G-funk

For the record label, see G-Funk Entertainment. For the documentary, see G-Funk (film).
G-funk
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsEarly 1990s, Greater Los Angeles, California
Subgenres
G-phonk
Other topics
Example of a g-funk instrumental

G-funk, short for gangsta funk, (or funk rap[5]) is a sub-genre of gangsta rap that emerged from the West Coast scene in the early 1990s. The genre is heavily influenced by the synthesizer-heavy 1970s funk sound of Parliament-Funkadelic (aka P-Funk), often incorporated through samples or re-recordings.[4] It is represented by commercially successful albums such as Dr. Dre's The Chronic (1992) and Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle (1993).

Characteristics

G-funk, which uses funk with an artificially altered tempo, incorporates multi-layered and melodic synthesizers, slow hypnotic grooves, a deep bass, heavy use of the snare drum, background female vocals, the extensive sampling of P-Funk tunes, and a high-pitched portamento saw wave synthesizer lead. G funk is typically set at between 90 and 100 BPM.[6] The lyrical content depended on the artist and could consist of sex, drug use (especially marijuana), love for a city, love for friends. There was also a slurred "lazy" or "smooth" way of rapping in order to clarify words and stay in rhythmic cadence. Many R&B and pop singles of the 1990s incorporated the G-funk sound to their music.

The trademark West Coast G-funk style of hip-hop was a very defining element of the region's music and helped distinguish it from the rivaling rap scene on the East Coast. In essence, the smooth, slow-tempo sound of G-funk accompanied the perceived "laid-back" stereotype of Californian culture whereas East Coast hip-hop typically featured more aggressive attitudes alongside a fast-paced tempo (e.g. hardcore hip hop).[7][8]

Unlike other earlier rap acts that also utilized funk samples (such as EPMD and the Bomb Squad), G-funk often utilized fewer, unaltered samples per song.[9] Music theorist Adam Krims has described G-funk as "a style of generally West Coast rap whose musical tracks tend to deploy live instrumentation, heavy on bass and keyboards, with minimal (sometimes no) sampling and often highly conventional harmonic progressions and harmonies".[10] Dr. Dre, a pioneer of the G-funk genre, normally uses live musicians to replay the original music of sampled records. This enabled him to produce music that had his own sounds, rather than a direct copy of the sample.[11]

History and origins

1989–1992: Beginnings

Early examples of the genre began to show up in 1989 with The D.O.C.'s "It's Funky Enough" and "The Formula",[12][13] the former was an early minor hit for the genre, reaching No. 12 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[14] Two years later, in 1991, N.W.A. released another early example of the genre with their album Niggaz4Life,[15] which reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200,[16] and No. 2 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.[17] The same year, Ice Cube's diss track towards N.W.A., "No Vaseline", was made in the style.[18] Dr. Dre, who produced No One Can Do It Better and Niggaz4Life, is often seen as the originator/creator of the G-funk sound.[19][1] Though these claims have been disputed with Cold 187um, a member of Above the Law, claiming that he came up with the name and sound.[20]>

1992–1997: Mainstream peak

1992 was the breakout year for the genre, with Dr. Dre dropping his album The Chronic. The album was a massive success, having three top 40 singles: "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang", the Eazy-E diss "Dre Day", and "Let Me Ride."[21] It also reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200,[22] and No. 1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.[23] The album was eventually certified Triple Platinum by the RIAA in 1993 for selling three-million copies,[24] it has also been selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[25] Though G-funk had previously existed, Dr. Dre's The Chronic is often seen as the beginning of the genre.[26][1]

Dr. Dre, considered a pioneer of G-funk.

