Anchorage, Alaska (Dena'ina: Dgheyay Kaq'; Dgheyaytnu)[1] has a subarctic climate with the code Dsc according to the Köppen climate classification due to its short, cool summers.[2] The weather on any given day is very unpredictable. Some winters feature several feet of snow and cold temperatures, while the summers are typically mild but are cool compared to the contiguous US and interior Alaska. Because of Anchorage's high latitude, summer days are very long and winter daylight hours are very short. The longest day of sunlight being 18hrs and 21 minutes, and shortest being 5 hours and 28 minutes.[3] Anchorage is often cloudy during the winter, which decreases the amount of sunlight experienced by residents.
Temperature
Averages
Autumn in Eagle River AK
Average daytime summer temperatures range from approximately 55 to 78 °F (12.8 to 25.6 °C);[4] average daytime winter temperatures are about 5 to 30 °F (−15.0 to −1.1 °C).[4] Anchorage has a frost-free growing season that averages slightly over one hundred days. Average January low and high temperatures at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (PANC) are 11 / 23 °F (−11.7 / −5.0 °C) with an average winter snowfall of 75.59 inches, or 1.92 meters. Farther afield at the Campbell Airstrip is another weather station recording colder night temperatures in both summer and winter.[4]
Average July low and high temperatures are 52 / 66 °F (11.1 / 18.9 °C) and the hottest reading ever recorded was 90 °F or 32.2 °C on July 4, 2019.[5]
Between 2000 and 2022 the annual rainfall in Anchorage was 16.7 inches.[6] The months with the highest average mean of rain were August and September, each having an annual mean of 2.75 inches (August) and 3.24 inches (September).
Snowfall
Winter view of Anchorage and the Chugach Mountains
For snowfall, the annual mean average for 2000 to 2022 was 76.4 inches;[7] the highest snowfall season being 2011 - 2012 with 134.5 inches, and the lowest season being 25.1 inches in 2015.
Climate change
Based on the ERA5 data published by ECMWF, the annual mean temperature of Anchorage has increased from 0.8 °C in 1940 to 3.8 °C in 2022, an increase of 3 °C. [8]
The mayor and the assembly of Anchorage in 2019 issued a climate action plan for the anticipated effects that climate change will have on its city and people.[9] The action plan includes all of the municipality of Anchorage, as far north as Eklutna and as south as Portage. One of the major goals of the climate action plan is to reduce green house gas emissions by 80% by the year 2050 from its 2008 emission levels. The first annual report on this came out in 2021. For its near term plans, the city also introduced a plan called the "Municipality of Anchorage Climate Action Strategy."
Due to its proximity to active volcanoes, ash hazards are a significant, though infrequent, occurrence. The most recent notable incident was an August 1992 mark of Mt. Spurr, which is located 78 mi (126 km) west of the city.[needs update] The eruption deposited about 3 mm (0.12 in) of volcanic ash on the city.[10] The cleanup of ash resulted in excessive demands for water and caused major problems for the Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility.[citation needed]
On March 17, 2002, there was a storm that caused 28.6 in of snow to close schools for two days.[11] The storm broke the city record for the most snowfall in a single day. The storm beat the previous record from 1955 on March 16, which was just 15.6 inches. The National Weather Service also recorded this same snow data.[12]
Classifications
Anchorage Climate according to major climate systems
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
^"Station: Anchorage INTL AP, AK". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-07-14. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
^"Station: ANCHORAGE MERRILL FLD, AK". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-08-30. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
^"xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
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