August 1993[ 607]
Mary Eccles, Viscountess Eccles (née Mary Morley Crapo , previously Hyde) on 26 September 1984[ 608]
Frau Martin von Haselberg (née Bette Midler) on 16 December 1984[ 609] [ 610] [ 611]
Jamie Haden-Guest, Baroness Haden-Guest (née Jamie Lee Curtis) on 18 December 1984[ 612]
Monica Neumann von Héthárs, Frau von Héthárs (née Monica Ann Ford, aka Baroness Monica von Neumann) in 1985[ 613] [ 614]
Diane Thatcher, Lady Thatcher [1990] (née Diane Burgdorf) on 14 February 1987[ 615]
Countess Carl-Eduard von Bismarck-Schönhausen (née Laura Elena Martínez Herring, aka Laura Harring) on 27 February 1987[ 616]
Countess Anton-Wolfgang von Faber-Castell (née Mary Elizabeth Hogan) on 12 December 1987[ 617] [ 618]
Princess Andrew Romanov (née Inez Bachelin, previously Storer) on 17 December 1987[ 619]
Countess Géza von Habsburg (née Elizabeth Jane Kunstadter) on 4 January 1992[ 620]
Countess Alexandre de Lesseps (née LuAnn Nadeau) on 16 March 1993[ 621]
Countess Patrick Houitte de La Chesnais (née Stefanie Zofya Paul, aka Stefanie Powers, previously Lockwood ) on 1 April 1993[ 622]
Princess Julie of Nassau (née Julia "Julie " Elizabeth Houston Ongaro) on 29 January 1994[ 623]
Princess Alexander-Georg Auersperg (née Nancy Louise Weinberg) on 10 June 1995[ 624] [ 625]
Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece (née Marie-Chantal Claire Miller) on 1 July 1995[ 626] [ 627]
Princess Alexander von Fürstenberg (née Alexandra Natasha Miller) on 28 October 1995[ 628]
Fictional American heiresses
Alexis Colby , Fallon Carrington Colby , Amanda Carrington , Krystle Carrington , and Dominique Deveraux in the TV series Dynasty
Pamela "Pam" Barnes Ewing , April Stevens Ewing , Ann Ewing , Sue Ellen Ewing , Valene Ewing , and Lucy Ewing in the TV series Dallas
Constance Weldon Carlyle in the primetime TV soap opera Flamingo Road
Angela Channing in the primetime TV soap opera Falcon Crest
Sue Ellen Mischke in the sitcom Seinfeld
Mary Beth in the TV series Desperate Housewives
Stephanie Forrester , Pamela Douglas , Felicia Forrester , Stephanie "Steffy" Forrester , Phoebe Forrester , Brooke Logan , Taylor Hayes , Darla Forrester , Caroline Spencer , and Caroline Spencer Forrester in the TV soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful
Mackenzie Browning , Gloria Abbott Bardwell , Jill Foster Abbott , Victoria Newman , Cassie Newman , Abby Newman , Summer Newman , Colleen Carlton , Faith Newman , Ashley Abbott , Katherine "Katie" Newman , and Katherine Chancellor in the TV soap opera The Young and the Restless
Victoria Lord , Meredith Lord , Tina Lord , Megan Gordon , Jessica Buchanan , Natalie Buchanan , Sarah Roberts , Starr Manning , Dorian Lord , Blair Cramer , Kelly Cramer , Adriana Cramer , Cassie Callison , and Langston Wilde in the TV soap opera One Life to Live
Claire Meade and Alexis Meade in the American dramedy series Ugly Betty
Cora Crawley, Countess of Grantham in the British period drama TV series Downton Abbey
London Tipton in the American sitcom The Suite Life of Zack & Cody
Serena van der Woodsen in the TV series Gossip Girl
See also
^ The comital title of Eliot Zborowski and the title "Count de Montsaulnin" are considered doubtful although tolerated in society.
^ The title "Duke de Valençay" is one of the titles of the Duke of Talleyrand , but assumed by his younger son Count Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord before he inherits it (in 1937, after his divorce from Helen S. Morton), a pretension tolerated in society.
^ The princely title of Houreddin Vlora is considered non-genuine although tolerated in society.
^ The comital title of André de Limur (born into a French ancienne bourgeoisie family with noble connections) is considered non-genuine although tolerated in society.
^ a b The princely title of Serge Mdivani is considered doubtful although tolerated in society.
^ The princely title "and Denmark" of Princess Anastasia of Greece (née Stewart) is unlawful by a consideration of the morganatic nature of her marriage for Denmark, although tolerated in society.
^ The princely title of David Mdivani is considered doubtful although tolerated in society.
^ The princely title of Alexis Mdivani is considered doubtful although tolerated in society.
^ The princely title of Artchil Tchkonia is considered non-genuine although tolerated in society.
^ The baronial title of Arnaud de Rosnay (born into a French ancienne bourgeoisie family with noble connections) is considered non-genuine although tolerated in society.
References
^ Velde, François (27 September 2005). "Armory of the French Hereditary Peerage (1814-30) – Lay Peers" . heraldica . Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ François Barbé-Marbois (1969). Our Revolutionary Forefathers, The Letters of François, Marquis de Barbé-Marbois, During His Residence in the United States as Secretary of the French Legation, 1779-1785 . Books for Libraries Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780836950885 . Retrieved 2021-06-21 .
^ Tracy, Nicholas (2005). Who's Who in Nelson's Navy: 200 Naval Heroes . Greenhill Books. p. 66. ISBN 9781861762443 . Retrieved 23 February 2022 .
^ Société de l'histoire du protestantisme français (1978). Bulletin - Études, documents, chronique littéraire - Volumes 124-125 (in French). Au Siège de la Société. p. 474. Retrieved 2021-06-21 .
^ Lodge Edmund (1848). The peerage of the British empire as at present existing. To which is added the baronetage . Seventeenth Edition. p. 10. Retrieved 2021-06-23 .
^ Junius P. Rodriguez (2002). The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-57607-188-5 .
^ Eden, Emily (2012). Miss Eden's Letters . Library of Alexandria. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-4655-7270-7 . Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ Kenyon, Ronald W. (2013). Monville: Forgotten Luminary of the French Enlightenment . Ronald W. Kenyon. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-4811-4829-0 . Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ Dalton, Charles (1904). The Waterloo roll call. With biographical notes and anecdotes . London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. p. 34.
^ Francis F. Beirne (October 1984). The Amiable Baltimoreans . JHU Press. pp. 111–. ISBN 978-0-8018-2513-2 .
^ Derbyshire, Wyn (2009). Six Tycoons: The Lives of John Jacob Astor, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Henry Ford and Joseph P. Kennedy . Spiramus Press Ltd. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-904905-85-1 . Retrieved 24 March 2020 .
^ Birmingham, Stephen (27 September 2016). America's Secret Aristocracy . Open Road Media. ISBN 9781504041072 . Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^ G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume IX, page 238.
^ Davis, Betty; Trackers, Big Bend Ghost (2011). Haunted Monticello, Florida . Arcadia Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-62584-155-1 . Retrieved 13 March 2020 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "War Ships Sunk in Samoa - With the Settlement of Oklahoma : an Account of the Johnstown Disaster and Other Articles from the New-York Daily Tribune" . The Tribune . 1889. pp. 87–88–89–90–91–92–94. Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ "Obituary.; Prince Murat" . The New York Times . 12 April 1878. p. 4. Retrieved 20 March 2020 .
^ a b c d e f g NYC Marriage & Death Notices 1857-1868 , The New York Society Library . Retrieved 12 August 2021.
^ Allen, Cameron (2013). The History of the American Pro-Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Paris (1815-1980) . iUniverse. p. 14. ISBN 9781475937824 . Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ Debrett's Complete Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . William Courthope. 1839. p. 255. Retrieved 1 August 2020 .
^ Chandler, Peleg Whitman (1841). The Monthly Law Reporter, Volume 3 . W. Guild. p. 41. Retrieved 8 October 2022 .
^ Hutto, Richard Jay (2017). The Kaiser's Confidante: Mary Lee, the First American-Born Princess . McFarland. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-4766-6572-6 . Retrieved 1 August 2020 .
^ "Bust of la Marquise de la Valette | Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste" . collections.vam.ac.uk . Victoria and Albert Museum . 13 March 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020 .
^ Cameron Allen (2013). The History of the American Pro-Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Paris (1815-1980) . iUniverse LLC Bloomington. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-4759-3782-4 . Retrieved 2 August 2020 .
^ Thompson, Alicia "Lish" Anderson (2006). Rockville. Images of America . Arcadia Publishing. p. 84. ISBN 9780738542348 . Retrieved 23 June 2021 .
^ Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage . Burke's Peerage Limited. 1914. p. 547 . Retrieved 13 March 2020 .
^ Association Lyon 93 (1994). Le Mémorial de Lyon en 1793 : Les familles Millanois et Regnauld de Bellescize (in French). Éditions Lyonnaises d'Art et d'Histoire. p. 298. ISBN 9782841470303 . Retrieved 31 July 2021 . {{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link )
^ "DOWAGER LADY HAY DEAD.; Widow of Sir Robert Hay, Bart., and Sister of William Butler Duncan" . The New York Times . 2 February 1910. Retrieved 14 February 2024 .
^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Freiherrliche Häuser , B 5 (1971)
^ Edward Elbridge Salisbury; Evelyn McCurdy Salisbury (1892). Family Histories and Genealogies, Volume 3 . Press of Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor. p. 73. Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ a b Semans, Barbara Broome; Schwartz, Letitia Broome (2009). John Broome and Rebecca Lloyd Vol. 1: Their Descendants and Related Families 18th to 21st Centuries, Volume 2 . Xlibris Corporation. pp. 895– 909. ISBN 9781462811120 . Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "Guide to the Ray Family Papers 1794-1889 / MS 513" . New-York Historical Society . 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2021 .
^ "Cry of Fraud in Fight Over Baroness's Will; J.H. Carpenter, Residuary Legatee, Charged with Undue Influence. Estate is Over $400,000 Contesting Cousins of Sarah Morris de Vaugrigneuse Oppose Carpenter as Temporary Administrator" . The New York Times . 4 August 1904. p. 12. Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ Mension-Rigau, Eric (2011). L'ami du prince: Journal inédit d'Alfred de Gramont (1892-1915) (in French). Fayard. p. 17. ISBN 978-2-213-66502-3 . Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ "Marquise de Ganay" . The New York Times . 19 September 1921. Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ Walker, Pierre A.; Zacharias, Greg W. (2008). The Complete Letters of Henry James, 1872–1876: Volume 2 . U of Nebraska Press. p. 155. ISBN 9780803222977 .
^ a b c d e Proceedings, American Philosophical Society (vol. 135, No. 2, 1991) . American Philosophical Society. June 1991. pp. 155–182–186. ISBN 9781422370254 . Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ "TRIAL OF SIR GIDEON CULLING EARDLEY FOR BIGAMY" . The Wellington Independent . 28 March 1868. p. 7. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ "FRANCE: Paris, April 19, 1860" . Galignani's Messenger . 20 April 1860. Retrieved 15 September 2024 .
^ Obituary – Ernst Bruno de Gersdorff, M.D. The New England Medical Gazette Vol. 18. July 1883. p. 221-222-223. Retrieved 9 June 2024 .
^ a b c Hutto, Richard Jay (2018). A Poisoned Life: Florence Chandler Maybrick . McFarland. p. 122. ISBN 9781476632940 .
^ a b "WHY WAS CHARLES JAMES PHALEN SLIGHTED IN HIS FATHER'S WILL?" . The New York Times . 17 May 1890. Retrieved 14 October 2022 .
^ "Married. VEROSPI – DAVIS" . The New York Times . 4 November 1861. Retrieved 26 September 2023 . In Paris, on Thursday, Oct. 10, at the Church of St. Roch, by the Abbe de Roquefeuil, the Marquis ANGELO GAVOTTI VEROSPI, of Rome, Italy, to LIZZIE, daughter of Thomas E. Davis, of this City
^ Tony Horwitz (2003). The Devil May Care, Fifty Intrepid Americans and Their Quest for the Unknown . Oxford University Press. p. 183. ISBN 9780195169225 . Retrieved 21 June 2021 .
^ A Veteran Diplomat (12 March 1911). "SOME EUROPEAN NOBLES THAT ARE ALMOST AMERICANS; The Family Histories of Prince Hermann Hatzfeldt and Baroness Stumm, Who Are Soon to Wed, Show Their Close Relation to This Country" . The New York Times . Retrieved 29 January 2022 .
^ Venn, John (1922). Alumni Cantabrigienses. A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900 . Cambridge Library Collection. p. 434. ISBN 9781108036092 . Retrieved 22 September 2022 .
^ Valadares, Desiree (May 2012). "CRATHES CASTLE" (PDF) . National Trust for Scotland – Gardens and Designed Landscapes . p. 17. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ Tenkotte, Paul A. (February 22, 2016). "Our Rich History: Erlanger and the d'Erlanger and Churchill families — unraveling a historical puzzle" . Northern Kentucky Tribune . Retrieved July 10, 2021 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (6 July 1914). "COUNTESS VON WALDERSEE.; Widow of Famous Field Marshal Was Daughter of a New York Merchant" . The New York Times . p. 7. Retrieved 13 March 2020 .
^ a b Moore, Clarence Bloomfield (17 July 2002). The Tennessee, Green, and Lower Ohio Rivers Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore . University of Alabama Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780817310189 . Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ Fleming, George Thornton (1922). History of Pittsburgh and Environs: From Prehistoric Days to the Beginning of the American Revolution ... American historical society, Incorporated. p. 101. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "The Heirs of Europe LANTE DELLA ROVERE" . see line 32 & 33 . Ronald Elward 2009-2014. 20 January 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2014 .
^ "Miscellaneous Items" . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . April 27, 1867. p. 4. Retrieved 10 February 2019 .
^ "FAMIGLIA PERRELLI-TOMACELLI" . see line F2.1. (in Italian). Giovanni Panzera 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ "Perrelli Tomacelli Filomarino" . Famiglie Nobili delle Province Napolitane (in Italian). Retrieved 12 April 2021 .
^ Edward Walford (1860). The county families of the United Kingdom; Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland . Dalcassian Publishing Company. p. 1120. Retrieved 2021-08-02 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (22 May 1929). "COUNTESS EDLA, 93, NOTED SINGER, DIES; Boston Girl's Voice Won Dom Fernando, Portugal's ExKing, for a Husband.A PRIMA DONNA IN 1860Singer, as Elsie Hensler, ScoredTriumphs Here--Her Father aGerman Political Refugee" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "PRINCESS BRANCACCIO DEAD.; Was Elizabeth Hickson-Field of New York, and Married the Prince in 1870" . The New York Times . 12 April 1909. Retrieved 27 June 2021 .
^ Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren (1882). Memoir of John A. Dahlgren, Rear-admiral United States Navy . J. R. Osgood & C. Retrieved 2020-12-13 .
^ a b c Richard Jay Hutto (2017). The Kaiser's Confidante: Mary Lee, the First American-Born Princess . McFarland. pp. 129–130–132–133–137–138. ISBN 9781476665726 . Retrieved 13 September 2021 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (18 December 1921). "HEIRS OF PRINCESS ASK FORTUNE BACK; Zu Lynars Sue Government to Recover Their Mother's Share in $1,500,000 Parsons Estate. SEIZED DURING THE WAR Mother, Born in Columbus, O., Married Prince Who Was Emperor'sAid In Franco-Prussian War" . The New York Times . Retrieved 23 June 2021 .
^ "Sir William H. P. Carington" . The New York Times . 8 October 1914. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ a b G.E. Cokayne and others (2000), The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant , Alan Sutton Publishing, volume I, pp. 140-141. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
^ "Obituary. Sir Francis Henry Evans, KCMG, 1840-1907" . Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers . 170 (1907): 401. 7 December 1907. doi :10.1680/imotp.1907.17281 . Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ a b Proceedings, American Philosophical Society (vol. 135, No. 2) . American Philosophical Society. 1991. p. 186. ISBN 9781422370254 . Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph To the New York Times (March 16, 1913). "COUNT GIANOTTI DYING.; Prefect of Italian Royal House Married Miss Kinney, an American" . The New York Times . Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ Kraus, Jeffrey (2 August 2018). "CWCDV1344 – John Slidell" . Antique Photographics . Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ "Mrs. Frederic Grand d'Hauteville (1849-1928)" . New-York Historical Society . Retrieved 8 October 2022 .
^ Parascandola, John (2012). King of Poisons: A History of Arsenic . Potomac Books, Inc. p. 23. ISBN 9781597977036 . Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ Montgomery, Maureen E. (6 August 2013). 'Gilded Prostitution': Status, Money and Transatlantic Marriages, 1870-1914 . Routledge Library Editions. ISBN 9781136214943 . Retrieved 1 August 2020 .
^ Various (1887). Annuaire de la noblesse de France et d'Europe (in French). Paris. p. 159. Retrieved 26 September 2023 . {{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )
^ Saelee, Mike. "Research Guides: Dollar Princesses: Topics in Chronicling America: Introduction" . guides.loc.gov . Retrieved 12 April 2023 .
^ "Lady Randolph Churchill" . The New York Times . 30 June 1921. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Miscellaneous Documents: 30th Congress, 1st Session - 49th Congress, 1st Session, Volume 10 . United States. Congress. House. 1883. p. 171. Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ a b c d e Allen, Cameron (2013). The History of the American Pro-Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Paris (1815-1980) . iUniverse. pp. 512– 515. ISBN 9781475937824 . Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ Michele Mang & Co (1864). "Edith Marion (née Story), Marchesa Peruzzi di Medici (1844-1907) – NPG Ax46374" . National Portrait Gallery, London . Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ Catterson, Lynn (2019). Florence, Berlin and Beyond: Late Nineteenth-Century Art Markets and their Social Networks . BRILL. p. 488. ISBN 978-9004431041 . Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ "EX-PRINCESS OF MONACO.; Former Alice Heine of New Orleans Dies Suddenly in Paris" . The New York Times . 23 December 1925. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Wrangel, Fredrik Ulrik (1891). Liste des diplomates français en Suède, 1541-1891 (in French). P. Norstedt & Söner. p. 77. Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ a b "FREE AND MARRIED AGAIN; THE BARONESS DE STUERS GETS HER DIVORCE. WEDDED THE SAME DAY TO ELLIOTT ZBOROWSKI" . The New York Times . 8 March 1892. p. 1. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ "ZBROWSKA WILL FILED.; Comtesse de Montsaulnin Leaves $650,570 to Two Daughters" . The New York Times . 18 July 1913. p. 5. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ a b c MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. p. 331. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ "DUCHESS CONSUELO DEAD.; Widow of Duke of Manchester Had Neuritis--Former Miss Yznaga" . The New York Times . 20 November 1909. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ a b MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. pp. 343–345–346–347. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ Depew, Chauncey M (2013). Titled Americans: A list of American ladies who have married foreigners of rank . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781783660056 . Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ a b Montgomery, Maureen E. (6 August 2013). 'Gilded Prostitution': Status, Money and Transatlantic Marriages, 1870-1914 . Routledge Library Editions. pp. 249– 261. ISBN 9781136214943 . Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Willard, Frances E. ; Livermore, Mary A. (1893). A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred Women in All Walks of Life . Charles Wells Moulton . p. 531. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
^ Jordan, John Woolf (2004). Colonial And Revolutionary Families Of Pennsylvania . Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 458. ISBN 9780806352398 . Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ Lamonthézie, Catherine; Ramona, Philippe (August 2006). "Les mariages de migrants originaires de : États-Unis – N° 117955 / DE ALBUQUERQUE DE BORRALHA Gonçalo Caldeiro Cid Leitao Pinto (Vicomte)" . FranceGenWeb (in French). Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ "Antoinette Polk His Bride: Baron di Charette Married Noted Horse-woman of Tennessee" . The Washington Post . 25 February 1908. p. 12. Retrieved June 27, 2021 – via Newspapers.com .
^ "Mary ('Minnie', née Stevens), Lady Paget (1853-1919), Heiress and society hostess; wife of Sir Arthur Paget; eldest daughter of Paran and Marietta Stevens of New York" . npg.org.uk . National Portrait Gallery, London . Retrieved 1 August 2020 .
^ "Edith, Lady Playfair (Edith Russell)" . Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . 5 January 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. pp. 336–337–343–345. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 26 June 2021 .
^ Italy (1883). Gazzetta ufficiale del regno d'Italia, Partie 2 (in Italian). Italy. p. 1475. Retrieved 28 June 2021 . {{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )
^ "Biography of Telfener, Joseph (1836–1898)" . Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) . 1976. Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ Oliver and Boyd's Edinburgh Almanac and National Repository . Oliver & Boyd. 1915. p. 601. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Alcouffe, Alain; Le Bris, David (11 July 2023). "Georges d'Avenel: an economic historian ahead of its time" . HAL Open Science . p. 6. Retrieved 8 January 2024 .
^ "BURKE-ROCHE GETS A WRIT; He Obtains an Order for the Production of His Daughter. ALLEGES SHE IS DETAINED The Father Charges that His ex-Wife, Who Was Miss Fannie Work, Deprives the Child of Her Liberty" . The New York Times . 21 May 1899. Retrieved 26 October 2017 .
^ "A REGAL WEDDING FEAST; MARRIAGE OF MISS SHARON AND SIR THOMAS HESKETH. Senator Sharon's Belmont Mansion Ablaze With Light and Hung With Flowers--An Entertainment Which Surpassed The Reception to Gen. Grant" (PDF) . The New York Times . 2 January 1881. Retrieved 20 January 2013 .
^ "MARRIAGE OF SIR JOHN LISTER KAYE" (PDF) . The New York Times . 6 December 1881. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | MORES, MARQUIS DE (1858-1896)" . plainshumanities.unl.edu . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "SIR SIDNEY WATERLOW'S AMERICAN WIFE" . The New York Times . 7 April 1882. Retrieved 26 June 2021 .
^ a b Taillez, Felix de (2017). Zwei Bürgerleben in der Öffentlichkeit: Die Brüder Fritz Thyssen und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza (in German). Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh. p. 488. ISBN 978-3-657-78445-5 . Retrieved 29 March 2021 .
^ Litchfield, David R. L. (December 2006). The Thyssen Art Macabre . Quartet Books. ISBN 9780704371194 . Retrieved 22 March 2021 .
^ "MISS LEONIE JEROME MARRIED TO A LIEUTENANT IN THE GRENADIER GUARDS AND THE SON OF A PEER" (PDF) . The New York Times . 2 October 1884.
^ MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. p. 333. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ Moskey, Stephen T. (2016). Larz and Isabel Anderson: Wealth and Celebrity in the Gilded Age . iUniverse. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4917-8873-8 . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Tison, Stéphane (2015). Paul d'Estournelles de Constant (PDF) (in French). Presses Universitaires de Rennes. p. 11. ISBN 9782753535893 . Retrieved 24 June 2021 .
^ "BARON VERNON IS DEAD.; He Married Miss Frances Lawrence of New York in 1885" . The New York Times . December 16, 1898. Retrieved 2021-07-08 .
^ "Lady Cook Dies in London at 77. Former Tennie C. Claflin Was Spiritualist and Suffragist Here 50 Years Ago" . The New York Times . January 20, 1923. Retrieved 2008-06-27 .
^ Readmission of Augusta Louise de Haven-Alten to the Status and Privileges of a Citizen of the United States . United States. Congress. House. Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. 1920. p. 48. Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ Depew, Chauncey M (2013). Titled Americans: A list of American ladies who have married foreigners of rank . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781783660056 . Retrieved 23 June 2021 .
^ a b Lee, Edmund Jennings (2009). Lee of Virginia, 1642-1892: Biographical and Genealogical Sketches of the Descendants of Colonel Richard Lee . Heritage Books. p. 387. ISBN 9780788421037 . Retrieved 24 June 2021 .
^ "LADY-YARDE BULLER DIES IN A SANITARIUM AT LIVERMORE" . The San Francisco Call . November 16, 1904. p. 2. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "MARRIED TO HER MARQUIS; THE FINAL ACT IN A STRANGE LIFE STORY. THE FORMER MRS. ADELE LIVINGSTON STEVENS NOW THE WIFE OF THE MARQUIS DE TALLEYRAND PERIGORD. PARIS" (PDF) . The New York Times . January 26, 1887. Retrieved 7 February 2019 .
^ "Adele Livingston Sampson" . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . 20 July 1912. Retrieved 10 February 2019 .
^ a b c d e MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. pp. 351– 353. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "PRINCESS DE POLIGNAC: Heiress to the Singer Sewing Machine Fortune Was 78" . The New York Times . 27 November 1943. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Eagle, Mary Kavanaugh Oldham (1894). "THE ITALIAN WOMAN IN THE COUNTRY. By COUNTESS CORA SLOCOMB DI BRAZZA" . UPenn Digital Library. p. 697. Retrieved 27 June 2021 .
^ "Huwelijksaankondiging Mary Daisy Holman en Ludovic Moncheur" . Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent (in French). 26 October 1887. Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ a b "Mary Holman married Baron Moncheur" . The Washington Herald . 21 October 1906. p. 17. Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "EARL CAMPERDOWN DIES, ENDING TITLE; G. A. P. H. Duncan Refused to Leave Boston on Suc- ceeding to Peerage. LONG WITH ENGINE FIRM Earldom Was Created in Recog- nition of a Victory Over the Dutch Fleet" . The New York Times . 6 December 1933. Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ La Revue mondiale, ancienne Revue des revues - Volume 18 (in French). La Revue mondiale. 1998. p. 16. Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ Richard J. Evans (2016). The Pursuit of Power: Europe 1815-1914 . Penguin. ISBN 9780735221215 . Retrieved 4 July 2021 .
^ Who's Who, vol. 58, A. & C. Black, 1906, p. 1285
^ Laura Arksey (Fall 1998). "Spokane's English Connection – With the Marriage of Louise Corbin and Robert Walpole, American Wealth Wedded British Aristocracy" (PDF) . Columbia Magazine (Washington State Historical Society ) . p. 7. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ "An American Duchess; the Duke of Marlborough Weds Mrs. Hamersley. a Civil Marriage Before Mayor Hewitt and a Religious Ceremony in Church" . The New York Times . 30 June 1888. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Duchess of Marlborough's Marriage" . The New York Times . 30 April 1895. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Louis Auchincloss (1990). The Vanderbilt Era, Profiles of a Gilded Age . Collier Books. p. 116. ISBN 9780020303107 . Retrieved 23 June 2021 .
^ "Sir Oliver Duncan" . The New York Times . September 26, 1964. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ Edward Walford (1860). The county families of the United Kingdom; Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland . Dalcassian Publishing Company. p. 408. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ "MRS. LORILLARD'S MARRIAGE" . The New York Times . 13 February 1889. Retrieved 8 June 2022 .
^ de Escalada, Carles. "REVISTA 13 - CONDE DE ÁGREDA" . Academia.edu (in Spanish): 35. Retrieved 8 June 2022 .
^ "SOCIETY TOPICS OF THE WEEK" . The New York Times . 27 January 1889. Retrieved 16 March 2021 .
^ "LORD BARRYMORE DIES; Yachtsman, 82, Left a Widow, Formerly Mrs. Arthur Post of New York" . The New York Times . 23 February 1925. Retrieved 16 March 2021 .
^ Rose, William Ganson (1990). Cleveland: The Making of a City . Kent State University Press. p. 496. ISBN 9780873384285 . Retrieved 4 August 2022 .
^ "MISS HUNTINGTON'S WEDDING" . The New York Times . 29 October 1889. Retrieved 25 January 2022 .
^ "COUNT PAPPENHEIM MARRIED; AND MISS MARY W. WHEELER OF PHILADELPHIA BECOMES A COUNTESS" . The New York Times . 30 April 1890. Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ "Miss Clare Ward's Wedding" . The New York Times . 21 May 1890. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ a b Yarnall, James L. (Summer 2006). "John La Farge's Windows for the Caldwell Sisters of Newport" (PDF) . Rhode Island History (Vol. 64, Number 2) . Rhode Island Historical Society Publication. pp. 31– 35. Retrieved August 31, 2022 .
^ Americans Abroad | Paris Correspondence . National Courier, Vol. 4, Issue 6. 1914. p. 17. Retrieved 17 October 2017 .
^ "Helene Leigh" . The British Museum . Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1977). Burke's royal families of the world . Burke's Peerage. p. 210. ISBN 9780850110296 . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "MARRIED TO A MARQUIS.; CELEBRATION OF THE GARNER-BRETEUIL WEDDING AT PAU" . The New York Times . 4 March 1891. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "GUY DE POURTALÈS – Sa vie" . Fondation Guy de Pourtalès (in French). Retrieved 16 July 2021 .
^ Willsey, Joseph H. (1895). Harper's Book of Facts: A Classified History of the World; Embracing Science, Literature, and Art . London: Charlton Thomas Lewis. p. 266.