The following year had numerous successful songs and albums, Ice Cube's songs "It Was a Good Day" and "Check Yo Self" both made it to the top 20, peaking at No. 15 and No. 20 respectively,[27] and were both certified at least gold.[28] "It Was a Good Day" is commonly placed high on best of lists for the genre, being considered "one of the best G-Funk tracks ever made".[29][18] Snoop Dogg released his first album Doggystyle, which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200,[30] and contained the hits "Gin and Juice" and "What's My Name?", both songs reached No. 8 on the Hot 100.[31] The album was certified Quadruple Platinum, and both singles were certified gold.[32] Eazy-E released the G-funk-influenced album It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa,[33] which reached No. 5 on the Billboard 200,[34] and contained the No. 42 hit "Real Muthaphuckkin G's",[35] which was made as a response to Dre's song "Dre Day" from the previous year.[36]

The genre's popularity grew even bigger in 1994, especially because of Warren G's song "Regulate", which was featured on the Above The Rim soundtrack. The single reached the top 10 peaking at No. 2.[37] His album Regulate... G Funk Era which also contained the song, and another top 10 hit "This D.J.", reached No. 2 on the Billboard 200.[38] Popular rapper MC Hammer went for a more gangsta image and G-funk sound on his album The Funky Headhunter,[39][40] which contained the No. 26 single "Pumps and a Bump".[41] The G-funk group Thug Life, featuring 2Pac released their first and only album, Thug Life: Volume 1, it peaked at No. 42 on the Billboard 200,[42] it had one minor hit single with "Cradle to the Grave", it charted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and on the Hot Rap Songs charts, at No. 91 on the former and No. 25 on the latter.[43][44] Westcoast rapper Coolio released his debut album It Takes a Thief in 1994. The album peaked at No. 8,[45] it contains the Top-10 hit "Fantastic Voyage".[46]

In 1995, 2Pac released the album Me Against the World which although not entirely G-funk, has been described as having "half the record [resound] to the boom and bap of New York" while having "the rest [shimmer] in a G-funk haze". The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200,[47] and was certified Double Platinum.[48] Later in the year,[49] he released the G-funk classic[18] "California Love" which as a double A-side with "How Do U Want It", hit No. 1 on the Hot 100.[50] In October 1995, Tha Dogg Pound released their debut album Dogg Food and it debuted at number 1# on the billboard, continuing G-funk's dominance in the mainstream with the top 50 singles "New York, New York" and "Let's Play House".

In 1996, the super-group Westside Connection released Bow Down. It had two hit singles, "Bow Down" and "Gangstas Make the World Go Round", which peaked at No. 21 and No. 40, respectively.[51] The album itself peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard 200,[52] and was certified Platinum by the RIAA in 1997.[53] 2Pac released his album All Eyez on Me, which has been described as "lush G-funk" and as having a "commercial G-funk sheen".[54][55] The album hit No. 1.[47] In 1997 Warren G released his second album, Take a Look Over Your Shoulder, which peaked at No. 11 on the Billboard 200;[38] it had two Top-40 singles, a cover of "I Shot the Sheriff" and "Smokin' Me Out".[37]

Although the majority of G-funk music has come out of California, the overall sound has been utilized by additional US rappers and hip-hop groups that were based in other states across the U.S. during the time of the style's popularity in the 1990s.[56] Some of the most notable of these artists include Outkast (Georgia),[57] G-Slimm (Louisiana),[58][59] Bone Thugs-n-Harmony (Ohio),[60][61][62] Tela (Tennessee),[63] Top Authority (Michigan),[64][65] E.S.G. (Texas)[66][67] and DMG (Minnesota).[68]

In the 1990s, Houston, Texas had a small, but noteworthy G-funk scene at the peak of the genre's popularity with artists such as the Geto Boys, Blac Monks, E.S.G., 5th Ward Boyz, Street Military, Big Mello, Scarface, Ganksta N-I-P, Bushwick Bill, Big 50, 5th Ward Juvenilez and South Circle.[69][70]

1997–present: Influences on modern hip hop

In the late 1990s and 2000s, G-funk music significantly declined in mainstream popularity.[71][72] Dr. Dre's 1999 album 2001, produced by Mel-Man, was noted as "reinvent[ing] his sound, moving away from G-funk to something more gothic and string-heavy."[73]

In 2001 Warren G released his fourth studio album, The Return of the Regulator, including "Here Comes Another Hit" including Nate Dogg and Mista Grimm and Lookin' at You with LaToiya Williams. The album can be considered a return to the roots of G-funk West Coast gangsta music, but it sold less than the rapper's two previous albums.

