D-Company

D-company
Founded	1970s
Founder	Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar; Dawood Ibrahim
Named after	Dawood Ibrahim
Founding location	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Years active	1970s–present
Territory	Asia, Middle East
Leader(s)	Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar (deceased); Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar
Activities	Murder, extortion, targeted killing, drug trafficking, terrorism, multiple bombings, alleged involvement in 1993 Bombay bombings
Allies	Pakistan mafia, Mumbai Underworld
Notable members	Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar, Dawood Ibrahim, Chhota Shakeel, Tiger Memon, Yakub Memon, Abu Salem, Fazlur Rahman (Fazal Sheikh)

D-Company is a name coined by the Indian media for one of Mumbai underworld's organized crime syndicate founded and controlled by Dawood Ibrahim, an Indian crime boss, drug dealer and wanted terrorist. In 2011, Ibrahim, along with his D-Company, was number three on FBI's "The World's 10 Most Wanted Fugitives" list.^[3]

It has been designated as a Global Terrorist Organization under the SDN by the United States Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, with addresses in India, Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates.^[4]

Overview

Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar^[1] and Dawood Ibrahim established a criminal syndicate in 1970s India.^[5]

Other prominent members of the gang include Chhota Shakeel, Tiger Memon^[6] Yakub Memon (linked), Abu Salem and Fazlur Rahman (Fazal Sheikh). The organization has a history of rivalry with the Mumbai police and other underworld dons such as Chhota Rajan, Ejaz Lakdawala, who was arrested in Canada in 2004, and Arun Gawli.

History

In the 1970s, Dawood Ibrahim worked for a local smuggler named Bashu Dada. Bashu Dada was close friends with Dawood's father, who was a policeman. His father wielded immense clout among the gangsters and common people due to his sense of morality and justice, while also being a part of the Crime Branch.^{[citation needed]} However, Bashu Dada and Dawood had a falling-out after Bashu Dada insulted the latter's father. In 1976, Dawood – along with seven of his close friends and his elder brother Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar – attacked Basu Dada with empty soda bottles, a first in the history of gang warfare in Bombay.

After this incident Bashu Dada's key enforcer Khalid Pehlwan persuaded Dawood to start his smuggling operations, which led to the formation of the D-Company. Dawood and his elder brother Shabir, with the help of Khalid Pehlwan, began their smuggling operations. This ultimately led them to clash with the Pathan gang, the most influential gang in Mumbai at the time. By 1986, D Company had eliminated most of the Pathan gang leadership, emerging as the dominant gang in Mumbai.

In 1993, D-Company associates were involved in 1993 Bombay bombings. Few have been jailed for it.^{[citation needed]}

In 1997, D-Company former member Abu Salem and Fazlur Rahman was responsible for the murder of T-Series founder and Bollywood music producer Gulshan Kumar.^[7]

In 2011, Indian intelligence agencies managed to link Dawood Company with the 2G spectrum case, through DB Realty and DB Etisalat (formerly Swan Telecom) promoted by Shahid Balwa. Later in March, security at CBI headquarters in Delhi was tightened after it had been suggested that D-Company might launch an attack in an attempt to destroy documents relating to the ongoing probe of the 2G spectrum case.^[8]^[9]

In 2015, a US Congressional report alleged that the D-Company was a "5,000-member criminal syndicate operating mostly in Pakistan, India, and the United Arab Emirates," which has a "strategic alliance" with ISI and has "forged relationships with Islamists, including Lashkar-e-Taiba and al-Qaida." However, the report had no political implications, and was mainly to brief lawmakers.^[10]

Dawood was also wire-tapped by Indian investigators who found out he had real estate assets in Dubai under someone else's name.^[11]

In 2018, Dr Louise Shelley, Professor at the George Mason University, stated that the D-Company was now mainly based in Pakistan and had diversified its assets like Mexican drug organisations.^[12]

In popular culture

At times, Dawood Company has been linked to the Bollywood film industry, as well as real estate and betting businesses, from which it is said to derive considerable revenue.^{[citation needed]}The 2002 film Company is based loosely on its activities, as well as its sequel (prequel to the storyline) D (2005), Shootout at Lokhandwala (2007), and Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai (2010).^[13] The 2013 film Shootout at Wadala is based on the rise of the D-Company. It also features in Salman Rushdie's 2018 novel The Golden House.

Activity

D-Company makes large amounts of money through extortion, kidnapping, racketeering, drug trafficking, smuggling, narcotics, and contract killings. For example, D-Company took advantage to smuggle gold and silver during Mumbai's economic struggles of the 1980s. According to Materia Islamica, they smuggled approximately 25–30% of India's total gold and silver imports. This created a monopoly that allowed their leader, Dawood Ibrahim, to set his own selling prices throughout India.^[14]

References

^ ^a ^b "Dawood Ibrahim – Convergence of Crime and Terrorism". Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
^ "Shaikh, Dawood Hasan". Interpol. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
^ "Dawood 4th 'most wanted' criminal on Forbes list" Archived 29 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine. The Times of India. (29 April 2008). Retrieved 16 April 2012.
^ "DAWOOD IBRAHIM ORGANIZATION". sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
^ Husain, F. (12 March 1993). "1993 Mumbai blasts". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
^ "Pak High Commissioner: Dawood Ibrahim is not in Pakistan, does India know where he is?". 29 October 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
^ "The Mafia Calls The Shots". Outlook. 25 August 1997. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
^ "2G: Dawood planning to attack CBI HQ?". Zee News. 23 March 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ "Dawood threat to CBI over 2G probe?". The Times of India. 23 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012.
^ "Dawood is a terrorist, has 'strategic alliance' with ISI, says US". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
^ Arvind Ojha, Divyesh Singh, Caught on tape: How underworld don Dawood Ibrahim manages his business empire Archived 9 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Indiatoday.in, 9 April 2018 (accessed on 30 July 2019)
^ Dawood Ibrahim's D-company has diversified, US lawmakers told Archived 23 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Indiatimes.com, 23 March 2018 (accessed on 30 July 2019)
^ "Akshay to play dreaded don Dawood?". Emirates247. 7 March 2011. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ "Materia Islamica - Materia Islamica". materiaislamica.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.

External links

A History of D-Company, It's Businesses and Their 10 Billion Dollar Empire
Flonnet.com, "'D' Company on the run?" FrontLine magazine report, volume 20, issue 04, 15–28 February 2003
HindustanTimes.com, Godfather III: The Terrorist
OutlookIndia.com, Indian Mafia, their Ties, Updates and Experts' Opinions