^ "DEATH OF LORD CALTHORPE" (PDF) . ISLE OF WIGHT OBSERVER . 23 November 1912. Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ "MABEL STEVENS'S MARRIAGE.; GOWNS SHE HAS TO WEAR AND THE SPEECH THE MAYOR MADE" . The New York Times . 29 December 1891. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ a b "BARONESS R. SEILLIERE.; Former Mrs. Charles F. Livermore of New York Dies in Paris" . The New York Times . 16 January 1928. Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ "YESTERDAY'S WEDDINGS | SIERSTORPFF -- KNOWLTON" (PDF) . The New York Times . April 28, 1892. Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ Stirling, Anna Maria Diana Wilhelmina Pickering (1908). Coke of Norfolk and His Friends: The Life of Thomas William Coke, First Earl of Leicester of Holkham, Containing an Account of His Ancestry, Surroundings, Public Services & Private Friendships & Including Many Unpublished Letters from Noted Men of His Day, English & American . J. Lane. pp. 527– 529. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "Wedding Of A New York Girl To An English Colonel" (PDF) . The New York Times . 15 July 1892. Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ "JOHNSTONE -- PINCHOT" . The New York Times . 22 December 1892. Retrieved 26 June 2021 .
^ "Miss Cuyler's Wedding.; Arrangements for the Ceremony to-Day in London" (PDF) . The New York Times . 4 January 1893. Retrieved 19 April 2021 .
^ "WEDDED IN GRANDEST STYLE; NUPTIALS OF MISS MARTIN AND THE EARL OF CRAVEN. Grace Church, Where the Marriage was Celebrated, Filled with Fashionable People -- The Occasion Marred by the Breaking In of the Outside Crowd -- Decorations in Lavish Profusion at Church and House -- A Hundred-Pound Wedding Cake -- Value of the Presents" (PDF) . The New York Times . 19 April 1893. Retrieved 18 June 2021 .
^ "TO BE LADY BLACKWOOD.; EARL DUFFERIN'S SECOND SON TO WED MISS FLORA DAVIS OF NEW-YORK" (PDF) . The New York Times . 19 November 1892. Retrieved 8 November 2017 .
^ "LADY HOWE DIES' IN ENGLISH HOME; Former Flora H. Davis of New York a Victim of Heart Disease Following Influenza" (PDF) . The New York Times . 15 April 1925. Retrieved 8 November 2017 .
^ "MARRIED TO AN EARL.; Miss Adele Grant of New-York Becomes the Countess of Essex" . The New York Times . 15 December 1893. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "WEDDED IN ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL.; Miss Carola Livingston Becomes the Counters Laugier-Villar" . The New York Times . January 25, 1894. Retrieved 21 May 2024 .
^ Social Register, New York . Social Register Association. 1894. p. 10.
^ MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (15 March 2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. p. 324. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 12 June 2021 .
^ Dedet, Joséphine (2012). Géraldine, reine des Albanais (in French). Place des éditeurs. ISBN 9782714452481 . Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ Snyder, Harvey Lee (2015). Afternoon of a Faun: How Debussy Created a New Music for the Modern World . Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 384. ISBN 9781574674828 . Retrieved 30 September 2020 .
^ "PRINCESS PONIATOWSKi WAS MISS E. H. SPERRY" . Los Angeles Herald . 5 August 1911. Retrieved 30 September 2020 .
^ "MARRIED TO A RUSSIAN PRINCE.; Three Wedding Ceremonies for Miss Whittier of New-York" . The New York Times . 24 October 1894. Retrieved 24 June 2021 .
^ "MAY YOHE DENIES IT.; The Actress Says She Is Not Married to Lord Hope" . The New York Times . 1 April 1894. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "The Wedding of Bertrand Russell and Alys Pearsall Smith" . National Portrait Gallery . Retrieved 10 July 2021 .
^ Times, Special Cable To the New York (6 May 1921). "MRS. BERTRAND RUSSELL WINS DIVORCE DECREE; Former Miss Alys Smith of Philadelphia Separated From Well Known Socialist" . The New York Times . Retrieved 10 July 2021 .
^ Minton, Maurice M. (5 March 1895). "NOW A FRENCH COUNTESS; Wedding of Miss Anna Gould to Count de Castellane. MARRIED BY ARCHBISHOP CORRIGAN A Civil Ceremony by Justice Andrews -- The Gould Mansion Lavishly Decorated with Flowers. QUIET TRIP TO LYNDHURST. Gowns of the Bride and Her Maids -- Rare Gifts from Friends -- Feasts for Poor Children" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Diplomat, A. Veteran (12 July 1908). "THE FAMILY INTO WHICH ANNA GOULD MARRIED; Three French Dukedoms and a Prussian Principality Belong to the Talleyrand-Perigords, Historic House Which Has Already Formed Three American Alliances" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "A DAY'S WEDDING.; Cunard -- Burke" . The New York Times . 18 April 1895. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "ALL SOCIETY WAS PRESENT; The Wedding of Nathaniel Curzon, M.P., to Miss Leiter. MRS. CLEVELAND THE BRIDE'S FRIEND The Marriage Ceremony Witnessed by the British Ambassador and Many Foreign Ministers" . The New York Times . 23 April 1895. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "LADY DOUGLAS NOW. The Son of the Marquis of Queensberry Marries the Actress. SHE WAS LORETTA ADDIS" . The San Francisco Call . 1 June 1895. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Cokayne, George Edward; White, Geoffrey H. (1953), The Complete Peerage , vol. XII/1, London: The St Catherine Press, p. 636, ISBN 0-904387-82-8
^ "LORD TANKERVILLE, "SINGING EARL," DIES; Had Possessed a Fine Tenor Voice and Studied Under Italian, Sbriglia. FRENCH KING AN ANCESTOR Served as Sailor, Soldier, Cowpuncher and Evangelist--Enjoyed U.S. Ranch Experience" . The New York Times . 10 July 1931. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ "American Marriage in Paris.; Delphine, Daughter of Gen. Read, Becomes Countess de Foras" . The New York Times . 6 November 1895. p. 6. Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ "SHE IS NOW A DUCHESS; Miss Consuelo Vanderbilt's Marriage to the Duke of Marlborough. GREAT CROWDS CHEER THE BRIDE Thousands of Women Besiege the Young Woman's Home and St. Thomas's Church. GIVEN AWAY BY W.K. VANDERBILT Guests at the Wedding Breakfast -- Departure of Bride and Bridegroom for Oakdale, L.I." The New York Times . 7 November 1895. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Cara Leland Rogers" . historicwomensouthcoast.org . Lighting the Way, Historic Women of the SouthCoast. 31 May 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Miss Nichols Weds a Marquis" , Weekly Republican-Traveler , Page 3, Arkansas City, Kansas, 12 December 1895. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ a b c d e f g h Readmission of Augusta Louise de Haven-Alten to the Status and Privileges of a Citizen of the United States . United States Congress House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. 1920. pp. 56– 57. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "FERNANDO YZNAGA DEAD" (PDF) . The New York Times . 7 March 1901. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ Morgan, Henry James , ed. (1903). Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada . Toronto: Williams Briggs. p. 266 . Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "AMELIE RIVES MARRIED AGAIN; She Became the Bride of Prince Troubetzkoy Yesterday Afternoon" . The New York Times . 19 February 1896. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ a b Moskey, Stephen T. (2016). Larz and Isabel Anderson: Wealth and Celebrity in the Gilded Age . iUniverse. ISBN 9781491788738 . Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "Buisseret, Famille de (fonds, P301)" . Université d’Ottawa (in French). Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ Annual Reunion, Volume 46 . United States Military Academy. Association of Graduates. June 1915. p. 54. Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ Fox-Sheinwold, Patricia (2000). "Caldwell, Mary Gwendolin Byrd (1863-1909), philanthropist and socialite" . American National Biography . Oxford University Press. doi :10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.2001268 . Retrieved August 18, 2022 .
^ O'Beirne, Tirzah (17 November 2002). "Mary Gwendoline Caldwell" . The Catholic University of America . American Catholic History Research Center and University Archives. Retrieved 31 August 2022 .
^ "Count F. de Janze, Sportsman, Dead" . The New York Times . December 25, 1933. p. 23. Retrieved July 30, 2021 .
^ "Von Ketteler–Ledyard" (PDF) . The New York Times . 25 February 1897. Retrieved 22 June 2019 .
^ "VON MATUSCHKA MARRIED. The Hungarian Count Weds the Wealthy Miss Walker in Detroit" . The New York Times . 16 June 1897. Retrieved 1 December 2020 .
^ "PRINCE OF THURN AND TAXIS IS DEAD; Alexander, Active in Various Commercial Enterprises, Owned Vast Estates MARRIED DETROIT WOMAN He Headed Younger Branch of Family-Former Member of Austrian Privy Council" . The New York Times . 12 March 1937. Retrieved 15 October 2022 .
^ MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. p. 327. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ William Barton McCash (1989). The Jekyll Island Club: Southern Haven for America's Millionaires . University of Georgia Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780820310701 . Retrieved 15 September 2021 .
^ "A COUNTESS NOW. An American Beauty Who Was Won by a German Diplomat" . Mariposa Gazette, Volume XLIV, Number 50 . 27 May 1899. Retrieved 15 September 2021 .
^ "Mrs. McKay Marries a Foreigner" . The Daily Journal (Telluride, Colorado) . Washington. April 18, 1899. Retrieved 15 September 2021 .
^ Gabrielan, Randall (1996). Shrewsbury . Arcadia Publishing. p. 89. ISBN 9780738564203 . Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ Mosley, Charles , ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. p. 3997. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1 .
^ "GRANT WEDDING PRESENTS; Rich and Varied Gifts for Prince Cantacuzene and His Bride. DUKE VLADIMIR GIVES AN ICON Rooms full of Valuable Jewels Articles of Silver and Fine Glass, Pearl and Gold Ornaments, &c" . The New York Times . 23 September 1899. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "BARON DE BUSH KILLED.; Well-Known Chemist Falls in Front of a Train in England - Married Miss Pauline Joran" . The New York Times . 25 July 1903. Retrieved 17 February 2022 .
^ "Arthur Hamilton Lee, Viscount Lee of Fareham – Politician, Soldier and Philanthropist" . Westminster Abbey Library . Retrieved 29 August 2024 .
^ "AMERICAN GIRL WED IN LONDON.; Lily WhiteHouse the Bride of Capt. the Hon. C.J. Coventry" . The New York Times . 17 January 1900. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "Hon. Lily Coventry (née Whitehouse) (active 1900-died 1970), Wife of Hon. Charles John Coventry; daughter of William Fitzhugh Whitehouse (NPG x120538 and NPG x120539)" . National Portrait Gallery, London . 27 April 1920. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Famille Hotinguer/Hottinguer Family, Family Tree , famillehottinguer.com , 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
^ "Edith M. Van Buren becomes a baroness" . San Francisco Call . 14 July 1900. Retrieved 15 September 2021 .
^ "DUKE OF MANCHESTER WEDS MISS ZIMMERMAN; Married to Daughter of Cincinnati Railway Man Nov. 14. RELATIVES NOT NOTIFIED Dowager Duchess Did Not Credit Report Until Examination of Register of London Church Convinced Her It Was True" (PDF) . The New York Times . 20 November 1900. Retrieved 13 April 2017 .
^ "MANCHESTER EX-WIFE MARRIED TO KINTORE; Duchess, Cincinnati Heiress, Secretly Wed to Scottish Earl in Edinburgh" . The New York Times . 25 November 1937. Retrieved 6 April 2020 .
^ "AMERICAN WOMAN MARRIES A COUNT - Paris Sees One of the Most Stylish Weddings in Years" . Buffalo Courier . 18 November 1900. p. 9. Retrieved 2 October 2020 .
^ "Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson (1853-1937), Actor and theatre manager" . National Portrait Gallery, London . Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "GERTRUDE ELLIOTT, STARRED ON STAGE; Widow of Forbes-Robertson and Sister of Maxine Elliott Dies in England at 76" . The New York Times . 27 December 1950. Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "Cincinnati Girl Weds a Count" . The New York Times . 20 February 1901. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Massie, Robert Kinloch (2003). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea . Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-40878-0 .
^ "BERESFORD-M1LLER. PROVIDENCE. R. I.. June 17. Hon. William Beresford, son of the late Lord Decies, of England, and Miss Florence Miller, daughter of Dr. Gardiner L. Miller, of this city, were married at noon to-day at St. Stephen's Episcopal Church by the Rev. George McClellan Fiske, the pastor" . Indianapolis Journal , Volume 51, Number 169 (Hoosier State Chronicles) . June 18, 1901. p. 3. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "Mrs. Satterfield and her Happy Home" , Western New York History , 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
^ "Marie Satterfield & Count Franz Joseph Von Larisch. Wedded Beneath Stately Elms (Page 6)" . The Buffalo Review . 28 June 1901. Retrieved 7 November 2020 .
^ "COUNT'S TALE OF EXTORTION.; Austrian Nobleman Who Married Miss Satterfield Testifies Against Money Lenders" . The New York Times . 21 October 1903. Retrieved 7 November 2020 .
^ "A GREAT SENSATION IN ROME" . The Deseret News . 9 July 1902. p. 1. Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ a b "GOLDEN BRIDES. AMERICAN GIRLS ENDOW TITLES WITH £32.000.000" . The Star (Christchurch) , Issue 8565 . 6 March 1906. p. 2. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "Miss Helen Morton to Wed Count de Perigord" . The New York Times . August 29, 1901. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "DUKEDOM GOES WITH CASTLE.; Comte Boson de Perigord, Who Married Miss Helen Morton, Buys the Chateau de Valencay" . The New York Times . 26 October 1901. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "Duchess of Valencay Sues for a Divorce" . The New York Times . June 7, 1904. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "MISS HAZEL SINGER MARRIED.; She Weds Prince John Ghika at the Roumanian Church in Paris" . The New York Times . 20 December 1901. Retrieved 16 August 2023 .
^ "MISS HAZEL SINGER BECOMES PRINCE'S BRIDE" . The San Francisco Call . 19 December 1901. Retrieved 16 August 2023 .
^ "Hommage à la princesse Ghika (1882-1951)" . Archives Municipales de la Ville de Cannes (in French). Retrieved 16 August 2023 .
^ Emerson, Maureen (2018). Riviera Dreaming: Love and War on the Côte d'Azur . Bloomsbury Publishing . p. 80. ISBN 9781786733382 . Retrieved 16 August 2023 .
^ MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. p. 309. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ Oliver, Nettie. "A Louisville Belle's Marriage to a Scottish Baronet" . The Filson Historical Society . Retrieved 15 October 2022 .