Midwestern rapper Tech N9ne made use of the G-funk style on his early releases, most notably his second studio album, The Worst (2000).[74][75] His 2001 follow-up album, Anghellic, incorporated the subgenre's characteristics to a much lesser extent.[76]

Most recently, into the 2010s and onward, many contemporary West Coast rappers have released albums which contain strong G-funk influences, including Kendrick Lamar with Good Kid, M.A.A.D City as well as To Pimp a Butterfly, YG with Still Brazy, Schoolboy Q with Blank Face LP, Nipsey Hussle with Victory Lap, Buddy with Harlan & Alondra and Tech N9ne with The Gates Mixed Plate.[77][78][79][80][81]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "G-Funk Music Genre Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  2. ^ a b "Today in Hip Hop History: Dr Dre's 'The Chronic' Was Released 25 Years Ago". The Source. 2017-12-15. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
  3. ^ a b Rogulewski, Charley (2013-12-11). "A Return To G-Funk: Snoop Dogg & Dam-Funk Look Back To Move Forward". VIBE.com. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  4. ^ a b Christopher Hunter (March 16, 2017). "Warren G Is Releasing a Documentary on the History of G-Funk - XXL". XXL Mag. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  5. ^ "Why G-Funk is So Damn Important". 17 October 2017.
  6. ^ G funk hiphopmusichistory.com Retrieved 20 May 2024
  7. ^ Himes, Emily (25 March 2018). "East Coast, West Coast - The Heights". Bcheights.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  8. ^ "East Coast Rap Music Genre Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  9. ^ Brown, Ethan (November 22, 2005). "Straight Outta Hollis". Queens Reigns Supreme: Fat Cat, 50 Cent, and the Rise of the Hip Hop Hustler. Anchor. ISBN 1-4000-9523-9. [Unlike] popular hip-hop producers like the Bomb Squad, Dre instead utilized a single sample to drive a song.
  10. ^ Krims, Adam (2000). Rap Music and the Poetics of Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 74. ISBN 0-521-63447-4. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  11. ^ Hilburn, Robert (September 23, 2007). "The Dr.'s Always In". Los Angeles Times.
  12. ^ Trent Fitzgerald (June 30, 2018). "'Nuthin' But a 'G' Thang, Baby: Watch 'G Funk' Official Trailer". The Boombox. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  13. ^ "The 200 Best Albums of the 1980s - Page 4". Pitchfork. 10 September 2018. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  14. ^ "The D.O.C." Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  15. ^ "efiL4zaggiN: N.W.A.'s 4gotten Masterpiece". HipHopDX. 2015-07-28. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  16. ^ "N.W.A". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  17. ^ "N.W.A". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  18. ^ a b c "The 30 best G-Funk tracks of all time". Fact Magazine. 2016-07-26. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  19. ^ "Dr. Dre | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  20. ^ "Dr. Dre Perfected G-Funk, But He Didn't Invent It—Gregory Hutchinson Did". Complex. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  21. ^ "Dr. Dre - Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  22. ^ "Dr. Dre - Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  23. ^ "Dr. Dre - Top R&B/Hip-Hop". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  24. ^ "Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  25. ^ "National Recording Registry Class Produces Ultimate 'Stay at Home' Playlist". Library of Congress. March 25, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  26. ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "Dr. Dre", AllMusic. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
  27. ^ "Ice Cube - Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  28. ^ "Ice Cube - RIAA". RIAA. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  29. ^ "Ice Cube has launched a charity clothing range to support autism". Fact Magazine. 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  30. ^ "Snoop Dogg - Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  31. ^ "Snoop Dogg - Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  32. ^ "Snoop Dogg - Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  33. ^ "It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa - Eazy-E | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  34. ^ "Eazy-E". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  35. ^ "The Hot 100 Chart". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  36. ^ Sacha Jenkins, Elliott Wilson, Gabe Alvarez, Jeff Mao & Brent Rollins, eds., Ego Trip's Book of Rap Lists (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2014), p 237.
  37. ^ a b "Warren G - Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  38. ^ a b "Warren G - Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  39. ^ Aaron, Charles (April 1994). "Hammer". Vibe Vixen. 2 (3). Vibe Media: 99–100. ISSN 1070-4701. Retrieved June 1, 2021.[permanent dead link]
