Illinois's 9th House of Representatives district

For the congressional district, see Illinois's 9th congressional district.

Illinois's 9th State House of Representatives district
Representative	Yolonda Morris D–Chicago since 2020
Demographics	29.7% White 45.1% Black 10.7% Hispanic 11.0% Asian 0.1% Native American 0.0% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.5% Other 2.8% Multiracial
Population (2020)	120,173
Created	1983–present 1849–1873, 1957–1973
Notes	[1]

Illinois's 9th House of Representatives district is a Representative district within the Illinois House of Representatives located in Cook County, Illinois. It has been represented by Democrat Yolonda Morris since 2023. Before then it was Lakesia Collins since July 24, 2020. The district was previously represented by Democrat Art Turner from 2010 to 2020.

The district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of East Garfield Park, Lincoln Park, Loop, Lower West Side, Near North Side, Near West Side, North Lawndale, South Lawndale, West Garfield Park, and West Town.[1][2]

Representative district history

This section is an excerpt from Illinois's 1st House of Representatives district § Representative district history.[edit]

Prior to the ratification of the 1848 Illinois Constitution, counties (or two or more counties) were designated a certain number of Senators and Representatives. With the ratification of the 1848 Illinois Constitution, Legislative and Representative districts were numbered and called by name. Each district was still assigned a certain number of Senators and Representatives. After the passage of the 1872 Apportionment, only Legislative districts were drawn with Representatives elected cumulatively. The 1954 amendment to the 1870 Illinois Constitution established Representative districts as separate from Legislative districts (with representatives still elected cumulatively). The boundaries of Representative and Legislative districts would differ.[3] After the United States Supreme Court ruled in Reynolds v. Sims (1964) that "both houses of state legislatures must be apportioned according to districts of equal population," new districts were redrawn for the Illinois Senate and Illinois House of Representatives. While the Legislative districts were redrawn, the Governor and General Assembly failed to agree on Representative district boundaries. Under the 1954 amendment, "a 10-man bipartisan commission appointed by the governor from recommendations made by both parties" were directed to redraw boundaries but failed to do so in 1963. Because of this failure, and with no district boundaries redrawn, all Representative districts were temporarily merged into one at-large district with 177 representatives (the total number of representatives at the time). The 1964 Illinois House election had several candidates running for all 177 seats throughout the state.[4] In 1965, the Representative districts were redrawn by the Illinois Legislative Reapportionment Commission and elections held in 1966 were done with separate districts.[5] With the 1971 Apportionment (and adoption of the 1970 Illinois Constitution), Representative districts were abolished and representatives were once again elected cumulatively per Legislative district.[6] After the passage of the Cutback Amendment in 1980, the number of Representatives was reduced from 177 to 118 with Representative districts re-established and now electing a single representative.

Prominent representatives

Representative	Notes
Aaron Shaw	Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 7th congressional district (1857 –1859) Elected back to the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 16th congressional district (1883 – 1885)
Erastus Newton Bates	Elected the 15th Illinois Treasurer (1869 – 1873)
George Burditt	Republican nominee for the 1974 United States Senate election in Illinois

List of representatives

1849 – 1873

Representative[7]	Party	Years[a]	General Assembly (GA)	Electoral History	Counties Represented
9th Representative district established with 1848 Illinois Constitution.
Ebenezer Z. Ryan	Whig[8]	January 1, 1849 – January 6, 1851	16th	Elected in 1848 Was not re-elected in 1850.	Lawrence Richland
Aaron Shaw	Democratic	January 6, 1851 – January 3, 1853	17th	Elected in 1850 Was not re-elected in 1852.
William Y. Christy	Whig[9]	January 3, 1853 – January 1, 1855	18th	Elected in 1852 Was not re-elected in 1854.
Samuel H. Martin	O L Dem[10]	January 1, 1855 – January 5, 1857	19th	Elected in 1854 Was not re-elected in 1856.	Wabash White
John E. Whiting	Unknown	January 5, 1857 – January 3, 1859	20th	Elected in 1856 Was not re-elected in 1858.
John G. Powell	Democratic[11]	January 3, 1859 – January 7, 1861	21st	Elected in 1858 Was not re-elected in 1860.
James M. Sharp	Unknown	January 7, 1861 – January 5, 1863	22nd	Elected in 1860 Was not re-elected in 1862.	Marion
John W. Merritt		January 5, 1863 – January 2, 1865	23rd	Elected in 1862 Was not re-elected in 1864.
Samuel E. Stephenson	Democratic[12]	January 2, 1865 – January 7, 1867	24th	Elected in 1864 Was not re-elected in 1866.
Erastus Newton Bates	Republican	January 7, 1867 – January 4, 1869	25th	Elected in 1866 Was not re-elected in 1868.
Thomas E. Merritt	Democratic[13][14]	January 4, 1869 – January 4, 1871	26th	Elected in 1868 Redistricted to the 24th Representative district and re-elected in 1870.
William N. Ayres		January 4, 1871 – January 8, 1873	27th	Elected in 1870 Was not re-elected in 1872.	Gallatin Hardin
District abolished with 1872 Reapportionment as 3 Representatives were now elected cumulatively from Legislative districts.

