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Cho In-byŏk
Cho In-byŏk (1330–1393), was a military official in the Late Goryeo dynasty who came from the Hanyang Cho clan. He was the husband of Princess Jeonghwa, who was the sister of the founder of the Joseon dynasty, Yi Sŏng-gye, who granted him the title Internal Prince Yongwon when the dynasty was established.[1] BiographyEarly life and family backgroundCho In-byŏk was born into the Hanyang Cho clan in 1330 as a son of Cho Ton (조돈) and his wife, Lady Yi (부인 이씨), who was the daughter of Yi Hong-bok (이홍복) from the Ganseong Yi clan. He had three younger brothers: Cho In-gyŏng (조인경), Cho In-gyu (조인규), and Cho In-ok (조인옥).[2] His ancestors traced back Goryeo period as a local family from Yongjin-hyeon (용진현; 龍津縣). His great-grandfather, Cho Hwi (조휘), conspired with T'ak Ch'ŏng (탁청; 卓靑) and revolted in Ssangseong (쌍성; 雙城) in 1258 during King Gojong's reign.[3] After they reached the north of Hwaju (화주; 和州) and surrendered to the Yuan dynasty, the position of Ssangseong General Government Office (쌍성총관부) was established, to which the Cho family were hereditarily appointed governors from generation to generation.[4] Military careerIn 1361 (10th year of King Gongmin's reign), Cho (along with Pyŏn An-nyŏl (변안열) and others) contributed when the Red Turbans invaded Goryeo.[5] In 1363, he also contributed to subjugate Kim Yong's Rebellion (김용의 난). In 1372, Hobaldo (호발도; 胡拔都), Janghaema (장해마; 張海馬), and others came to attacked Yiseong (이성; 泥城) and Ganggye (강계; 江界), Cho went out as a judge and subjugated the enemy in Gaju (가주; 家州).[6] Then, when the Japanese plundered Hamju (함주; 咸州) and Bukcheongju (북청주; 北靑州), he marched out and ambushed the soldiers, defeating the Japanese and beheaded at least 70 people. From this achievement, he was worshiped as a bongikdaebu (봉익대부; 奉翊大夫).[7] Reign of King ChangAfter King U was expelled to Ganghwa Island, his son, King Chang, ascended the throne. Around 1388, it was believed that U's birthday was in Dodang (도당; 都堂), so Cho was sent alongside Ku Sŏng-no (구성로) to Ganghwa in order to present clothes for him.[8] When U was in Ganghwa, he was immediately moved to Yeoheung-gun (여흥군; 驪興郡) led by Cho, Chi Yong-gi (지용기), U Hong-su (우홍수), and Yu Chun (유준).[8][incomprehensible] Not long after that, Chang was dethroned and killed alongside his father due to the claims that he was not a true descendant of the House of Wang, but a descendant of Sin Ton. Reign of King GongyangIn 1389 (1st year reign of King Gongyang), Cho was promoted into the position of panuideokbusa (판의덕부사; 判懿德府事) in Gyeongjin.[9] However, when he was rewarded nok-hun (녹훈) for his service to the country, he was believed to already be deceased.[10] Later lifeAfter the new Joseon dynasty was established, Pyŏn An-nyŏl, Wang An-dŏk (왕안덕), Chi Yong-gi, Yi Wŏn-gye (이원계), Chŏng Chi (정지), and Ch'oe Kong-ch'ŏl (최공철) all became the second rank merit subjects.[11] Family
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