  40. ^ Juon, Steve 'Flash'. "Hammer :: The Funky Headhunter – RapReviews". Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  41. ^ "M.C. Hammer". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  42. ^ "Thug Life - Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  43. ^ "Thug Life - R&B/Rap". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  44. ^ "Thug Life - Hot Rap". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  45. ^ "Coolio - Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  46. ^ "Coolio - Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  47. ^ a b "2Pac". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  48. ^ "Me Against the World - Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  49. ^ Allah, Sha Be (2015-12-03). "The Source |Today In Hip Hop History: Tupac's "California Love" Featuring Dr. Dre Turns 20". The Source. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  50. ^ "2Pac". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  51. ^ "Westside Connection - Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  52. ^ "Westside Connection - Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  53. ^ "Bow Down - Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  54. ^ "The Best Tupac Songs". Complex. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  55. ^ "Makaveli & Riskie: A Conversation with Death Row Graphic Artist Ronald "Riskie" Brent". HipHopDX. 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  56. ^ "Scarface: Former Geto Boy Keeps Gangsta Rap Alive". Mtv.com. Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  57. ^ "The Southern Variety of Outkast and DJ Screw". Sites.utexas.edu. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  58. ^ "Beyond Soulja Slim: Remembering the Lost Heroes of New Orleans Rap". Daily.redbullmusicacademy.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  59. ^ "Charles "Big Boy" Temple Passes Away As Cash Money's Most Legitimate Rival & New Orleans Hip Hop Pioneer". HipHopDX. 25 September 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  60. ^ Jenkins, Brandon (10 March 2022). "Bone Thugs-N-Harmony's 'E. 1999 Eternal,' a Midwestern G-Funk Classic". The Ringer. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  61. ^ "Still Creepin'". MemphisFlyer. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  62. ^ Schlegel, Zacc (30 October 2018). "Raw take on "E. 1999 Eternal" by Bone Thugs-N-Harmony". Medium.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  63. ^ "The World Ain't Enuff (2000): Tela". Alibris.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  64. ^ "Top Authority | Discover music on NTS". Nts.live. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  65. ^ "Top Authority". Skeyelandenterprises.ning.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  66. ^ "XL Middleton's Guide To G-funk - The Wire". Thewire.co.uk. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  67. ^ "notbuzzzila's Review of 'Ocean of Funk' by E.S.G." Album of The Year. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  68. ^ "DMG :: Rigormortiz :: Face II Face/Rap-A-Lot Records". Rapreviews.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  69. ^ [1] [dead link]
  70. ^ "Big 50 (Tray Duce Records) in Houston | Rap". Thegoodoldayz.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  71. ^ "Anatomy of the Funk: G-Funk Deconstructed". CentralSauce Collective. 17 June 2019. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  72. ^ "Long Beach :: The True Home of G-Funk". The Hundreds. 24 August 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  73. ^ Knowledge Drop: How Suge Knight Forced Dr. Dre To Change His Album Title To ‘2001’
  74. ^ "Is Tech N9ne In Top 10 Territory?". HotNewHipHop. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  75. ^ Steiner, B. J. SteinerB J. (25 July 2013). "The 30 Most Essential Tech N9ne Songs - XXL". XXL Mag. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  76. ^ "'Say Hello To Tech N9ne' – An In-Depth Look At Anghellic: Reparation". Strange Music Inc. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  77. ^ "The L.A. Roots of Kendrick Lamar's 'To Pimp a Butterfly'". Kcet.org. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  78. ^ "With "To Pimp a Butterfly," Kendrick Lamar brushes all hip-hop rivals aside". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  79. ^ "Tech N9ne Collabos - The Gates Mixed Plate". Discogs.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  80. ^ "Buddy & The Artists Keeping G-Funk Alive in 2018". Complex.com. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  81. ^ "The Story Behind Kendrick Lamar's 'good kid m.A.A.d city'". Highsnobiety.com. 16 May 2018.

Read other articles:

Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!

Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!GenreKomediHororMisteriDagelanBerdasarkanScooby-Doo, Where Are You!oleh Joe Ruby dan Ken SpearsSutradaraShaunt NigoghossianJeff MednikowAndy ThomJames KrenzkePengisi suaraFrank WelkerGrey DeLisleMatthew LillardKate MicucciPenata musikJake MonacoNegara asal Amerika SerikatBahasa asliInggrisJmlh. musim2Jmlh. episode52 (daftar episode)ProduksiProduser eksekutifSam RegisterJay Bastianuntuk Cartoon Network: Nicole Rivera dan Meghan BradleyProduserZac MoncriefMichael Jelenic …

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、蘭&…

Shashi Kapoor

Indian film actor, producer (1938–2017) Shashi KapoorKapoor in 2005BornBalbir Raj Kapoor(1938-03-18)18 March 1938Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British IndiaDied4 December 2017(2017-12-04) (aged 79)Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaOccupationsActorfilm producerYears active1945–1998Spouse Jennifer Kendal ​ ​(m. 1958; died 1984)​ChildrenKunalKaranSanjanaParentPrithviraj Kapoor (father)FamilyKapoor familyHonoursPadma Bhushan (2011)Dadasaheb Phalke…

Министерство природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации

Министерство природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерациисокращённо: Минприроды России Общая информация Страна  Россия Юрисдикция Россия Дата создания 12 мая 2008 Предшественники Министерство природных ресурсов Российской Федерации (1996—1998)Министерство охраны о…

Hubei University

Public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China Not to be confused with Hebei University.Hubei University湖北大学Motto日思日睿 笃志笃行TypePublicEstablished1931LocationWuhan, Hubei, ChinaCampusUrban, 1,800 mu (1.2 km2)Websitewww.hubu.edu.cn Hubei University (湖北大学) is a public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The institute was founded in 1931 as Hubei Provincial Education College. The college moved between locations and changed its name several times during its half-century of deve…

Eleanor Bone

Eleanor Ray BoneBorn(1911-12-15)15 December 1911Died21 September 2001(2001-09-21) (aged 89)Other namesArtemis Eleanor Ray Bone (15 December 1911 – 21 September 2001) who also went under the craft name Artemis, was an influential figure in the neopagan religion of Wicca. She claimed to have been initiated in 1941 by a couple of hereditary witches in Cumbria. She later met and became friends with Gerald Gardner, and was initiated into Wicca, becoming the High Priestess in one of his co…

中华人民共和国国家元首列表

  提示：此条目页的主题不是中華人民共和國最高領導人。 中华人民共和国 中华人民共和国政府与政治系列条目 执政党 中国共产党 党章、党旗党徽 主要负责人、领导核心 领导集体、民主集中制 意识形态、组织 以习近平同志为核心的党中央 两个维护、两个确立 全国代表大会 （二十大） 中央委员会 （二十届） 总书记：习近平 中央政治局 常务委员会 中央书记处 中…

Xiaomi Mi 5c

Smartphones manufactured by Xiaomi Xiaomi Mi 5cCodenamemeriManufacturerXiaomiSeriesMiFirst releasedMarch 2017PredecessorXiaomi Mi 4cRelatedXiaomi Mi 4cTypeSmartphoneForm factorSlate phoneDimensions144.38 x 69.68 x 7.09 mmMass135 gOperating systemMIUI 8 (Android 6.0)System-on-chipXiaoMi pinecone S1CPU2x Dual-core 2.2GHz + 2x Dual-core 1.4GHzGPUMali-T860 2x Dual-coreMemory3 GB RAMStorage64 GB EMMC 5.0BatteryNon-removable Li-Po 2860mAh（typ） / 2810mAh（min） batteryDisplay5.15 1920*1080 pixels…

Événement (probabilités)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Événement. Jeu de dés : une expérience aléatoire. En théorie des probabilités, un événement lié à une expérience aléatoire est un sous-ensemble des résultats possibles pour cette expérience (c'est-à-dire un certain sous-ensemble de l'univers lié à l'expérience). Un événement étant souvent défini par une proposition, nous devons pouvoir dire, connaissant le résultat de l'expérience aléatoire, si l'événement a été réalisé ou no…