1957 – 1973

Representative[7]	Party	Party Control	Years[a][b]	General Assembly (GA)	Electoral History	Counties Represented
District re-established in 1957.
William E. Pollack	Republican	2 Republicans 1 Democrat	January 9, 1957 – January 6, 1965	70th 71st 72nd 73rd	Redistricted from the 6th Legislative district and re-elected in 1956 Re-elected in 1958 Re-elected in 1960 Re-elected in 1962 Ran in the At-large district election and won re-election in 1964.	Cook
Kenneth E. Moberley			January 9, 1957 – January 7, 1959	70th	Elected in 1956 Lost re-election in 1958.
Joseph F. Fanta	Democratic		January 9, 1957 – January 9, 1963	70th 71st 72nd	Elected in 1956 Re-elected in 1958 Re-elected in 1960 Lost re-election in 1962.
Nicholas Zagone		2 Democrats 1 Republican	January 7, 1959 – January 4, 1961	71st	Elected in 1958 Lost re-election in 1960.
Kenneth E. Moberley	Republican	2 Republicans 1 Democrat	January 4, 1961 – January 6, 1965	72nd 73rd	Elected back in 1960 Re-elected in 1962 Retired.
Nicholas Zagone	Democratic		January 9, 1963 – January 6, 1965	73rd	Elected back in 1962 Ran in the At-large district election and won re-election in 1964.
The district was temporarily abolished from 1965 to 1967 due to the Redistricting Commission in 1963 failing to reach an agreement. An at-large election was held electing 177 Representatives from across the state.
Don A. Moore	Republican	2 Republicans 1 Democrat	January 4, 1967 – January 10, 1973	75th 76th 77th	Redistricted from At-large district and re-elected in 1966 Re-elected in 1968 Re-elected in 1970 Elected state Senator in the 9th Legislative District in 1972.	Cook
George M. Burditt					Redistricted from At-large district and re-elected in 1966 Re-elected in 1968 Re-elected in 1970 Retired.
Leland Rayson	Democratic				Redistricted from At-large district and re-elected in 1966 Re-elected in 1968 Re-elected in 1970 Redistricted to the 9th Legislative district and re-elected in 1972.
District abolished with 1971 Reapportionment as Representatives were once again elected from Legislative districts.

1983 – Present

Representative[7]	Party	Years[b]	General Assembly (GA)	Electoral History	Counties Represented
District re-established with representatives now elected one per district with the passage of the Cutback Amendment
Joseph Berrios	Democratic	January 12, 1983 – January 10, 1989	83rd 84th 85th	Elected in 1982 Re-elected in 1984 Re-elected in 1986 Elected Commissioner of the Cook County Board of Appeals in 1988.	Cook
Miguel A. Santiago		January 10, 1989 – January 13, 1993	86th 87th	Elected in 1988 Re-elected in 1990 Redistricted to the 3rd Representative district and re-elected in 1992.
Arthur Turner		January 13, 1993 – 2010	88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th	Redistricted from the 18th Representative district and re-elected in 1992 Re-elected in 1994 Re-elected in 1996 Re-elected in 1998 Re-elected in 2000 Re-elected in 2002 Re-elected in 2004 Re-elected in 2006 Re-elected in 2008 Lost the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor in 2010 and later resigned his representative seat.
			96th
Vacant		2010 – December 2010
Art Turner	Democratic	December 2010 – July 3, 2020	96th 97th 98th 99th 100th	Elected in 2010 and appointed the same year Re-elected in 2012 Re-elected in 2014 Re-elected in 2016 Re-elected in 2018 Retired in 2020.
			101st
Vacant		July 3, 2020 – July 24, 2020
Yolonda Morris		September 12, 2023 – present	103rd
Lakesia Collins	Democratic	July 24, 2020 – present	101st 102nd 103rd	Appointed and subsequently elected in 2020 Re-elected in 2022