^ "BRITISH BARONET SEEKS DIVORCE IN MEXICO; Sir Charles Ross, Inventor of the Ross Rifle, Files Suit Against Kentucky Wife" . The New York Times . 9 July 1928. Retrieved 15 October 2022 .
^ "BARONET MUST PAY WIFE.; She Wins Washington Decision in Suit Against Sir Charles Ross" . The New York Times . 25 April 1931. Retrieved 15 October 2022 .
^ "Gives up her title to wed an American" . Arizona Daily Star . 11 May 1913. p. 8. Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "An American Baroness" . Evening star . January 15, 1902. p. 8. Retrieved July 12, 2021 .
^ Donovan, Timothy B. (1981). The Governors of Arkansas . The University of Arkansas Press. p. 44. ISBN 9781610751711 . Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ "MISS WINANS MARRIED.; Daughter of Walter Winans Weds Sir Merrik Burrell in London" . The New York Times . 12 February 1902. p. 7. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch der gräflichen Häuser (in German). Justus Perthes. 1920. p. 548. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ Cunliffe-Owen, Frederick (25 September 1921). "BAVARIA'S RULER HAS AMERICAN WIFE; Former Detroit Girl's Husband, Count von Lerchenfeld" . The New York Times . Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ Times, Special Cable To The New York (28 September 1902). "THE D'ARAMON-BELL WEDDING.; Brilliant Social Function at the Church of St. Honors d'Eylau, Paris, Attended by Paris-American Society" . The New York Times . Retrieved 31 January 2022 .
^ "What Is Doing in Society" . The New York Times . 27 December 1902. p. 7. Retrieved 28 January 2022 .
^ "Married – LINDSAY-HENDERSON" . The New York Times . 27 December 1902. p. 9. Retrieved 15 July 2020 .
^ "MRS. M.L. TAILER'S WEDDING.; Will Be, or Has Become, the Bride of the Hon. Cecil Baring, in London, It Is Said" . The New York Times . 10 November 1902. p. 9. Retrieved 14 July 2020 .
^ "WEDDINGS OF A DAY; De Neuflize--Barbey" . The New York Times . 11 February 1903. Retrieved 16 July 2021 .
^ "EARL OF YARMOUTH WINS MISS THAW; Titled English Actor and American Heiress Will Wed. Acquaintance Began Three Months Ago -- Bride-Elect Worth $1,000,000, and Will Inherit More Millions" . The New York Times . 18 February 1903. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON" . The New York Times . 26 May 1903. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "BARONESS DE RAMSAY DIES IN CANNES AT 62; Former Frances Whitehouse of Boston Was Wife of Czar's Master of Ceremonies" (PDF) . The New York Times . January 28, 1936. Retrieved August 1, 2021 .
^ "MISS WHITEHOUSE TO MARRY.; Eldest Daughter of W. FitzHugh White- House to Wed a Russian Nobleman" (PDF) . The New York Times . 23 April 1903. Retrieved August 1, 2021 .
^ "Lord Bagot Marries Miss May" . The New York Times . 26 July 1903. Retrieved 24 March 2021 .
^ "THE ROXBURGHE WEDDING; Private Rehearsal Held at St. Thomas's Church. Programme of Today's Ceremony -- Simple Reception to Follow at the Goelet Residence -- Some of the Gifts" (PDF) . The New York Times . 10 November 1903. Retrieved 13 April 2017 .
^ "President's Cousin Weds" . Lewiston Evening Teller. Lewiston, Idaho . 25 November 1903. p. 6. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ "Constance Livermore, wife of Count Odom de Lubersac of Paris" . Bisbee Daily Review (Arizona) . 28 November 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ "AMERICAN BRIDE FOR COUNT.; Miss Eleanor Patterson Becomes the Countess Gizycki of Poland" . The New York Times . 15 April 1904. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "TO MARRY A FRENCH COUNT.; Miss Martha Leishman Engaged to M. de Gontaut-Biron" . The New York Times . 6 June 1904. Retrieved 1 August 2020 .
^ "COUNTESS OF ESSEX INHERITS $591,000; R. Suydam Grant Also Bequeaths Same Amount to Vicomtesse de Breteuil of Paris. NET ESTATE IS $1,325,000 Gifts Made by the Broker to Several Friends Before His Death Escape Inheritance Tax" . The New York Times . 27 August 1915. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ Franz von Lenbach (1903). "Portrait of the Widow Marion Knapp (née Graham, later Baroness Bateman)" . Philadelphia Museum of Art . Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "BROOKLYN GIRL A BARONESS.; Miss Pfizer Married to Baron Bachofen von Echt in Newport" . The New York Times . 6 September 1904. p. 7. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ ELIE BORGRAVE (1905-1992) – BIOGRAPHY of a Belgian abstract artist . Retrieved 19 August 2021.
^ "Pittsburgh Society Girl Has Knot Well Tied" . San Francisco Call . 22 October 1904. Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ "DAISY LEITER MARRIES; Bride of the Earl of Suffolk -- Will Go Abroad This Week" (PDF) . The New York Times . 27 December 1904. Retrieved 18 September 2019 .
^ Chips Channon (2021). Henry 'Chips' Channon: The Diaries (Volume 1): 1918-38 . Simon Heffer (Random House). ISBN 9781473567191 . Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ "Lady Lowther, by John Singer Sargent" . Forum Gallery . Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ "ROSSLYN WEDS AN ACTRESS.; Actor-Earl Is Married to Miss Anna Robinson of This City" . The New York Times . 22 March 1905. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ "GIVE UP $500,000 TO DE BEARN BABIES; Ross Winans's Heirs Act to Stop will Contest by Prince for His Children" . The New York Times . 3 November 1912. p. 1. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ Burke, Nicholas Charles (5 June 1911). "De Bearn v. Prince De Bearn, 81 A. 223 (Md. 1911) – Court of Appeals of Maryland" . Court Listener . Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "Gibson and Shields Families of Baltimore, MD – Beatrice Winans #2185, b. 25 April 1884, d. October 1907" . JSFECMD – Family History Web Sites . 30 November 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "MISS AMY PHIPPS TO WED.; Will Be Married in June to the Hon. Frederick Guest" . The New York Times . 29 April 1905. Retrieved 2 August 2020 .
^ "TO WED PROSPECTIVE EARL.; Miss Sturges Engaged to the Hon. G.C. Montagu, M.P." The New York Times . 15 June 1905.
^ "COUNTESS VON HOLSTEIN" . The New York Times . 1 February 1942. Retrieved 18 April 2022 .
^ "Miss Eloise Breese Weds" (PDF) . The New York Times . 7 December 1905. Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ "WALDORF ASTOR WEDS MRS. NANNIE L. SHAW; Date of Ceremony Advanced to Balk Objecting Clergy. FATHERS TOO ILL TO ATTEND Both W.W. Astor and Mr. Langhorne Suffering from Gout -- Marriage a Quiet One in London" . The New York Times . 4 May 1906. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Baron Portsea, 88, Long in Parliament" . The New York Times . 2 November 1948. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Marriage Announcement" . The New York Times . 9 September 1906. Retrieved 2 April 2022 .
^ "MARRIES AN ENGLISH LORD.; Both Miss Schenley and Baron Ellenborough Said They Wouldn't Wed" . The New York Times . 20 December 1906. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "MISS GODDARD A MARQUISE.; Daughter of Col. Goddard Weds the Marquis d'Andigne at Providence" (PDF) . The New York Times . 30 December 1906. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "THIS MORNING'S GOSSIP" . Daily Mirror . 2 Feb 1907. Retrieved 14 February 2024 .
^ "VON MOLTKE -- THAYER" . The New York Times . 30 June 1907. Retrieved 29 June 2017 .
^ Proceedings of the New England Historic Genealogical Society . New England Historic Genealogical Society. 1919. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ "BARON VON ROMBERG KILLED.; Son-in-Law of E. C. Converse Was Captain of 80th Prussian Fusillers" . The New York Times . 30 September 1914. p. 9.
^ a b Welter, Volker M. (2019). Tremaine Houses: One Family's Patronage of Domestic Architecture in Midcentury America . Getty Publications. pp. 32– 33. ISBN 9781606066140 . Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ "MISS MOORE WEDS THE DUKE TORLONIA; New York Girl Becomes Duchess of Poli at Quiet Wedding in Greenwich" . The New York Times . 1907-08-16. p. 7.
^ "MISS ANNA BREESE WEDS IN LONDON; Fashionable Gathering at Her Marriage with Lord Alastair Innes-Ker. MANY GIFTS FROM ROYALTY Dragoons of the Bridegroom's Regiment Form Arch of Swords as Couple Leaves the Church" . The New York Times . 11 October 1907. Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ "ABYSSINIA ON HONEYMOON.; Miss Amy McMillan Married to Sir John Harrington" . The New York Times . 13 October 1907. p. 9. Retrieved 13 September 2021 .
^ "PLANS ANNOUNCED FOR MANY WEDDINGS; Mrs. Edith Kip McCreery Is Engaged to the Hon. Henry Thomas Coventry" . The New York Times . 18 October 1907. p. 11. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Fernand Paillet (1892). "Edith Kip (ca. 1872-after 1945) [Watercolor on ivory]" . www.nyhistory.org . New-York Historical Society . Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "BARON L. DE GRAFFENRIED; Husband of Former Irma Stern Is Stricken in France at 67" . The New York Times . 15 January 1937. p. 21. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "THE VANDERBILT WEDDING.; Miss Gladys to Become Count Szechenyi's Bride on Jan. 27" . The New York Times . 7 January 1908. Retrieved 28 April 2017 .
^ "THE HOUSE OF SZECHENYI IN MAGYAR ANNALS; Long and Hungarian Family Into Which Miss Gladys Vanderbilt will be Married To-morrow" . The New York Times . 26 January 1908. Retrieved 28 April 2017 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (2 February 1908). "MISS PADELFORD MARRIED.; Daughter of Mrs. Ernest Cunard Weds the Hon. Robert Grosvenor" . The New York Times . Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "MISS SHONTS BRIDE OF DUC DE CHAULNES; Marriage Ceremony Performed After the French Fashion Before Hundreds of Guests. ONE UNTOWARD INCIDENT Party of Wedding Guests Held Up Between Floors for Fifteen Minutes In the Elevator. MISS SHONTS BRIDE OF DUC DE CHAULNES (Published 1908)" . The New York Times . 16 February 1908. Retrieved 12 November 2020 .
^ "FESTETICS YACHT LIBELED FOR WAGES; First and Second Officers Allege Count, Who Is Also Skipper, Kept Back Part of Their Pay" . The New York Times . 4 June 1910. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "WIFE SAYS COUNT TOOK HER FORTUNE; Appears in Federal Suit to Cancel de Tolna's Certificateof Citizenship. SUING HIM FOR DIVORCE" . The New York Times . 12 September 1922. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "BARON VON HILLER'S BRIDE.; German Nobleman Weds Miss Emily B. Barney of Philadelphia" . The New York Times . 7 June 1908. p. 9. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ Emily Barney von Hiller. Jay Cooke Family GENEALOGY . Retrieved 19 August 2021.
^ "MISS REID MARRIED AT ST. JAMES'S; To Mr. Ward, the Bridegroom, the King Says, "Well Done, Johnny." QUEEN KISSES THE BRIDE Brilliant Assemblage in the Chapel Royal and at Dorchester House Afterward" . The New York Times . 24 June 1908. Retrieved 15 November 2017 .
^ "MRS. STETSON A COUNTESS.; Philadelphia Widow Weds Count Santa Eulalia of Portugal" . The New York Times . 24 July 1908. p. 5. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "Elizabeth Shindler Stetson, wife of John B. Stetson, when she married her second husband, Count Alexis de Santa Eulalia from Portugal". 1908. Stetson University Archives – Stetson Family Collection . Retrieved 19 August 2021.
^ "BARONESS ARRANGES HER THIRD WEDDING; Former Miss. Pickhardt Forgot Divorce Papers from von Colburg in Hastening Here. CITY CLERK GIVES LICENSE And She Becomes the Bride of Lieut. Zollner of the German Cav- alry To-day" . The New York Times . April 9, 1910. p. 11. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ Robenalt, James David (2009). The Harding Affair: Love and Espionage during the Great War . Palgrave Macmillan . p. 31. ISBN 978-0-230-60964-8 . Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ "REPORT MISS MILLS ENGAGED. Announcement of Intention to Wed Lord Granard Not Confirmed Here" (PDF) . The New York Times . December 14, 1908. Retrieved 27 July 2018 .
^ "GERMAN COUNT WEDS GIFTED DAUGHTER OF AMBASSADOR WHITE" . Los Angeles Herald , Volume 36, Number 210 . 29 April 1909. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "HENRY WHITE WEDS MRS. WM.D. SLOANE; Ex-Ambassador to France Is 70 and Daughter of Late Wm. H. Vanderbilt Is 68" . The New York Times . 4 November 1920. p. 13. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "MRS. SCHMID WEDS PRINCE DEL DRAGO; Brewer's Widow, Reputed Worth $10,000,000, Marries Distant Cousin of King Alfonso" . The New York Times . 23 May 1909. p. 1. Retrieved 12 September 2022 .
^ "BEATRICE THAW MARRIED.; Daughter of Pittsburger Weds Don Francesco Theodoli in Rome" . The New York Times . 4 June 1909. Retrieved 20 August 2020 .
^ "HAZEL MARTYN TRUDEAU WEDS; Chicago Woman Marries John Lavery, the Artist, in London" . The New York Times . 22 July 1909. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (12 September 1909). "AN EMBASSY WEDDING.; Miss Breckinridge Becomes the Bride of an Englishman In Paris" . The New York Times . Retrieved 1 March 2021 .
^ "MISS STEWART WEDS; HOLDS TO HER FAITH; Becomes Bride of Prince Miguel, but Has Not Entered the Catholic Church. PRINCE RETAINS RIGHTS Has Not Yielded His Place in Line of Succession to the Throne -- Royalty at the Wedding" . The New York Times . 16 September 1909. Retrieved 27 September 2017 .
^ "FRENCH MARQUIS WEDS MISS HENNING; Antoine de Charette and Only Daughter of J.W. Henning Married in St. Patrick's Cathedral. POPE SENDS HIS BLESSING Wedding Breakfast and Reception at Metropolitan Club" . The New York Times . 12 November 1909. Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ Kleber, John E. (2014). The Encyclopedia of Louisville . University Press of Kentucky. p. 381. ISBN 9780813149745 . Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to The NEW YORK (30 November 1909). "LORD GREVILLE VERY ILL.; Honeymoon of His Son, Capt. Greville, and His Bride Interrupted" (PDF) . The New York Times . Retrieved 25 June 2021 .