Our Son

2023 film by Bill Oliver Our SonRelease posterDirected byBill OliverWritten by Peter Nickowitz Bill Oliver Produced by Fernando Loureiro Eric Binns Guilherme Coelh Jennifer 8. Lee Christopher Lin Starring Luke Evans Billy Porter CinematographyLuca FantiniEdited by Zach Clark Tyler Jensen Music byOla FløttumProductioncompanyTigresaDistributed byVerticalRelease dates June 10, 2023 (2023-06-10) (Tribeca) December 8, 2023 (2023-12-08) Running time104 minutes[1&…

Kingston upon Thames

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Kingston. Cet article est une ébauche concernant Londres. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Kingston upon Thames Héraldique Place du marché Administration Pays Royaume-Uni Nation Angleterre Comté Grand Londres Force de police Metropolitan Incendie London Ambulance London Code postal KT1, KT2 Indicatif 020 Démographie Population 43 013 hab. (2011) Géogra…

Волощина

У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Волощина (значення). Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ Князівство Волощина васал османської імперії (1415 – 19 ст.) протекторат Російської імперії (18 – 19 ст.) 1330 – 1859 Прапор Герб Волощини: історичні кордони на карті Столиця Кимпулунг-М…

هايرايز

هايرايزمعلومات عامةجزء من مارس ريكونيسانس أوربيتر الكتلة 65 كيلوغرام بلد المنشأ الولايات المتحدة المشاركون Michael Mellon (en) [1] (2001 – ) الشَّركة المُصنِّعة Ball Aerospace & Technologies (en) موقع الويب hirise.lpl.arizona.edu (الإنجليزية) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات مهمة التصوير عالي الدقة …

Wilts & Dorset

Former British bus operator Wilts & DorsetWilts & Dorset liveried Scania OmniCity(Salisbury, July 2009)ParentGo South Coast (part of the Go-Ahead Group)Founded1915Ceased operation2012HeadquartersPooleService typeBus services Wilts & Dorset[1] was a bus and coach operator providing services in East Dorset, South Wiltshire, and West Hampshire. It was part of Go South Coast, a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group, since 2012, the brand was withdrawn, with it being replaced by Morebu…

Coronation quiche

Tart for King Charles III's coronation Coronation quicheA coronation quicheCourseLunchPlace of originUnited KingdomCreated byMark FlanaganMain ingredientsEggs, herbs and cheese Part of a series of articleson theCoronation ofCharles III and Camilla Background Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II Proclamation of accession Events Coronation Concert List of guests 2023 Birthday and Coronation Honours King Charles III Coronation Medal Coronation quiche Related Charles III: The Coronation Year Char…

Прямой узел (теория узлов)

Эта статья о математической узле; об узле на верёвках см. Прямой узел. Прямой узел Обозначения Александера–Бриггса[англ.] 3 1 # 3 1 ∗ {\displaystyle 3_{1}\#3_{1}^{*}} Многочлены Александера ( t − 1 + t − 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle (t-1+t^{-1})^{2}} Джонса   ( q − 1 + q − 3 − q − 4 ) ( q + q 3 − q 4 ) = ȡ…

Turismo Pista

Turismo Pista Actual 2024Categoría TurismoUbicación ArgentinaFundación 1987Director general Juan Paulo PelosoCampeonesPiloto campeón Miguel Cangelaro (C1, Fiat Uno)Yair Etcheveste (C2, Chevrolet Corsa)Exequiel Bastidas (C3, Toyota Etios)ParticipantesConstructores Chevrolet Citroën Fiat Ford Peugeot Renault Suzuki Toyota VolkswagenMotores Fiat AudiNeumáticos NSitio oficial[editar datos en Wikidata] El Turismo Pista es una categoría argentina de automovilismo de velocidad. Origina…

Sejarah pakaian

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Sejarah pakaian, penggunaan pakaian secara khusus merupakan ciri masyarakat kebanyakan manusia. Tidak diketahui kapan awal manusia memakai pakaian tapi pakar antropologi percaya bahwa kulit binatang dan kulit pepohonan sebagai bahan pakaian dengan penutu…