Historic District Boundaries

Years	County	Municipalities/Townships	Notes
2013 – present	Cook	Chicago (East Garfield Park, Lincoln Park, Loop, Lower West Side, Near North Side, Near West Side, North Lawndale, South Lawndale, West Garfield Park, West Town)	[1][15][2]
2003 – 2013		Chicago	[16]
1993 – 2003		Chicago	[17]
1983 – 1993		Chicago	[18]
1967 – 1973		Bremen Township, Lemont Township, parts of Lyons Township, Orland Township, Palos Township, parts of Thornton Township	[19]
1957 – 1965		Chicago	[20]
1871 – 1873	Gallatin Hardin	Bowlesville, Buffalo, Cave-In-Rock, Christmasville, Cottonwood, Cypress, Elizabethtown, Equality, New Market, Rock Ferry, Rosiclare, Salineville, Shawneetown (Old Shawneetown), South Hampton, Sparks Hill	[21][22][23]
1863 – 1871	Marion	Alma, Centralia, Fosterburg, Fosters, Fredericktown, Hickory Hill, Junction City (Junction), Kinmundy, Middleton, Mt. Xian, Odin, Patoka, Raccoon, Salem, Sandoval, Tonti, Walnut Hill	[21][24][25][26][27]
1855 – 1863	Wabash White	Armstrong, Burnt Prairie, Carmi, Concord, Duncanton, Emma, Enfield, Friendsville, Grayville, Junto, Liberty (Burnt Prairie), Mier, Mount Carmel, Phillipstown, Poland, Rochester Mill (Rochester), Sacramento, Shealsville, Tecumseh	[21][28][29][24]
1849 – 1855	Lawrence Richland	C.H., Eden, Lawrenceville, Matthew's Mills, Noble, Olney, Parkersburg, Ruark, Russellville, St. Francisville, Smallsburg, Stringtown	[21][30][31][32][33]

Electoral history

2030 – 2022

2022 Illinois House of Representatives election[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lakesia Collins (incumbent)	20,413	100.0
Total votes			20,413	100.0

2020 – 2012

2020 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lakesia Collins (incumbent)	38,252	100.0
Total votes			38,252	100.0

2018 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Arthur Turner (incumbent)	30,951	100.0
Total votes			30,951	100.0

2016 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Arthur Turner (incumbent)	36,765	100.0
Total votes			36,765	100.0

2014 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Arthur Turner (incumbent)	20,890	100.0
Total votes			20,890	100.0

2012 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Arthur Turner (incumbent)	33,967	100.0
Total votes			33,967	100.0

2010 – 2002

2010 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Arthur Turner	21,900	100.0
Total votes			21,900	100.0

2008 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner (incumbent)	36,203	100.0	+10.69%
Total votes			36,203	100.0

2006 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner (incumbent)	20,122	89.31	−10.69%
	Republican	Myra Bland	2,408	10.69	N/A
Total votes			22,530	100.0

2004 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner (incumbent)	32,405	100.0	+7.19%
Total votes			32,405	100.0

2002 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner (incumbent)	18,823	92.81	−7.19%
	Libertarian	John Kasner	1,458	7.19	N/A
Total votes			20,281	100.0

2000 – 1992

2000 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner (incumbent)	24,044	100.0
Total votes			24,044	100.0

1998 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner (incumbent)	18,256	100.0	+5.73%
Total votes			18,256	100.0

1996 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner (incumbent)	22,444	94.27	+3.40%
	Republican	Marie Ciffone	1,365	5.73	−3.40%
Total votes			23,809	100.0