^ "AMERICAN WOMEN ARE PARIS BRIDES" . The New York Times . 24 October 1909. p. 31. Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "MISS HARRIET DALY AND COUNT SIGRAY MARRY" . San Francisco Call , Volume 107, Number 120 . 30 March 1910. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "PRESIDENT ATTENDS MISS HOYT'S WEDDING; Sees Daughter of Counsellor of State Department Wedded to Fredinand von Stumm. MISS BROWNSON A BRIDE Youngest Daughter of Rear Admiral Married to Lieut. Com. T. C. Hart--Admiral and Mrs. Dewey Guests" . The New York Times . 31 March 1910. Retrieved 28 January 2022 .
^ "MISS DREXEL WEDS VISCOUNT MAIDSTONE; St. Margaret's, Westminster, Thronged at Nuptials of Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Drexel. 8,000 OUTSIDE THE CHURCH Many Americans Attend Ceremony—Ten Pretty Bridesmaids in Procession—Reception at Drexel Home" (PDF) . The New York Times . 9 June 1910. Retrieved 30 January 2020 .
^ "VISCOUNT ACHESON TO WED MISS CARTER; Daughter of American Minister Carter Will Be Married in London in June. MET THREE YEARS AGO Fiance, Heir of the Earl of Gosford, Fought with Coldstream Guards In South African War" (PDF) . The New York Times . 22 February 1910. Retrieved 2 March 2020 .
^ MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol McD. (2012). To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery in the Gilded Age (An Inspiration for Downton Abbey) . Workman Publishing. p. 345. ISBN 9780761171980 . Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "Elizabeth Eliot engaged to marry, granddaughter of late Arthur Post, father an usher to King, uncle the Earl of St. Germans" . The New York Times . 19 January 1932. Retrieved 1 August 2020 .
^ "PRINCESS RADZIWILL WINS ANNULMENT; She Was Miss Dorothy Deacon and Was Married in London in 1910" . The New York Times . 11 January 1922. Retrieved 9 August 2022 .
^ "MISS RIPLEY BRIDE OF COUNT CASTEL Niece of James H. Hyde Married to Member of Orleans Family of France" (PDF) . The New York Times . October 16, 1910. Retrieved 23 June 2021 .
^ "VAVASSEUR-FISHER MARRIED.; Son of Lord Fisher Weds Miss Jane Morgan, Noted Yachtswoman" . The New York Times . 23 November 1910. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Times, Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph To the New York (5 February 1911). "LATEST SCANDAL IN FRENCH SOCIETY; Comte Claude de Choiseul-Praslin Accused of Swindling by Means of False "Old Masters." " . The New York Times . Retrieved 18 September 2021 .
^ "Once Kentucky Country Girl Now Rules In Proud Chateau" . The Washington Times . 26 December 1910. p. 2. Retrieved 18 September 2021 .
^ The Spur – Volume 21 . Angus Company. 1918. p. 26. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "Mr. and Mrs. G.J. Gould May Formally Announce Daughter's Engagement on Jan. 19" . New York Times . December 15, 1910. Retrieved 2009-02-02 . The engagement of the season, one interesting abroad as well as in New York, Is that of Miss Vivien Gould, second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George J. Gould, and Lord Decies. While the engagement has not as yet been formally announced by the Gould family, Lord Decies, on the eve of his sailing for England, has admitted to his friends that it is true.
^ "SEQUEL TO STIRLING DIVORCE CASE – LORD CHOLMONDELEY MARRIES MRS. STIRLING (12 March 1911)" . The Barrier Miner . 22 April 1911. p. 2. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "Couldn't Find Happiness with the Handsomest Man in England" (PDF) . Chronicling America . 24 April 1920. p. 7. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Times, Special Cable to The New York (12 October 1912). "WEDS GERMAN DUKE, HER CHILDREN SUE; Want Former Mrs. Pratt Tibbitts Removed as Executrix of Their Father's Will" . The New York Times . Retrieved 4 July 2021 .
^ a b "KITTY ROTHSCHILD, WIFE OF BARON, 62" . The New York Times . 10 October 1946. Retrieved 21 May 2024 .
^ a b "Cathleen (Kitty) von Rothschild (nee Wolff) (1885-1946)" . The Rothschild Archives . Retrieved 21 May 2024 .
^ The New York Times Staff (12 February 1914). " 'Princess' Thurn Alleges Blackmail" (PDF) . The New York Times . Retrieved 17 August 2010 .
^ "Wm. Watts Sherman Dead. Prominent in New York Society and Father of Lady Camoys" (PDF) . The New York Times . January 23, 1912. Retrieved August 1, 2021 .
^ "WON HER AFTER SEVEN YEARS; Miss Hill to Marry French Officer to Whom Her Parents Objected" . The New York Times . 4 December 1911. Retrieved 13 August 2021 .
^ "Marguerite Caetani Dead at 83; Literary Editor Was a Duchess" . The New York Times . 19 December 1963. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Small Talk" . The Sketch (on British Newspaper Archive ) . 5 June 1912. p. 28. Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ John Singer Sargent (1912). "Kate Apponyi, née Nelke (1893-1977)" . National Trust Collections . Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ "MRS. J. J. EMERY MARRIES; Widow Weds Hon. Alfred Anson in St. Bartholomew's Chapel" (PDF) . The New York Times . 2 July 1912. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "MISS HECKSCHER WEDS O. S. B. BRETT Son. of Viscount Esher of England Married to Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. August Heckscher. | CEREMONY AT WINCOMA | Some of the Guests Arrive on Heckscher Yacht—Bridal Pair Sail on the Mauretania" (PDF) . The New York Times . 2 October 1912. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "MISS WARREN WEDS COUNT; Few at Ceremony, Owing to Mrs. Goelet's Death" . The New York Times . 20 December 1912. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Edward Walford (1860). The county families of the United Kingdom; Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland . Dalcassian Publishing Company. p. 699. Retrieved 2021-06-27 .
^ Times (7 February 1913). "MISS STALLO WEDS IN PARIS; Marriage to Prince Murat Celebrated in Church of St. Honore d'Eylau" . The New York Times . Retrieved 20 March 2020 .
^ "MANY INTERESTING WEDDINGS AND ENGAGEMENTS" . The New York Times . 26 January 1913. p. 3. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "MRS. PRATT WEDS A PRINCE.; American Becomes Bride of Alexis Karageorgevitch in Paris" . The New York Times . 12 June 1913. Retrieved 21 June 2021 .
^ "Carolyn Foster Stickney, Princess Aymon de Faucigny Lucinge. Country Girl Now a Princess; With $ 20,000,000 Was Lonely" . El Paso Herald . 12 July 1913. p. 11. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "MISS LEISHMAN WEDS DUKE OF CROY; Ex-Ambassador's Daughter Was Married Very Quietly Yesterday in Geneva, Switzerland" . The New York Times . 25 October 1913. Retrieved 27 June 2021 .
^ "COLORADO HEIRESS TO WED.; Miss Gladys McMIllan Engaged to Count Paul Cornet of Brussels" . The New York Times . 24 December 1913. Retrieved 14 September 2021 .
^ Times, Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph To the New York (20 February 1914). "WEDDED TO COUNT CORNET.; Miss Gladys McMillan, Colorado Heiress, Is Married in Paris" . The New York Times . Retrieved 14 September 2021 .
^ "VISCOUNT DANGAN WEDS A SHOW GIRL; Peer Marries Miss Picard, Who Was with Him in the Cast of a Musical Comedy" . The New York Times . 26 February 1914. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ "EARL COWLEY SEEKS A DIVORCE IN RENO; British Peer Accuses Former Actress of Desertion" . The New York Times . 28 April 1914. p. 15. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (30 May 1926). "LORD COWLEY ASKS DIVORCE; "Actor Earl" Married May Picard, an Actress, Here in 1914" . The New York Times . p. 5. Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ a b "Beautiful Reno Girl and English Lord to Marry" . Nevada State Journal . 18 June 1933. p. 1. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ "MRS. A.L. NORRIE TO WED. Widow's Engagement to Count De Jumilhac Announced in Paris" (PDF) . The New York Times . May 20, 1914. Retrieved 16 July 2021 .
^ "PRINCE AND BRIDE TO VISIT ARCTIC SEAS; Francesco Rospigliosi and Miss Laura Stallo Married in Paris, to Become Explorers" . The New York Times . 1 July 1914. Retrieved 20 March 2020 .
^ Csaplár-Degovits, Krisztián (2019). These were hard times for Skanderbeg, but he had an ally, the Hungarian Hunyadi . Acta Balcano Hungarica 1. p. 203–218.
^ "Sir Robert Hyde Greg, by Walter Stoneman (NPG x167960)" . National Portrait Gallery, London . Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ "Sir Robert Greg" . The British Museum . Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ Jean Giraudoux (2005). Cahiers n°32 – Lettres à Suzanne II 1915-1943 (in French). Éditions Grasset . ISBN 9782246788140 . Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ Almanach de Gotha . Justus Perthes . 1929. p. 480.
^ "To wed nephew of Kaiser" . The Washington Reporter . 22 December 1914. p. 1. Retrieved 1 April 2021 .
^ "WILL WED GERMAN PRINCE.; Miss E.R. Rogers Engaged to Christian, a Captain in the Navy" . The New York Times . 16 December 1914. Retrieved 1 April 2021 .
^ "Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse has recently bestowed the title of Baroness von Barchfeld upon an American woman, Elizabeth Rogers of Washington, D.C. (...)" . Chicago Tribune . 18 May 1915. p. 6. Retrieved 1 April 2021 .
^ "COMMENTS ON PIGNATELLI.; Mrs. Waters, Bride's Mother, Says "I Hardly Know the Prince." " . The New York Times . 6 May 1915. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "Prince Pignatelli Wins an Heiress at Last – Miss Ruth Waters, Who Has Ended the Prince's Wife Chase by Becoming the Princess Pignatelli" . Richmond Times-Dispatch . 23 May 1915. p. 5. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "Becomes Bride of Titled Italian" . The Washington Post . 5 July 1915. Retrieved 27 November 2019 .
^ Edward Walford (1860). The county families of the United Kingdom; Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland . Dalcassian Publishing Company. p. 928. Retrieved 2021-07-30 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (17 August 1915). "MRS. EVELYN FRANCIS WEDS; New York Society Woman Marries Count de Perigny" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "MISS SLOANE TO WED FRENCH BARON; Second Daughter of Henry T. Sloane Engaged to Amaury de La Grange of Paris. HE IS NOW AT THE FRONT Fiancee Is Secretary of the Lafayette Fund;- The Wedding to be Held in France" (PDF) . The New York Times . 28 August 1915. Retrieved 24 June 2021 .
^ "AMERICAN DUCHESS DIES OF PNEUMONIA'; Lily, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Former Natalie Oelrichs, Stricken in West" (PDF) . The New York Times . February 24, 1931. Retrieved 28 June 2018 .
^ The Inquirer, Special Cable to (17 November 1923). "U.S. DUCHESS OF MYSTERY IS TO MARRY AGAIN" . The Philadelphia Inquirer . p. 33. Retrieved 4 July 2021 .
^ "COUNT MINOTTO MARRIES.; Wedding to Miss Ida May Swift Takes Place In Chicago" . The New York Times . 16 January 1916. Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ Westbrook, Shelby F. (2009). Bolo Pacha: A Forgotten Story About Men & Women Who Made History in WWI . Trafford Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 9781426978166 . Retrieved 19 August 2021 .
^ "Summer Social Register" . The Social Register Association . July 1916. p. 88. Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ "WEDS BARON TORPHICHEN.; Miss Grace D. Pierce of New York Is Married in London" . The New York Times . 4 June 1916. p. 21. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ "Princess Margaret Preston Draper (Boncompagni) to undergo medical treatment" . The Baltimore Sun . 22 March 1922. p. 8. Retrieved 5 July 2021 .
^ "AMERICAN PRINCESS IS DEAD IN VIENNA; Former Catharine Britton of Washington Wed to Prince Alfred Hohenlohe in 1916" . The New York Times . 25 June 1929. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "CURZON OF KEDLESTON IS TO MARRY AGAIN; New Leader of the British House of Lords to Wed Mrs. Duggan, Former American" . The New York Times . 11 December 1916. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Former Mrs. Gould Divorced From Prince. Vlora of Albania Fails to Appear in Paris Court to Contest Suit" . New York Times . October 11, 1922. Retrieved 2010-08-12 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (24 May 1916). "WILL WED VISCOUNT'S SON.; Peggy Rush, Actress, to Marry the Hon. George St. John Brodrick" . The New York Times . Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "MISS POLK NOW A COUNTESS; Her French Soldier Husband Is Count de Buyer Mimeuse" . The New York Times . 21 September 1917. Retrieved 3 September 2024 .
^ "Eva Gebhard, Baroness Gourgaud (NPG x121932)" . National Portrait Gallery, London . 6 October 1922. Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ Jacques Macé (October 2019). "La saga des Gourgaud, de Yerres à la Fondation Napoléon, 1857–2019" . Fondation Napoléon (in French). Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ "Eva Gebhard (1876-1959)" . Data BNF (in French). Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ "Gebhardt, Eva (1876-1959)" . Archives Nationales (France) (in French). Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ Carly, Michel (2019). Simenon, le bonheur à La Rochelle (in French). Place des éditeurs. ISBN 9782258161801 . Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ "Baroness Fern Andra to Wed" . The New York Times . 17 November 1935. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "MRS. J.B. EUSTIS WEDS A MARQUIS; Becomes a Catholic to Marry Head of Junior Branch of de Polignac Family. CEREMONY IN CATHEDRAL Bridegroom, a Former Aviator, Is One of the Best Known Sportsmen in France" . The New York Times . 25 October 1917. Retrieved 24 May 2021 .
^ "MRS. F. BLUMENTHAL IS NOW A DUCHESS; Widow of New York Merchant Wed to the Duke of Montmorency in Paris.CAPTAIN IN FRENCH ARMY Ambassador Sharp Escorts Bride tothe Altar in the Church of ..." The New York Times . 17 November 1917. Retrieved 8 July 2024 .
^ Times, the New York Times Company Special Cable To the New York (4 June 1921). "DUCHESS OF OPORTO COMING; The Former Miss Nevada Hayes Sails on the Aquitania Today" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "GEN. SPEARS DIES; HELPED DE GAULLE" . The New York Times . 28 January 1974. Retrieved 11 November 2024 .