Diritti LGBT in Turkmenistan

Il Turkmenistan avvolto dai colori della bandiera lgbt L'omosessualità maschile è illegale nel paese, a differenza di quella femminile.[1] Le persone LGBT non hanno tutele legale e le coppie formate da persone dello stesso sesso non sono legalmente riconosciute. Legge sull'attività sessuale tra persone dello stesso sesso Codice penale del 1997 (entrato in vigore il 1º gennaio 1998):[2] Capitolo 18: Crimini contro la moralità: Sezione 135: atti omosessuali: (1) Gli atti omose…

شعب أبي طالب

شِعْب أبي طالب أو شِعْب بني هاشم،[1] هو المكان الذي قوطعت وحوصرت فيه بنو هاشم لمدة ثلاثة سنوات ابتداء من السنة السابعة من النبوة بسبب قرار اتخذه سادة قريش بداية ظهور الإسلام وذلك للضغط على رسول الله في الإسلام محمد بن عبد الله ولثنيه عن الدعوة للإسلام فتعاهدو على ألا يتعا…

Bilibili
Rusli Marzuki Saria
Borough Market
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Conventional weapon
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Fred Korth
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/1815 Tennessee gubernatorial election
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Lansdowne, Yukon
Grand Hotel van Cleef
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Everybody's Magazine
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Elminster's Ecologies Appendix II: The High Moor / The Serpent Hills
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Humphrey Archeological Site
/profillengkap.com/index.php/en/Ulmus minor 'Viminalis Pulverulenta'
/profillengkap.com/index.php/en/Ari (name)
/profillengkap.com/index.php/Bahasa Yali Angguruk
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Oath of Allegiance (Canada)
Terbis
Zenopolis (Lycia)
ISO 3166-2:CG
Jabon
Gereja Santo Yosep, Samalantan
2008 RY62
Kalikotes, Klaten
Kertasari, Kertajati, Majalengka
Kibid, Gearek, Nduga
Cladocroce infundibulum
Callyspongia septimaniensis
Bajawa Utara, Ngada
Aurelio Lomi
2015 Copeland Borough Council election
The Nameless (song)
Washington Nationals (1886–1889)
Randolph Scott
Arantxa Echevarría
Cannonball (American game show)
2020 Sibiu Cycling Tour
Matthew Riccitello
Faith, Love, Forgiveness
Anna Mucha
قائمة سلاسل ألعاب الفيديو
2009 Beach Volleyball World Championships
I'd Rather
Georges Parfait Mbida Messi
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
energi kinetik
¡Soborno!
CBS Studios
Panji kerajaan
Praying Indian
Baltimore Highlands, Maryland
1960 AFC Asian Cup
HuffPost
History of the Jews in Ghana
My Comic Boyfriend
Teuku Ryan (pemeran, lahir 1994)
James H. Brady
العلاقات الجنوب إفريقية الكمبودية
Kate Williams (actress)
Robert Stephenson and Company
Chris Knox
List of military equipment used by mujahideen during Soviet–Afghan War
Hajji Siab Kandi
WEJF
Whataboutism
Daftar Bupati Berau
Komo, Myanmar
العلاقات التونسية الغينية
Kundalpur, Bihar
Cornelius XBG-3
Anderias Rentanubun
Finnish Kalo language
Riverbend Mall
Metropolis, Illinois
Good agricultural practice
Pembicaraan Templat:Dolo, Sigi
Leinefelde station
Laetare Medal
Tim nasional sepak bola Montenegro
Allium enginii
لقمان حكيم شمس الدين
Weini Kelati
The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo (film)
Kazuyoshi Miura
Carsten Glud
Ralph Ginzburg
Vecchie canaglie
Pretty Handsome Awkward
Associazione Calcio Riunite Messina 1963-1964
Tsui Hark
Kadamba dynasty
Evolutionary computation
Template talk:IATA members
San Joaquin General Hospital
Lower Himalayan Range
Jahnu Barua
Warrego Highway
Pemilihan umum legislatif Indonesia 2019
Realis mood
Tongkonan
Mikša Pelegrinović
Banshenchas
Vincent Richards
Banias
David Swinford
Herenthout
Kim Hye-yoon
Bauer Hockey
Human penis
هانا سيتي (إلينوي)