1994 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner (incumbent)	13,021	90.87	−9.13%
	Republican	Eileen M. Zelazny	1,309	9.13	N/A
Total votes			14,330	100.0

1992 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Turner	27,969	100.0
Total votes			27,969	100.0

1990 – 1982

1990 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Miguel A. Santiago (incumbent)	9,658	100.0
Total votes			9,658	100.0

1988 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Miguel A. Santiago	16,953	100.0
Total votes			16,953	100.0

1986 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Joseph Berrios (incumbent)	12,146	100.0
Total votes			12,146	100.0

1984 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Joseph Berrios (incumbent)	16,441	100.0
Total votes			16,441	100.0

1982 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Joseph Berrios	20,560	100.0
Total votes			20,560	100.0

1970 – 1962

1970 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Don A. Moore (incumbent)	64,805	39.47
	Democratic	Leland H. Rayson (incumbent)	56,482.5	34.40
	Republican	George M. Burditt (incumbent)	49,992	30.45
	Democratic	Gerald A. Brier	37,924	23.10
Total votes			164,203.5	100.0

1968 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Don A. Moore (incumbent)	90,889	33.19
	Republican	George M. Burditt (incumbent)	71,237.5	26.01
	Democratic	Leland H. Rayson (incumbent)	61,417	22.43
	Democratic	Richard F. Kelly, Jr.	50,310	18.37
Total votes			273,853.5	100.0

1966 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Don A. Moore	70,057	33.24
	Republican	George M. Burditt	60,885.5	28.89
	Democratic	Leland H. Rayson	44,032	20.89
	Democratic	Richey V. Graham, Jr.	35,769.5	16.97
Total votes			210,744	100.0

1962 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William E. Pollack (incumbent)	43,063	28.21
	Republican	Kenneth E. Moberley (incumbent)	38,898.5	25.48
	Democratic	Nicholas Zagone	36,108.5	23.65
	Democratic	Joseph F. Fanta (incumbent)	34,600.5	22.66
Total votes			152,670.5	100.0

1960 – 1956

1960 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William E. Pollack (incumbent)	53,126	26.88
	Republican	Kenneth E. Moberley	49,295.5	24.94
	Democratic	Joseph F. Fanta (incumbent)	48,158.5	24.37
	Democratic	Nicholas Zagone (incumbent)	47,053.5	23.81
Total votes			197,633.5	100.0

1958 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Joseph F. Fanta (incumbent)	45,638.5	29.80
	Democratic	Nicholas Zagone	40,120	26.20
	Republican	William E. Pollack (incumbent)	35,321	23.07
	Republican	Kenneth E. Moberley (incumbent)	32,050.5	20.93
Total votes			153,130	100.0

1956 Illinois House of Representatives election[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William E. Pollack	60,410	28.99
	Republican	Kenneth E. Moberley	57,453.5	27.57
	Democratic	Joseph F. Fanta	48,543	23.30
	Democratic	Archie F. McKnight	41,692.5	20.01
Total votes			208,369	100.0

Notes

1. From 1870 to 1970, the GA met for a new session on the Wednesday after the first Monday of January.
2. Since 1970, the GA meets on the second Wednesday of January for a new session.

