List of cities by sunshine duration
The following is a list of cities by sunshine duration . Sunshine duration is a climatological indicator, measuring duration of sunshine in given period (usually, a day or a year) for a given location on Earth, typically expressed as an averaged value over several years. It is a general indicator of cloudiness of a location, and thus differs from insolation , which measures the total energy delivered by sunlight over a given period.
Sunshine duration is usually expressed in hours per year, or in (average) hours per day. The first measure indicates the general sunniness of a location compared with other places, while the latter allows for comparison of sunshine in various seasons in the same location.[ 1] Another often-used measure is percentage ratio of recorded bright sunshine duration and daylight duration in the observed period.
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Oceania
See also
References
^ "8. Measurement of Sunshine Duration" (PDF) , Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation , WMO, 2008, archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2012
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^ "Odienné–Aero Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Cotonou, Benin Climate Normals 1961–1990" . WMO . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "KANDI Climate Normals 1961–1990" . WMO . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Lome, Togo" . Climatemps . Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Accra, Ghana" . Clima Temps. Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Tamale, Ghana" . Clima Temps . Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Kumasi, Ghana" . Clima Temps . Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Garoua Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Ngaoundéré Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Libreville Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Port-Gentil Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
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^ "Klimatafel von Ouahigouya / Burkina Faso (Obervolta)" (PDF) . Deutscher Wetterdienst . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
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^ "Abeche Climate Normals 1961–1990" . WMO . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
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^ "Gabès Climate Normals 1961–1990" . WMO . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Climatological Information for Rabat, Morocco" . Hong Kong Observatory . Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Marrakech (Marrakesh) Climate Normals 1961–1990" . WMO . Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Ouarzazate Climate Normals 1961–1990" " . WMO . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
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^ "Climatological Information for Mombase, Kenya" . Hong Kong Observatory . Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "WMO Climate Normals for DAGORETTI 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Garissa Climate Normals 1961–1990" . WMO . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
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^ "Average Conditions Kinshasa, Congo Democratic Republic" . BBC. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Climate Statistics for Pretoria, South Africa" . The Weather Network . Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Cape Town Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Johannesburg Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Bloemfontein Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Upington Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Durban Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Sunshine guide to the Gaborone area, Botswana" (PDF) . short.climates.com . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Ndola MET Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "LUSAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Livingstone MET Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Harare Kutsaga Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Bulawayo Airport Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Karonga Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Chileka Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Climatological Information for Mzuzu, Malawi" . Hong Kong Observatory . Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Fianarantsoa Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Tamatave/Toamasina Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Antananarivo Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Diego–Suarez/Antsir (Antsiranana) Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Majunga/Mahajanga Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA . Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Average Conditions Maputo, Mozambique" . BBC Weather . Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "BBC Weather - Bangui" . BBC Weather . BBC Weather. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Birao, Central African Republic" . Climatemps . Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Klimatafel von Bujumbura (Usambara) / Burundi" (PDF) . Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Conakry Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Kankan Climate Normals 1961–1990" . NOAA. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Bissau Climate Guide" . Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Klimatafel von Bata / Insel Mbini / Äquatorial-Guinea" (PDF) . Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "Malabo, Equatorial Guinea" . Climate & Temperature. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2015 .
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1961-1990: Kabul" (TXT) . ncei.noaa.gov . National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2024 . WMO Station Number: 40948
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1964-1983: Faiz abad" (TXT) . ncei.noaa.gov . National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024 . WMO Station Number: 40904
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1964-1983: Kandahar" (TXT) . ncei.noaa.gov . National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2024 . WMO Station Number: 40990
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1968-1983: Kunduz" (TXT) . ncei.noaa.gov . National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024 . WMO Station Number: 40913
^ Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. "Libanon – Beyrouth" (PDF) . Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 167. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013 .
^ "Station 41923 Dhaka" . Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration . Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2018 .
^ "Monthly Meteorological Normals for Hong Kong" . Hong Kong Observatory . Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2018 .
^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集(1971-2000年) (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration . Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2010 .
^ a b "Macao Climate: 30-year Statistics of some meteorological elements" . Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018 .
^ China Meteorological Administration Archived 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Average Sunshine a Year in India, 1961–1990" . Current Results. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015 .
^ "Weatherbase entry for Kolkata" . Canty and Associates LLC. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2006 .
^ "Mumbai Climate and Weather Averages, India" . Weather2Travel. Retrieved 25 June 2013 .
^ "Average Sunshine a Year in India, 1961–1990" . Current Results. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2018 .
^ "Weather Averages for Jakarta, Java, Indonesia Climate.htm" . climatemps.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2013 .
^ "Form 42: MONTHLY TOTAL OF SUNSHINE HOURS Station: Bandar Abbas(40875)" . Chaharmahalmet . IRIMO. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2024 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link )
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Gorgan-40738" (CSV) . ncei.noaa.gov (Excel). National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration . Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024 .
^ *"Monthly total sunshine hours in Esfahan by Month 1951–2010" . Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2015 .
^
"Monthly total sunshine hours in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010" . Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015 .
^ Climatological Norms of Iran synoptic stations Archived 18 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on: September 12, 2011.
^
"Monthly total sunshine hours in Tabriz by Month 1951–2010" . Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015 .
^ I.R. OF IRAN SHAHREKORD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IN PERSIAN) Archived 2016-02-17 at the Wayback Machine . 1988–2010
^ "気象庁|過去の気象データ検索" . www.data.jma.go.jp . Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2022 .
^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値) . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2021 .
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^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値) . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2021 .
^ "Climate and Agricultural Information – Amman" . Horizon Documentation . Jordan Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2023 .
^ "Almaty Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 7 February 2016 .
^ "Akmola (Astana) Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2016 .
^ "Ulaanbaatar Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2015 .
^ "PYONGYANG SUN 1961–1990" . DWD. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2019 .
^ "Seeb Climate Normals" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 7 February 2016 .
^ "Islamabad Climate Normals 1961-1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 16 January 2012 .
^ "Climatological Information for Quetta, Pakistan" . Hong Kong Observatory . Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2019 .
^ "Climatological Information for Dikson, Russia" . Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2011 .
^ "Irkutsk Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 7 February 2016 .
^ "Omsk Climate Normals 1961–1990" . Clima Temps . Retrieved 7 February 2016 .
^ Climatological Norms of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky [1] Archived 10 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on: 7 February 2016.
^
"Vladivostok Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 7 February 2016 .
^ "Climatological Normals of Jakutsk" . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016 .
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^ "Surface annual climatological report" . PME. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
^ "평년값자료(1981–2010) 부산(159)" (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017 .
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^ "Sunshine Duration Taiwan" . Central Weather Administration . 19 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023 .
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^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Adana - Bolge" (CSV) . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023 .
^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 26 June 2021 .
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^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Andijan" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 19 January 2024 .
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^ "Praha Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 28 February 2013 .
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^ "Climate normals for Aarhus, Denmark" . Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020 .
^ "Climate normals for Copenhagen, Denmark" . Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020 .
^ "Climate normals for Bornholm, Denmark" . Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020 .
^ "Climate normals for Tallinn, Estonia" . Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2021 .
^ "Climate normals for Vilsandi, Estonia" . Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2021 .
^ Normales et records pour la période 1991-2020 à Thorshavn. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
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^ "Visualizzazione tabella CLINO della stazione / CLINO Averages Listed for the station Roma Ciampino" . Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2011 .
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^ Bergen#Climate
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^ Tromsø#Climate
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^ a b "Guía resumida del clima en España (1981–2010)" . Archived from the original on 18 November 2012.
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