M8 Greyhound
Little yellow bat
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Kitab Nehemia
Eparki Yelets
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Kanan Devi
Smoking in Vietnam
Crime in the Maldives
Romani people in Argentina
Jagiellonian Library
China National Highway 581
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/en/List of artworks on stamps of the United States
George G. Robertson
The Tigers (film)
Death to My Hometown
Kittilä
Piano Concerto (Vaughan Williams)
Zip line
Sociedades Reunidas de Fabricações Metálicas
Villa Rides
61st Filmfare Awards South
ميلان-سان ريمو 1907
Peristasis (architecture)
Pangur Bán
Chemirgoys
Valença, Bahia
Herbert Schiller
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/en/Daredevil (film)
Plastic shopping bag
O-4310
Jacques Reclus
Paulo Gomes (footballer, born 31 March 1975)
Shrewsbury Library
Oklahoma City Chiefs football
École polytechnique universitaire de l'université Lyon-I
Augmented third
The Day the Sun Turned Cold
Couze Chambon
Sarah Smith (productrice)
Trần Trọng Kim
Glastonbury Festival 2013
Janusz Tomaszewski
Vordell Walker
Kaltjiti
Die Vögel (opera)
18-methoxycoronaridine
Thomas H. Lee Partners
Template talk:New Zealand Squad 1997 Women's Cricket World Cup
Sean Buck
Differdange
FaceTime
Maladie infectieuse émergente
Don Lock
Kinzua Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania
Megareus of Thebes
Hamid Algabid
Harris Dining Hall (Miami University)
Soundtrack 2
Harrigan Learning Center and Museum
Avon, Connecticut
24 juillet aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2024
Laurentia Pasaribu
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Amahai, Maluku Tengah
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ja/YouTube (チャンネル)
1334 papal conclave
Ясная Поляна (Покровский район)
Universitas Hannover
Radang dingin
Iri
Hey Ya!
Dieffenthal
Cumiès
Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch!
Gerald Drummond (athlete)
Blue Mound Township, McLean County, Illinois
Apalaí language
Mount Myohyang
سهمية كلبية
العلاقات النمساوية الجيبوتية
قائمة المواقع الأثرية في محافظة الأحساء
Arene cruentata
Bryan Gallego
Music of Texas
Corcu Duibne
Doetinchem Stadion railway station
2020 World Athletics Label Road Races
لوكاس كانيزاريس
1902–03 Princeton Tigers men's ice hockey season
Jean-Baptiste Landé
Kangirsuk
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
Ravna Rijeka
Faith (Stevie Wonder song)
National Railway Museum
Parliamentary Committees (Greece)
Debate show
Australia men's national water polo team
Völuspá
Meiningen
Symbotic
Serbia at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships
The Prehistoric Society
P. H. Talbot
Chileans
Allied bombing of Rotterdam in World War II
Baladeur
GlobaLeaks
Dinka religion
Ezio Vanoni
Domain Awareness System
Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of North America
2026 IIHF World Championship
Astra Honda Motor
Rachel Perkins
New York State Route 227
Harlequin Air
Zosterops
Juqan
Ergasteria
Coublanc (Saona e Loira)
144 (angka)
Minetarō Mochizuki
Жакото, Анри
De Winton's shrew
Gerald Caravelli
1944 Colorado gubernatorial election
Andi Darussalam Tabusalla
أزمة رهائن مدرسة بسلان
Maurice Richards
Caego
2024 New York's 3rd congressional district special election
Boyan Tanjung, Boyan Tanjung, Kapuas Hulu
Chris DuBois
Sejjil
Patrick Kavanagh (disambiguation)
Ruger No. 1
David B. Weishampel
Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan
Someone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town
Battle of Panjwaii
Larger sieve
United Nations Security Council Resolution 905
U.S. Route 40 in Pennsylvania