^ International News Service (27 March 1918). "Ethel Crocker Weds French Count Who Is War Birdman" . Los Angeles Herald , Volume XLIII, Number 125. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "Alfred de Ropp, Jr., Married at San Francisco" . San Pedro News-Pilot , Volume 6, Number 139 . 14 March 1919. Retrieved 13 August 2021 .
^ "Galitzin-Simpson" . American Art News . XVII (30): 8. May 3, 1919. Retrieved 19 December 2015 .
^ Times, the New York Times Company Special Cable To the New York (2 June 1919). "First Mrs. John Jacob Astor Is Wedded to Lord Ribblesdale in London Church" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Miss Edith Mortimer To Become Countess" . New York Tribune . 29 May 1919. p. 11. Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ "COUNTESS DI ZAPPOLA GETS DECREE IN PARIS; Former Edith Mortimer Married Here in 1919, Obtains Joint Custody of Child" . The New York Times . 3 February 1929. Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ "Paid Notice: Deaths WHARTON, MARA DI ZOPPOLA" . The New York Times . 3 October 2007. Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ a b G. Wayne Miller (2011). An Uncommon Man: The Life & Times of Senator Claiborne Pell . University Press of New England. p. 81. ISBN 9781611681871 . Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ "Social Register, Summer" . Social Register Association . 1914. p. 52. Retrieved 2 July 2022 .
^ "American Wives Preside Over Many Foreign Embassies" (PDF) . New-York Tribune . 21 March 1920. p. 7. Retrieved 2 July 2022 .
^ "BARONESS LEFT $685,026; Marie de Cartier, American-Born, Set Up Life Estates for Heirs" . The New York Times . 9 June 1937. p. 27. Retrieved 2 July 2022 .
^ Krebs, Albin (3 August 1987). "Pola Negri, a Vamp of the Silent Screen, Dies at 88" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Staff (December 5, 1919). "Frances Lawrance Asks 160,000-Franc Allowance to Wed Prince Poniatowski" (PDF) . The New York Times . Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ "MISS LAWRANCE WEDS PRINCE'S SON Daughter of Mrs. Francis C. Lawrance of New York Marries Andre Poniatowski. | CEREMONY HELD IN PARIS | Bride is Sister of Baroness Ribblesdale, Once the Wife of the late Colonel John Jacob Astor" (PDF) . The New York Times . December 29, 1919. Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ "MRS. LEEDS WED TO PRINCE CHRISTOPHER; Tinplate Manufacturer's Widow Marries Brother of Ex-King Constantine of Greece. GENEVA CIVIL CEREMONY Wedding in Greek Church at Vevey Today--Bride Brings $14,000,000 Into Royal Family" . The New York Times . 1 February 1920. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "HELENE HARPER WEDS COUNT DE ST. PHALLE; Daughter of Prominent New York and Paris Lawyer Marries Banker at Father's Chateau" . The New York Times . 7 April 1920. p. 11.
^ a b "JACQUELINE HARPER WEDS FRENCH COUNT; American Lawyer's Daughter Marries Andre de St. Pha!le at Chateau de Fillervai. FAMILIES TWICE UNITED Helene, an Elder Sister of Bride. Is Wife of Bridegroom's Brother Alexandre" . The New York Times . 7 June 1927. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Mosley, Charles , ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. pp. 3192– 3193. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1 .
^ "BARON DU TERRAGE MARRIES RUTH KING; Lieutenant of French Dragoons Weds Daughter of Late Mr. and Mrs. David H. King, Jr" . The New York Times . 5 November 1920. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "MISS GUGGENHEIM WEDS LORDS STUART; Nuptial of Daughter of Solomon Guggenheim of New York a Brilliant London Event" . The New York Times . 17 December 1920. Retrieved 11 September 2020 .
^ "MARLBOROUGH WILL WED GLADYS DEACON; Dukes Engagement to Former Friend of His Ex-Wife Announced in London.BRIDE-TO-BE WELL KNOWNHas Several Times Been Reported Engaged to Marry Members of European Nobility" . The New York Times . 2 June 1921. Retrieved 21 March 2020 .
^ "CANTACUZENE HAS SECOND BRIDAL RITE; Prince and Miss Clarissa P. Curtis Married in Little Episcopal Church in Nahant, Mass" . The New York Times . 28 June 1921. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ "LORD QUEENBOROUGH WEDS MISS MILLER; British Peer Quietly Marries Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Starr Miller IN FIFTH AVENUE HOME Thirty Relatives at Second Marriage of Son-in-Law of Late W.C. Whitney--Sail Soon for England. Bride's Father Gives Her Away. Lord Queenborough's Second Marriage" . The New York Times . 20 July 1921. Retrieved 27 September 2017 .
^ a b Spicer, Paul (2010). The Temptress. The Scandalous Life of Alice, Countess de Janzé . Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN 9780857200105 . Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ "Alice Silverthorne is Vicomte's Bride" . The New York Times . 22 September 1921. Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ "AMERICAN COUNTESS SHOOTS ENGLISHMAN AND SELF IN PARIS; Former Alice Silverthorne of Chicago and Raymond de Trafford in Grave State. HER WEDDING BRILLIANT ONE Count de Janze and His Bride, a Niece of Mrs. J.O. Armour, Had Honeymoon on Long Island" . The New York Times . 27 March 1927. Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ "MISS GORDON WEDS DUKE OF CRUSSOL; New York Girl's Marriage to Son of Duchess D'Uzes Followed by French Festival. MAY BE RANKING DUCHESS" . The New York Times . 11 October 1921. Retrieved 29 March 2021 .
^ Times, Wireless To the New York (13 January 1926). "SUES PRINCE RADZIWILL.; Ex-Wife, Formerly Miss Deacon, Demands Funds for Daughter" . The New York Times . Retrieved 9 August 2022 .
^ Richmond, Clint (2014). Fetch the Devil: The Sierra Diablo Murders and Nazi Espionage in America . ForeEdge. p. 220. ISBN 9781611685619 . Retrieved 2 July 2022 .
^ "LORD CARNARVON DIVORCED; Former Catherine Wendell of New York Wins Decree in Britain" . The New York Times . 23 April 1936. Retrieved 1 August 2020 .
^ "SIR PAUL DUKES, A SECRET AGENT; Briton Who Spied in Russia in World War I Dies at 78" . The New York Times . 28 August 1967. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "MRS. RUTHERFURD BECOMES PRINCESS; Stepdaughter of Late W.K. Vanderbilt Weds Prince Charles Murat in Paris" . The New York Times . 9 July 1929. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES (23 July 1926). "EARL DEFENDS US IN DEBT ATTACKS; Denbigh Says Mid-West Must Be Told Facts and Decries Abuse and Cartoons" . The New York Times . Retrieved 21 June 2021 .
^ "Married. Gwendolin Marshall Field, granddaughter and heiress of the late Marshall Field of Chicago, to Archibald Charles Edmondstone, son of Sir Archibald Edmonstone, in London." , Milestones: April 14, 1923. TIME . Retrieved 7 March 2023.
^ John L. Cable (2 March 1933). American Citizenship Rights of Women . U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 30. Retrieved 7 March 2023 .
^ "Married. Mrs. Dorothy Caldwell Taylor, 35, former wife of Claude Grahame-White, British aeronautical pioneer, to Count Carlo Dentice di Frasso, 47, former member of the Italian Parliament" , Milestone: Monday, July 9, 1923. TIME . Retrieved 26 June 2021.
^ Times (19 July 1923). "Northesk Wedding Today" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 June 2022 .
^ "Countess Perigny Sued For Alienation. Newark Woman Says Sister of Harry Thaw Stole Husband, an Auto Salesman" . New York Times . February 10, 1924. Retrieved 2010-12-29 .
^ "H.H. ROGERS HEIRESS WEDS AT CITY HALL; Miss Millicent, 20, Bride of Count Salm-Von Hoogstraeten, an Austrian of 40" . The New York Times . 10 January 1924. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "MARCHESE IN ITALY; Granddaughter of Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting Becomes Bride of Antonio Origo" . The New York Times . 5 March 1924. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Miss Vanderbilt Reported Engaged. Cornelia Said to Be Betrothed to the Hon. John F.A. Cecil of British Embassy" (PDF) . The New York Times . 6 March 1924. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ "PRINCE VIGGO TO WED HERE; Eleanor M. Green Will Become Member of Danish Royal Family June 10" . The New York Times . 18 May 1924. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (22 June 1924). "BARBARA MURRAY WEDS LORD DOUNE; She Is Married in Paris to the Eldest Son and Heir of the Earl of Moray" . The New York Times . Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ "Lady Lindsay" (PDF) . The New York Times . 4 September 1954. Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ Times, Special Cable to The New York (10 November 1926). "Britain Balks at Soviet Envoy's Wife Introducing Lady Lindsay at Berlin" . The New York Times . p. 4. Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ "DUKE POZZO DI BORGO HONORED AT DINNER; He and Duchess Are Guests of Mrs. Newbold Morris -- Miss Signe Toennesses Feted" (PDF) . The New York Times . February 3, 1935. Retrieved 16 July 2021 .
^ "ASTOR HEIRESS WED QUIETLY IN JERSEY; Princess .Obolensky Becomes Bride of Raimund von Hof- mannsthal of Austria. TROTH NOT ANNOUNCED Ceremony Performed Saturday by Police Court JudgeuCouple Left Immediately for Europe" . The New York Times . 24 January 1933. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "COUNT TO MARRY DIVORCEE.; Mrs. Constance Atherton to Become Bride of Pierre Jumilhae" . The New York Times . 21 September 1924. Retrieved 15 July 2022 .
^ "MISS WENDELL WED TO EARL GALLOWAY Daughter of Late Jacob Wendell of New York Married to Scottish Peer. SHE HAS TEN ATTENDANTS Bride-to-Be Is Sister of Lady Carnarvon -- Miss May I. Gavin Weds John D. Schoonmaker J.r." The New York Times . 15 October 1924. Retrieved 10 May 2022 .
^ "PRINCESS CARACCIOLO; Illinois-Born Wife of Italian Nobleman Dies at 58" . The New York Times . 2 July 1955. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (January 29, 1925). "GLORIA SWANSON WEDS A MARQUIS; Film Star Quietly Marries Henri de la Falaise, of a Prominent French Family" . The New York Times . Retrieved August 3, 2021 .
^ "MRS. STEWART WED TO A FRENCH COUNT; Former Miss Reine M.M. Tracy Marries Raoul de Roussy de Sales" . The New York Times . 6 February 1925. Retrieved 27 June 2021 .
^ Christopher James (Lord Northbourne) (2008). Of the Land and the Spirit: The Essential Lord Northbourne on Ecology and Religion . World Wisdom, Inc. p. 28. ISBN 9781933316611 . Retrieved 1 August 2021 .
^ Suther, Judith D. A House of Her Own: Kay Sage, Solitary Surrealist. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.
^ "Married" . Time magazine . 18 May 1925. Retrieved 10 April 2020 . Miss Dorothy Gould, 21, daughter of Frank Jay Gould and his onetime wife, Princess Vlora, now the divorced wife of Prince Houreddin Vlora of Albania, to Baron de Graffenried de Villars, 25, of Switzerland; in Paris.
^ "Dorothy Burns, 58, Heiress To French Resort Founder" . The New York Times . 7 July 1969. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Private Lives" . LIFE . 2 August 1937. p. 66. Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ John Thorn (2016). Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game, Vol. 9 . McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-7905-4 . Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ "1932 SS 1 16hp Coupé" . Jaguar Daimler Heritage Trust . Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ "Marriage of Miss Lihme and Prince Lobkowicz" (PDF) . The New York Times . 23 August 1925. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "Mrs. Aimee Gouraud Weds Another Prince; Here From Paris, She Reveals Fifth Marriage" . The New York Times . 3 October 1925. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "MARION POWERS TO WED.; I To Be Bride of Signor Marino Dusmet in Loreto, Italy, Sept. 30" . The New York Times . 20 September 1925. Retrieved 13 July 2021 .
^ "HELEN REID WEDS BARON DE LUSTRAC; New York Girl Marries Lieutenant in the French Army" . The New York Times . 25 November 1925. Retrieved 24 September 2022 .
^ "MISS DE WOLFE WEDS SIR CHARLES MENDL; Former Actress Is the Bride of British Diplomat in Paris Consulate. TWO AMBASSADORS ATTEND Mrs. W. K. Vanderbilt Also Witnesses Simple Ceremony for Well Known New York Decorator" . The New York Times . 11 March 1926. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Times, Wireless To the New York (28 June 1926). "MRS. CONVERSE WEDS VISCOUNT FURNESS; Twin Sister of Mrs. Reginald Vanderbilt Married to Rich British Peer. SHE APPEARED IN MOVIES One of Three Morgan Sisters, Noted for Their Beauty -- Got Divorce in 1925" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "MAE MURRAY WEDS A REPUTED PRINCE; " Merry Widow" of Screen Takes David Divani as Fourth Husband" . The New York Times . 28 June 1926. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Prince Sigismondo Chigi: Last Hereditary Marshal of the Holy Roman Church" . Berry College . Memorial Library . April 18–21, 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2021 .
^ "MISS EMERY TO WED GRAND DUKE DMITRI; New York Girl Now in France Engaged to Former Russian Nobleman" . The New York Times . 1 November 1926. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ DeSocio, Richard James (2017). Clash of Dynasties: Why Gov. Nelson Rockefeller Killed Jfk, Rfk, and Ordered the Watergate Break-In to End the Presidential Hopes of Ted Kennedy . Author House. ISBN 9781524692483 . Retrieved 31 December 2021 .
^ "PRINCE LEVAN MELIKOV DIES OF APPENDICITIS; His Family Once Ruled Georgia in Russia--Widow the Former Mrs. Francis S. Dixon" . The New York Times . 28 January 1928. p. 9. Retrieved 31 December 2021 .
^ "COUNT G. DE BEARN TO WED MISS AVERY; Son of Late'Princess, Who Was' Beatrice Winans" . The New York Times . 15 November 1926. p. 25. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "DE BEARN MARRIAGE ANNULLED BY ROTA; Brooklyn Friend of Prince Informed That Nuptials of Latter'sSon Have Been Voided" . The New York Times . 25 July 1929. p. 32. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ Dunne, Dominick. "The Rockefeller and the Ballet Boys" Archived 2012-03-23 at the Wayback Machine , Vanity Fair (February 1987)
^ Barnhouse, Mark (2015). Daniels and Fisher: Denver's Best Place to Shop . Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781625854605 . Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ "PRINCE AND U.S. GIRL MARRIED AT CITY HALL" . The Sunday Star . 2 October 1927. p. 29. Retrieved 12 August 2021 .