References

1. "STATE LEGISLATIVE DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2022): Illinois - State House District 9" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. October 12, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
2. "Boundaries - Community Areas (current)". City of Chicago. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
3. "Illinois blue book, 1961-1962". Illinois Digital Archives. p. 438. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
4. "Illinois blue book, 1965-1966". Illinois Digital Archives. p. 43. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
5. "Guide to Apportionment in Illinois, 1818-2001". Illinois Digital Archives. p. 84. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
6. "Guide to Apportionment in Illinois, 1818-2001". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 86. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
7. "2021-2022 ILLINOIS BLUE BOOK" (PDF). Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
8. "List of members composing the Illinois state legislature, assembled at the Capitol in Springfield, Monday, January 1st, 1849". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
9. "List of the members composing the eighteenth General Assembly of the State of Illinois, convened in extra session, February 9, 1854". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
10. "List of the members composing the nineteenth General Assembly of the State of Illinois". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
11. "List of the members and officers, twenty-first General Assembly of the State of Illinois, Springfield, January 3, 1859". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
12. "Manual for the use of the twenty-fourth General Assembly of the State of Illinois. Prepared and compiled pursuant to a resolution of the House of Representatives, adopted Jan. 3, 1865". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 43. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
13. "Manual of the twenty-sixth General Assembly of the State of Illinois". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 54. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
14. "Rummel's Illinois hand-book and legislative manual for 1871". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 185. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
15. "STATE LEGISLATIVE DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: State House District 9 (Illinois)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. May 18, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
16. "Illinois blue book, 2003-2004". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 66. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
17. "Illinois blue book, 1993-1994". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 57. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
18. "Illinois blue book, 1983-1984". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 63. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
19. "Illinois blue book, 1967-1968". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 319. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
20. "Illinois blue book, 1955-1956". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 333. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
21. "Illinois blue book, 1903-1904". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. pp. 281–286. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
22. Campbell, R. A.; Walling, H. F.; Mitchell, Samuel Augustus (1870). Written at Chicago. "Campbell's topographical & sectional map of Saline, Gallatin, Hardin, and Pope, counties. (Drawn by R.A. Campbell and H.F. Walling). Entered ... 1869 by R.A. Campbell ... Pennsylvania. (1870)". David Rumsey Map Collection. Published by: S. A. Mitchell, Jr. Philadelphia: R. A. Campbell. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
23. G.W. & C.B. Colton & Co. (1872). "Maps showing the Indiana & Illinois Central Railway". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: G.W. & C.B. Colton. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
24. Johnson, A.J.; Colton, J.H.; McLellan & Bros., D. (1864). "Johnson's Illinois Published By Johnson and Ward". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: Johnson and Ward. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
25. Colton, G.W.; Fisher, Richard Swainson (1865). "Colton's Illinois. (inset) Vicinity of Chicago. Published By J. H. Colton. No. 172 William St. New York". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: J.H. Colton. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
26. Schonberg & Co.; Bancroft, H.H.; Goodspeed & Co. (1867). Written at New York. "Illinois. Entered ... 1864 ... New York". David Rumsey Map Collection. San Francisco: Schonberg & Co. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
27. Mitchell, Samuel Augustus; Campbell, R.A.; Walling, H.F. (1870). "County map of the state of Illinois. (with) Vicinity of Springfield. Entered ... 1870 by S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr. ... Pennsylvania". David Rumsey Map Collection. Published by: S.A. Mitchell, Jr. Philadelphia: R.A. Campbell. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
28. Colton, G.W. (1856). "Illinois. (with) Vicinity Of Chicago. Published By J.H. Colton & Co. No. 172 William St. New York. Entered ... 1855 by J.H. Colton & Co. ... New York. No. 44". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: J.H. Colton. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
29. Johnson, A.J. (1860). "Johnson's Illinois By Johnson & Browning. No. 40". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: Johnson and Browning. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
30. Tanner, Henry S. (January 1, 1845). "Illinois. (Written and engraved by Jos. Perkins. 1845)". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: Tanner's Geographical Establishment. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
31. Frederick, Bourquin; Mitchell, Samuel; Tanners, Henry S. (1848). "A New Map of Illinois with its Proposed Canals, Roads & Distances from Place to Place along the Stage & Steam Boat Routes. By H.S. Tanner. Entered according to Act of Congress in the 1841 by H.S. Tanner - in the Clerk's Office of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 31". David Rumsey Map Collection. Philadelphia: Samuel Augustus Mitchell. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
32. Colton, J. H.; Mathewson, A. J.; Messinger, John; Peck, J. M. (1852). "New sectional map of the state of Illinois". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: J. H. Colton & Co. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
33. Colton, G. W. (1857). "Illinois. No. 44. Published by J.H. Colton & Co., No 172 William St., New York. Entered according to the Act of Congress in the year 1855 by J.H. Colton & Co. in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: J. H. Colton. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
34. "Election Results 2022 GENERAL ELECTION". Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved February 4, 2023.^[permanent dead link‍]
35. "Downloadable Vote Totals". Illinois State Board of Elections. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved November 4, 2021.^[permanent dead link‍]