^ Gordon Homestead/Odescalchi Estate , Golden History Museum & Park , 20 November 1998. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
^ "BARON VON ROMBERG WEDS EMILY HALL" . The New York Times . 15 April 1928. p. 34. Retrieved 20 August 2021 .
^ "MARIE SETON WEDS GEORGE C. SOMMARIPA; Ceremony Is Performed in the Russian Orthodox Church of Christ the Saviour" . The New York Times . 11 August 1928. Retrieved 16 July 2021 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (28 August 1928). "MRS. HARRISON TWEED WEDS COUNT PALFFY; Former Miss Eleanor Roelker of East Greenwich, R.I., Married in Czechoslovakia" . The New York Times . Retrieved 9 August 2022 .
^ TIMES, Wireless to THE NEW YORK (13 April 1928). "Miss Watson's Wedding to Duke Delayed At Last Moment With the Church Ready" (PDF) . The New York Times . Retrieved 5 August 2020 .
^ "Inventaire des archives du Fonds Vendôme-Nemours, 1716-1979 / J. Liénart" (in French). Algemeen Rijksarchief / Archives générales du Royaume. 1979. p. 18. Retrieved 5 August 2020 .
^ "MRS. BREESE WEDS EARL OF GOSFORD; New York Woman Becomes a British Countess in South- ampton Ceremony" (PDF) . The New York Times . 2 October 1928.
^ "COUNT TODAY WEDS ESTELLE MANVILLE; Union of Count Bernadotte and American to Be First Nuptials of Royalty on Our Soil. TINY CHURCH IS THE SCENE Uniforms of Swedish Officers Will Provide Color for Ceremony at Pleasantville, N.Y. Bishop Stires to Officiate. Others in the Royal Party. The Wedding Reception" . The New York Times . 1 December 1928. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "RUTH BRADY WEDS HON. MICHAEL SCOTT; Very Rev. Adrian Weld-Blundell Performs Ceremony in Church in Bernardsville, N.J. POPE SENDS HIS BLESSING Paulist Choir Boys Lead the Procession" . The New York Times . 1 January 1929. Retrieved 16 February 2022 .
^ Hadden, Briton (1929). "Time" . Time Incorporated . Vol. 13. p. 40. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "PRINCESS OF REUSS IS WED IN GENEVA; She Becomes Bride of Count Paul de Kotzebue in Civil and Religious Nuptials. WEDDING TRIP TO ITALY New York Woman, the Former Allene Tew, Donated Large Fund to Stevens Institute" (PDF) . The New York Times . 5 March 1936. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ Hatch, Alden (1962). H. R. H. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands: An Authorized Biography . Harrap. p. 276. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "COUNT TOLSTOY TO WED MRS. G. SEYBURN" . The New York Times . 14 June 1929. Retrieved 10 August 2023 .
^ "Obituaries: Countess Gwendolyn Currie Tolstoi" . Detroit Free Press . 25 June 1982. Retrieved 10 August 2023 .
^ "Clubman Once Rode With Cossacks. Count Tolstoi Dies In City" . Detroit Free Press . 10 June 1959. Retrieved 10 August 2023 .
^ McNaughton, Arnold (1973). The Book of Kings: A Royal Genealogy - Volume 2 . Garnstone Press. p. 595. ISBN 9780000157386 . Retrieved 12 March 2023 .
^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (17 October 1929). "MARY CLARK WEDS BARON JAMES BAEYENS; Many in American Colony of Paris at Wedding of Late Senator's Granddaughter" . The New York Times . p. 37. Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ Meryl Gordon (2014). The Phantom of Fifth Avenue: The Mysterious Life and Scandalous Death of Heiress Huguette Clark . Hachette UK. ISBN 9781455512645 . Retrieved 26 January 2022 .
^ "Mrs Ryan weds Count de Janze" . The New York Times . 10 January 1930. Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ "VISCOUNT IKERRIN WEDS AMERICAN; Mrs. Marion C. Edwards of Philadelphia Becomes Bride at Doylestown. CEREMONY LAST WEEK Performed by Judge--Bridegroom Gives Occupation as Stock Broker --Couple to Live in India" . The New York Times . 20 August 1930. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "COUNTESS OF CARRICK WED; Former Wife of Earl Married in England to Baron Chesham" . The New York Times . 21 October 1938. p. 20. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "Mrs. Louise C. Timpson Dead; Former Duchess of Argyll, 65" . The New York Times . 11 February 1970. Retrieved 4 April 2022 .
^ TIMES, Wireless to THE NEW YORK (24 November 1935). "IAN CAMPBELL MARRIES.; Duke of Argyll's Heir Weds Mrs. Louise Vanneck in London" . The New York Times . p. 5. Retrieved 4 April 2022 .
^ "MARY McCORMIC WED.; She and Prince Serge Mdivani Secretly Married Week Ago" . The New York Times . 19 April 1931. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "TEXAS GIRL IS WED QUIETLY TO PRINCE; Cattle Baron's Daughter Joins Liechtenstein Royalty in London Ceremony. COUPLE TO VISIT AMERICA Bride Educated in New York at Miss Spence's School and Columbia University" . The New York Times . 30 July 1931. Retrieved 26 March 2021 .
^ "CONSTANCE BENNTT MARRIED TO MARQUIS; Justice Work Performs Wedding Ceremony for Actress and Henri de La Falaise" . The New York Times . 23 November 1931. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "JACQUELINE STEWART BECOMES A COUNTESS; Is Married to Count Giovanni Cordelli in Church of the Transfiguration" . The New York Times . 24 November 1931. Retrieved 27 June 2021 .
^ "RENTS LARGE SUITE ON THE EAST SIDE; Count Giovanni Cardelli Takes Triplex Apartment With 16 Rooms on 57th St" . The New York Times . 1 November 1943. Retrieved 27 June 2021 .
^ "PRINCE ROSPIGLIOSI ALLOWED TO LAND; Wife, Former Marian Snowden, Surprised at Report Mother Asked He Be Barred. SHE DENIES HE IS IN DEBT Stories That Husband Is Depending on Her Fortune to Pay Creditors Are Termed "Ridiculous." " . The New York Times . 24 January 1932. p. 24. Retrieved 13 August 2021 .
^ a b "Eloped. Janet Elizabeth Snowden, 19, daughter of the late Oilman James Hastings Snowden, sister of Marion Snowden who eloped with Prince Girolamo Rospigliosi (TIME, Dec. 14, 1931); and Prince di Sirignano don Francesco Caravita of Naples, 24; in Manhattan" , Milestones: Monday, August 28, 1933. TIME . Retrieved 13 August 2021.
^ "RENEE THORNTON MARRIED TO DUKE; Concert Singer Weds Fabio C. d'Andria in the Church of Notre Dame. HIS SECOND MARRIAGE Bride Was Formerly the Wife of Richard Hageman, Opera Conductor" . The New York Times . 28 January 1932. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ "Divorced Duke Weds U.S. Operatic Singer" . Courier-Post . 28 January 1932. p. 2. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ "Opera Singer The Bride Of Italian Duke" . The Evening News (Pennsylvania) . 28 January 1932. p. 2. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ TIMES, Wireless to THE NEW YORK (12 April 1932). "MISS GARRISON MARRIED IN PARIS; Wed in Civil Ceremony to Walter Runciman, Son of Head of British Board of Trade. WEDDING TRIP BY AIRPLANE Bridegroom Pilots His Moth to the RivierauCouple Will Reside in London" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "ADELE ASTAIRE WED TO SON OF A DUKE; Quiet Ceremony at Marriage of American Dancer to Lord Charles Cavendish. CHAPEL'S FIRST BRIDAL uuuu I In Country Seat of Devonshire Fam- ilyuDuke's Heir Is His Broth- er's Best Man" . The New York Times . 10 May 1932. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Gaiter, Dorothy J. (26 January 1981). "Adele Astaire, Dancer-Comedian, Dies" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "SIR GEORGE PRESCOTT MARRIES" . The Straits Times . 7 December 1932. p. 20. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "Sporting Baronet weds wealthy American Lady " . Imago Images . 12 November 1932. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "Copy from the Supreme Court of the Bahama Islands of the Will and Testament of Lady Elizabeth Hughes Melcer, widow of George Prescott" . Jersey Heritage . 27 March 1980. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "ISABEL NEILSON WED TO GERMAN COUNT; Becomes Bride of Hermann von Ostheim in Civil and Religious Ceremonies in Paris" . The New York Times . November 29, 1932. Retrieved April 2, 2023 .
^ Davidson, John (March 1982). "The Very Rich Life of Enrico di Portanova" . Texas Monthly . p. 124. Retrieved 4 July 2021 .
^ "THE EARL COWLEY WEDS.; Reno Divorce Followed by His Marriage to Mrs. Mary H^" . The New York Times . 19 June 1933. p. 12. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ Nemy, Enid (13 May 1979). "Barbara Hutton Dies on Coast at 66" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "PRINCESS GUARDED FROM KIDNAPPING; Former Janet Snowden Was Protected in Maine -- Feared Abduction to Italy. GANG THREAT HERE SEEN Annulment of Her Marriage to Don Francisco Discussed -- She Returned to New York" . The New York Times . 5 September 1933. p. 36. Retrieved 13 August 2021 .
^ "Miss Bradley Is Bride of Count Colloredo-Mannsfeld" . The Evening News . 5 October 1933. p. 17. Retrieved 10 April 2023 .
^ "MISS HELEN SETON BRIDE OF FRENCH DUKE; Civil Ceremony Held for New York Girl and Augusts de Goyon, 4th Due de/Feltre" . The New York Times . 22 October 1933. Retrieved 29 March 2021 .
^ Sala, Laura Bayer , Archives Directory for the History of Collecting, research.frick.org , 02/07/2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
^ "MISS NANCY YUILLE PLANS HER BRIDAL; Will Be Married Wednesday in Palm Beach to Viscount Adare of Ireland. HOUSE GUEST OF SISTER Fiance, Visiting Charles A. Munn, Is Heir of Earl of Dunraven and Mountearl" . The New York Times . March 3, 1934. Retrieved June 27, 2021 .
^ "LORD TENNYSON WEDS MRS. CARROLL DONNER; Gardens of California Estate the Setting in Which Poet's Grandson Takes Bride" . The New York Times . 15 April 1934. Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ "MISS TIMBERLAKE A BRIDE.; Michigan Girl Wed to Baron Carl von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen" . The New York Times . 15 October 1934. Retrieved 16 August 2024 .
^ "Decies to Marry Mrs. Harry Lehr; Widow of New York Leader of Society to Become Bride of Irish Peer on May 23. Announcement in Paris. Bride-Elect Member of Drexel Family. Wrote Book, 'King Lehr and Gilded Age.' " . The New York Times . May 12, 1936. Retrieved August 1, 2021 . Mrs. Henry Symes Lehr, widow of Harry Lehr, society leader in New York early in the century, will be married here on May 23 to John Graham Beresford, Lord Decies, Irish peer, according to an announcement made today.
^ Weidner, Carl A.; Weidner, Fredrika (1895). "Mrs. Seth Barton French (1866-1964)" . New-York Historical Society . Retrieved July 5, 2021 .
^ E. Bruce Geelhoed (2020). Diplomacy Shot Down: The U-2 Crisis and Eisenhower's Aborted Mission to Moscow, 1959–1960 . University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806166711 . Retrieved 5 July 2021 .
^ Patrick W. Montague-Smith (2000). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage . Palgrave Macmillan. p. 1612. ISBN 9781561592654 . Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ Thorpe, Vanessa (31 January 2010). "The 'only son' of Orson Welles to take DNA test" . The Observer . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "MRS. HARTFORD A PRINCE'S BRIDE; Member of Society in New York and Newport Wed to Prince Guido Pignatelli" . The New York Times . 26 April 1937. Retrieved 31 July 2021 .
^ TIMES, Wireless to THE NEW YORK (5 June 1937). "Windsor, at His Austrian Castle, Carries Bride Over the Threshold; Duke Follows Traditional Formula on Their Arrival at Wasserleonburg--Couple, During Three-Hour Stop-Over, Go Sight-Seeing in Venice-Ride in Gondola" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Earl to Wed Virginia Cherrill" . The New York Times . 20 July 1937. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ TIMES, Wireless to THE NEW YORK (11 November 1937). "U. S. DANCER WED TO BARON; Rose Zell Rowland's Marriage In Budapest Follows Boy's Birth" . The New York Times . p. 5. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ "BARBARA CHASE'S PLANS; She Will Be Wed to George M. Nairne on March 18" . The New York Times . 7 February 1938. Retrieved 25 February 2023 .
^ Feinstein, Laura (31 October 2014). "Helena Rubinstein, Icon of Business and Style, Gets Her Own Retrospective" . T Magazine . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ TIMES, Wireless to THE NEW YORK (31 August 1938). "TALLEYRAND WEDS AMERICAN IN PARIS; Mrs. Lela Mackintosh Becomes the Bride of Marquis" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Paid Notice: Deaths PAOLOZZI, COUNTESS ALICIA SPAULDING" . The New York Times . 13 April 2002. Retrieved 10 July 2021 .
^ United States, Tax Court (1956). Reports of the United States Tax Court, Volume 23 . U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 183. Retrieved 10 July 2021 .
^ "REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS. Spaulding Case—Decision No. 148 (VOLUME XIV)" (PDF) . 21 December 1956. pp. 292– 294.
^ "Mrs. Obolensky Gets Final Divorce Decree" . The Palm Beach Post . 19 April 1952. p. 5. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "CECIL J.A. HOWARD WEDS; Frances Drake Is Married to Brother of Earl of Suffolk" . The New York Times . 14 February 1939. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Mrs. Adelaide Sedgwick Munroe Married To Prince Kyril Scherbatoff in Church" . The New York Times . 28 April 1939. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ Barlow, Henry S. (1995). Swettenham . Kuala Lumpur: Southdene. p. 721.
^ Genthe, Arnold (12 May 1939). "MISS MINNIGERODE BECOMES ENGAGED; PROSPECTIVE BRIDE" . The New York Times . Retrieved 22 August 2024 .
^ "Gene Tierney, Actress, Wed to Count Cassini" . The New York Times . 2 June 1941. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Lucy Cotton Dead; Was Broadway Star" . The New York Times . 13 December 1948. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Dann, John (24 January 2017). Maud Coleno's Daughter: The Life of Dorothy Hartman, 1898-1957 . Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 213/367. ISBN 978-1785899-713 . Retrieved 2 August 2020 .
^ "Dorothy Ulrich Troubetzkoy (1914–2003). Writer" . Cedar Hill Foundation . 2003. Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ "Paid Notice: Deaths. GAGARIN, FRANCES MOORE, PATTY " . The New York Times . 25 November 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2021 .
^ "OONA O'NEILL WED, CHAPLIN'S 4TH WIFE; Playwright's Daughter, 18, and Film Actor-Producer Wed in Civil Ceremony" . The New York Times . 17 June 1943. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Adolfo Bezamat Marries Miss Tatiana Belosselsky" . The New York Times . 24 February 1974. Retrieved 24 June 2021 .
^ "MISS KENNEDY WED TO DEVONSHIRE HEIR; Daughter of Ex-Envoy Bride of Marquess of Hartington in London Registry Office HER BROTHER IS 'PRESENT Reception Held at Home of Lady Hambleden -- Couple First Met at Court in '38" . The New York Times . 7 May 1944. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Jean French Weds Prince in the West" . Des Moines Tribune . 6 September 1945. p. 1. Retrieved 30 March 2021 .
^ "AIMEE G. RUSSELL ENGAGED TO WED; Chapin Ex-Student Fiancee of Don Cino Tommaso Corsini of Florence, Italy" . The New York Times . 10 October 1945. Retrieved 5 July 2021 .
^ "CAROLYN B. BROWN, DUKE OF UZES WED; Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Raleigh, N.C." The New York Times . 19 July 1946. Retrieved 29 March 2021 .
^ "J.C. RUSSELL TO MARRY; Viscount Amberley Will Wed Susan Doniphan Lindsay" . The New York Times . 25 August 1946. p. 42. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ Armorial généalogique de la noblesse polonaise - Volume 1 (in French). Editions du Dialogue. 1992. p. 223. ISBN 9782853160674 . Retrieved 2 March 2022 .
^ "U. S. GIRL WEDS COUNT; War Department Employe Bride of Wealthy Spanish Nobleman" . The New York Times . 27 June 1947. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "NUPTIALS ARE HELD FOR MISS O'CONNOR; She Is Wed to Conte Rodolfo Crespi of Rome and Brazil, in St. Ignatius Loyola" . The New York Times . January 23, 1948. Retrieved October 24, 2010 .
^ Geoffrey T. Hellman (23 March 1953). "Straightening out the Straus(s)es" . The New Yorker . Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ Weber, Sandra J. (10 September 1989). "A Love Story Preserved In Needlepoint" . The New York Times . Retrieved 12 April 2023 .
^ Morris, Susan (20 April 2020). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 2019 . eBook Partnership. ISBN 9781999767051 . Retrieved 12 April 2023 .
^ "Caroline Benn. Obituary" , The Telegraph , 24 November 2000. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ "Claire Obolensky Excommunicated After Wedding in Russian Church" . New York Times . October 14, 1949. p. 1. Retrieved February 23, 2022 .
^ "LIECHTENSTEIN PRINCE WEDS MRS. OELRICHS" (PDF) . The New York Times . August 22, 1950. Retrieved 10 September 2018 .
^ "CAROLINE T. SCOTT BRIDE IN RICHMOND; Cathedral of the Sacred Heart Scene of Her Marriage to Comte Edouard Decazes" . The New York Times . November 5, 1950. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ "MANNERS & MORALS: The Pink Slip" . Time . 18 December 1950. Retrieved 6 May 2023 .
^ Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. (20 August 1995). "Honeychile Wilder, 76, Ex-Showgirl and Princess" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "ANNE D. GOODRICH IS WED TO PRINCE; Becomes Bride in Rhinebeck of Edmond Poniatowski at Vincent Astor Estate" . The New York Times . 2 May 1952. Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ "U. S. HEIRESS WED TO PEER IN LONDON; Queen Mother Sees Virginia Ryan Married to Lord Ogilvy -- Crowds Throng Streets" . The New York Times . 24 October 1952. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Mrs. Katherine P. Gennett Is Wed to Prince Obolensky" . Asheville Citizen-Times . 24 November 1952. p. 16. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ Morris, Susan (20 April 2020). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 2019 . eBook Partnership. p. 4218. ISBN 9781999767051 . Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "Married. Rosemary Turner McMahon, 36, widow of the late Brien McMahon, Democratic U.S. Senator from Connecticut (1945-52) and head of Congress' Joint Committee on Atomic Energy; and Baron Robert Silvercruys, 59, Belgian Ambassador to the U.S.; he for the first time, she for the second; in a quiet church ceremony; in Washington, D.C." , Milestones: Monday, September 28, 1953. TIME . Retrieved 14 August 2021.
^ "Belgian Envoy to Wed Senator's Widow" . The New York Times . 17 September 1953. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "CAPITAL WEDDING. Dignity rules as diplomat weds senator's widow" . LIFE . 5 October 1953. p. 34. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ "Baron Robert Silvercruys Dies Longtime Belgian Envoy to U.S." The New York Times . 27 January 1975. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ Philippe de Rothschild and Joan Littlewood, Milady Vine: The Autobiography of Philippe de Rothschild (London: Jonathan Cape, 1984)
^ "Mrs. Harrison Williams Is Wed To Count Albert E. Bismarck; Widow of Utilities ExecutiveI Married to a Grandson of Late German Chancellor" . The New York Times . 8 January 1955. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Giniger, Henry (19 April 1956). "Grace Kelly Is Wed to Prince in Civil Ceremony; Palace in Monte Carlo Is Scene of Civil Wedding of Prince Rainier and Grace Kelly" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Nemy, Enid (6 December 2008). "Sunny von Bülow, 76, Focus of Society Drama, Dies" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ Susan Morris (2019). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage . eBook Partnership. ISBN 9781999767051 . Retrieved 16 June 2022 .
^ Wilson, Eric (24 April 2009). "Catherine di Montezemolo, Doyenne of Fashion and Society, Dies at 83" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Radziwills to Be Divorced After 14 Years' Marriage" . The New York Times . 11 December 1972. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "British Tycoon, At 77, Marries Texas Nurse, 39" . The Evening Independent . 2 April 1959. Retrieved 3 June 2023 .
^ "Secret Marriage Of Mrs. Bancroft Announced Here; Daughter of Standard Oil Aide Wed Dec. 29 to Prince d'Arenberg" . The New York Times . 7 February 1961. Retrieved 29 March 2021 .
^ "Peggy d'Arenberg Wed to Duke" . The New York Times . 6 July 1968. Retrieved 29 March 2021 .
^ "Prince Andrew, Heir of Last Russian Czar, at His English Estate" . The New York Times . 11 May 1981. Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "Edith Bradford Myles Plans Nuptials in June; Her Fiance Is Guy-Philippe Lannes de Montebello" . The New York Times . 23 April 1961. Retrieved 23 June 2021 .
^ Mellow, James R. (3 November 1985). "THE FINE ART OF DIRECTING THE MET MUSEUM" . The New York Times . Retrieved 23 June 2021 .
^ "The Romanoff Dynasty" . Romanoff Center for Russian Studies – Dodge Family College of Arts and Sciences (The University of Oklahoma) . Retrieved 2 August 2023 .
^ Almanach de Gotha Annual Genealogical Reference - Volume 1 . University of California. 2004. p. 705. ISBN 0953214257 . Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ Berger, Marilyn (7 April 1990). "Nancy Lady Keith Is Dead at 73; A Socialite Known for Her Wit" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2020 .
^ "The Earl of Lonsdale" . The Daily Telegraph . 16 June 2006. Retrieved 16 June 2022 .
^ Susan Morris (2019). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage . eBook Partnership. ISBN 9781999767051 . Retrieved 16 June 2022 .
^ "Countess Has a Son" . The New York Times . 8 December 1964. p. 59. Retrieved 17 June 2022 .
^ "Time — Milestones: Friday, July 30, 1965" . Time . July 30, 1965. Retrieved 2021-03-04 .
^ "Marlborough's 2d Son Fiance of Gillian Fuller" . The New York Times . 25 April 1965. Retrieved 4 March 2021 .
^ "London Wedding For the 2d Son 0u Marlborough; Miss Gilllan Fuller Is His Bride in a Small, Informal Ceremony" . The New York Times . 24 July 1965. Retrieved 4 March 2021 .
^ "Mrs. Mary Ohrstrom Bride Of Rothermere, the Publisher" . The New York Times . 29 March 1966. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ "Viscountess Rothermere, Socialite, Is Dead" . The New York Times . 7 April 1993. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ "Jean-Francois de Chambrun Weds Miss Douglas in Paris" . The New York Times . 3 May 1966. Retrieved 14 March 2021 .
^ "Josalee Douglas Fiancee Of a Count From Paris; '63 Debutante to Be the Bride of Jean de Chambrun" . The New York Times . 13 March 1966. Retrieved 14 March 2021 .
^ "Treating Your Skin Like Royalty With Princess Amanda Borghese" . Issuu . 17 March 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021 .
^ Schmid, Albert W. A. (December 2020). How to Drink Like a Royal . Indiana University Press. p. 51. ISBN 9781684350308 . Retrieved 12 July 2021 .
^ O'Neill, Terry (1981-04-27). "The wedding of Ringo Starr and Barbara Bach" . National Portrait Gallery . Retrieved 2018-03-21 .
^ "Barbara Carrera" . www.imdb.com . IMDb . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Miss Sulzberger Becomes Bride Of Adrian Berry; Daughter of Columnist Wed in Paris to Son of London Publisher" . The New York Times . 5 January 1967. Retrieved 6 July 2021 .
^ "Mrs. Joan Dillon Betrothed to Prince; She Will Be Wed in Spring to Charles of Luxembourg" . The New York Times . 11 February 1967. Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Luxembourg's Prince Charles Marries Mrs. Dillon in Britain" . The New York Times . 2 March 1967. Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVIII. "Luxemburg". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2007, pp. 83–84, 449–450. (German). ISBN 978-3-7980-0841-0 .
^ "Viscount Moore Weds Eliza Lloyd" . The New York Times . 15 May 1968. p. 43. Retrieved 30 October 2021 .
^ McFadden, Robert D. (17 March 2014). "Rachel Mellon, an Heiress Known for Her Green Thumb, Dies at 103" . The New York Times . Retrieved 30 October 2021 .
^ "Mrs. Crocker Is Wed To Duke of Manchester" . The New York Times . 11 February 1969. Retrieved 27 June 2021 .
^ Kozinn, Allan (20 April 1998). "Linda McCartney, Photographer of Rock Stars, Dies at 56" . The New York Times . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Lord Harlech Marries Pamela Colin In London Ceremony Attended by 100" . The New York Times . 12 December 1969. Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ Constantine, Alex (May 2000). The Covert War Against Rock . Feral House. p. 38. ISBN 9781936239504 . Retrieved 9 July 2021 .
^ "Anne Guestier Manice, Is Bride" . The New York Times . 29 October 1972. p. 74. Retrieved 14 March 2023 .
^ "Viscount Weir to Wed Mrs. Dorothy D. Hutton" . The New York Times . 11 February 1973. p. 67. Retrieved 1 February 2022 .
^ "Evelyn de Rothschild, Banker, Marries Victoria Lou Schott" . The New York Times . 2 July 1973. Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Steamy Romance Turns Frosty in Boston : Relationships: Foothill High grad Catherine de Castelbajac and multimillionaire Bill Koch play out their breakup in the courtroom. The reports of torrid notes, extravagant spending and connections to European demi-royalty captivate the normally staid city" . Los Angeles Times . 5 December 1995. Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Count de Ganay weds Frances Akin Spence" . The New York Times . 15 July 1981. p. 19. Retrieved 31 August 2021 .
^ "Arnaud de Rosnay: The Dazzler" . Surfer Magazine . 22 December 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ Silbert, Nathalie (20 July 2018). "Les Rosnay, une famille toujours dans la vague" . Les Échos (in French). Retrieved 10 July 2021 .
^ "Mary Hyde Is Wed to Viscount Eccles" . The New York Times . 27 September 1984. Retrieved 3 October 2022 .
^ Marino, Vivian (6 September 2019). "Bette Midler's Fifth Avenue Penthouse Goes on the Market for $50 Million" . The New York Times . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ Losgar, Maxwell. "Hello, Sophie: Bette Midler's Daughter Is Ready For Her Close-Up" . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ Bego, Mark (2002). Bette Midler: Still Divine . Cooper Square Press. p. 178. ISBN 9781461635277 . Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ Shattuck, Kathryn (21 October 2016). "Christopher Guest: No Eccentric Obsession Left Behind" . The New York Times . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Baroness Monica Von Neumann On 'Real Housewives Of Beverly Hills'?" . HuffPost . 28 March 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ King, Natalie (20 December 2012). "Holding Court with Baroness Monica von Neumann" . Upscale Living Magazine . Retrieved 3 August 2021 .
^ Tempest, Matthew (25 August 2004). "Profile: Sir Mark Thatcher" . The Guardian . Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ Alexander, Harriet (16 February 2016). "Bismarck heir sued in New York for $2.5m in child support" . Telegraph . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Von Faber-Castell" . Getty Images / Hulton Archive . 12 December 1987. Retrieved 31 January 2022 .
^ Moran, Nancy (8 February 2016). "Anton-Wolfgang von Faber-Castell propelled pencil maker into global brand" . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 31 January 2022 .
^ "Inverness artist is Russian royalty in retirement" . San Francisco Chronicle . 15 May 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Elizabeth Kunstadter Is Married" . The New York Times . 5 January 1992. Retrieved 22 June 2021 .
^ Piromallo, Januaria (July 26, 1993). "The Countess from Connecticut: LuAnn de Lesseps" . Gstaad Life . Müller Medien AG. Retrieved July 6, 2021 .
^ Paton, Maureen (27 August 2016). "Stefanie Powers at 73: 'Everybody should get a medal at a certain point for surviving' " . The Telegraph . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVIII. "Luxembourg". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2007, pp. 79-80, 83-84, 449-450. (in German). ISBN 978-3-7980-0841-0 .
^ Lambert, Pam (11 December 2000). "Notorious Still" . People Magazine . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ "Paid Notice: Deaths WEINBERG, JERROLD G" . The New York Times . June 21, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2022 .
^ Wilkinson, Isabel (20 March 2020). "How Crown Princess Marie-Chantal of Greece Spends Her Sundays" . The New York Times . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
^ Menkes, Suzy (6 August 1995). "RUNWAYS; Breathing New Life Into Couture" . The New York Times . Retrieved 30 October 2021 .
^ Goldberg, Carey (October 29, 1995). "Quiet High-Society Wedding Is a Spectacle for Gawkers" . The New York Times . Retrieved 3 April 2020 .
Sources
Further reading