Amarna letter EA 288 , titled Benign Neglect, [ 1] clay tablet letter, approximately 7.5 in tall x 4.5 in wide, broken into two pieces, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem , of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters . The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe "; EA 288 is a moderately long, and involved letter.
The Amarna letters , about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence . The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten 's city Akhetaten , in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh ; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.
Letter EA 288 (also see here-(Obverse): [1] ), is numbered VAT 1643, from the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin .
A summary of letter structure: EA 288 begins with a short address to the Pharaoh. Immediately, 3 segue paragraphs begin the letter, as "dramatic statements" by the Jerusalem scribe (and Abdi-Heba ); a fourth segued statement follows. Then the purpose of the letter begins, covering the second half of the letter's obverse and the reverse .
Paragraphs I-VIII (IX), complete the letter's obverse (as seen in photo).
Obverse (See here: [2] )
(Line 1)—[ A ]-na 1.lugal-ri -EN -ia {d} Utu -ia qi2-[ bi -ma ][ 2] [ 3]
(2)—um -ma 1.ARAD2-Hi-Ba ARAD2 -ka -ma –.–.–.–(message Abdi-Heba Servant-yours)
(3)—a -na 2. giri3-meš lugal-EN -ia 7. ta -a -an –.–(at 2.(Both) Feet(s) King-Lord-mine --///-- 7. (times) )
(4)—ù 7. ta -a -an am -qut -mi –.–(..and 7. (times) --///-- I bow ! (?I address you?) ) Paragraph II (5)—A -mur !..ri -EN -ia ša -ka -an –.–( ! Look (here) ! .. King-Lord-mine --///-- (You) Emplaced )
(6)—szum3-szu a -na mu -s,i {d} Utu XX1–.–.–.–.–( Name-his At (the) "Setting" god Sun XX1 )
(7)—ù ir -bi {d} Utu XX2 ha -an -pa –.–( and (the) Rising(entering) god Sun XX2 --///-- growing abundantly ! )
(8)—ša ih -nu -pu a -na mu -hi -ia –.–(.. which "grows abundantly" For Me ! (?Me & Us? ) Paragraph III (9)—A -mur !..a -na -ku --///-- la -a Lú-Ha -zi -a -nu –.–( ! Look (here) ! --//-- {"-I- --///-- Not"} (a) Mayor (Hazzanu) ! )
(10)—Lú-ú -a -ú --////--a -na lugal-ri -EN -ia –.–( (a) Soldier --////-- For King-Lord-mine ! )
Obverse (See here: [3] )
EA 288, Obverse (Vorderseite) (Line 1)—A na Šar-Ri -Beli-ia d Utu qa bû [ 2] [ 3]
(2)—um ma Abdi-HeBa ardu -su
(3)—A na 2. giri3-meš Sarri-Beli-ia 7. (times)
(4)—u3 7. (ta-a-an)(times) maqātu ! Paragraph II (5)—( ! Amāru ! .. Šar-Ri - Belu-ia --///-- (You) šakānu ..)
(6)—šumu-šu a na mu šu {d} Utu XX1
(7)—ù erē bu {d} Utu XX2 --//-- ha nā bu !
(8)—ša ha nā bu mu hhu -ia Paragraph III (9)—( ! Amāru ! .. a nā ku --///-- l ā --///-- (a)Mayor (Hazzanu)
(10)—Lú-ú -a -ú --////-- a na Šar-Ri - Beli-ia !
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Obverse, (Vorderseite): m šarri(LUGAL)ri bêli(EN)-ia d ša[mš]i(UTU)[-ia q]í[-bi-ma]m abdi(ÁRAD)-ḫi -ba ardu(ÁRAD)-ka-ma(m) šêpē(GÌRImeš ) šarri(LUGAL) bêl(EN)-ia 7(m) -ta-a-an(m) -ta-a-an am-qut-miri bêli(EN)-ia ša-ka-and šamši(UTU)ši d šamši(UTU)ši ḫa-an-palú ḫa-zi-a-nulú ú-e-ú <a-na-ku> a-na šarri(LUGAL)ri bêli(EN)-ialú ruì šarri(LUGAL)ri ri a-na-kulú ad-da-a-ni ia-a-nu-mimunus um-mi-ia zu-ru-uḫ šarri(LUGAL)ri dannu(KAL.GA)lú ad-da-[a-ni](u) lú ardūti(ÁRADmeš )[ a-na q]a-[t]i-[šu]m šu-ú-ta lú rabiṣ(MÁŠKIM) šarri(LUGAL)ri ka-š[a-ad](u) 1(m) munus mârāti(DUMU.MUNUSmeš )(géš) 2(u) lú.meš a-ší-ri na-ad-na-tim šu-ú-ta qîšat(NÍG.BA) šarri(LUGAL) bêli(EN)-iari a-na mâti(KUR)-šuri gáb-ba-šaḫi.a ) še-e-riki a-di alu(IRI) gín-ti-ki-ir-mi-illú.meš ḫa-zi-a-nu-tilú ḫa-pí-ri(m) înā(IGImeš ) šarri(LUGAL)Reverse, (Rückseite):
EA 288, Reverse , (Rückseite ) ḫi -ia ša-ak-na-tigeš elippa(MÁ) i-na lìb-bi tâmti(A.AB.BA)kur na-aḫ-ri-maki kur ka-<pa-si>ki x ka-a-siki ù i-na-an-naḫi.a ) šarri(LUGAL)ri lú.meš ḫa-pí-ru(m)-en lú ḫa-zi-a-nuri bêli(EN)-ia ḫal-qu gáb-bum tu-ur-ba-zu gaz(GAZ) d[e4 -k]aki qa-al šarru(LUGAL)ru m zi-im-ri-da alu(IRI) la-ki-siki meš ) ip-šu a-na lú.meš ḫa-pí-rim ia-ap-ti-iḫ-d adda(IŠKUR) gaz(GAZ) te-k[a]ru ][ru a-na mâti(KUR)-šu]ru pa-ni-šu ù [lu-ṣi-m]imeš ] ṣâbē(ÉRINmeš ) pi-ṭa-ti a-na mâti(KUR)-š[u]meš ) pi-ṭa-tu4 ḫi.a ) šarri(LUGAL)ri bêli(EN)-ialú.meš ḫa-zi-a-nu-timeš ) pi-ṭa-tu4 ru lú rabiṣa(MÁŠKIM) ù li-il-qé-a-nimeš ) ù Ba.Bad(BA.ÚŠ)4 it-ti šarru(LUGAL)ru bêli(EN)-nulú túp-šar(DUB.SAR) šarri(LUGAL)ri bêli(EN)-iam abdi(ÁRAD)-ḫi-ba ardu(ÁRAD)-ma a-na 2(m) šêp[ē](GÌRImeš )5 meš r[i] lú] ardu(ÁRAD)-[ka ù l]ú mâru(DUMU)-ka a-na-ku
[ 4]
Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative ),[ 2] Akkadian , and English .
Paragraph -(lines 23-33)Note: Segue -(transition ), from Obverse,
EA 288, Obverse (Vorderseite) (Sub-Section 1 of 4) , (lines 23-26)mi lugal -ri a -na kur -šu u (Šár ru )Šarru -ri a na mātu -šu –!King ri Land -His –!hal -qà-at kur lugal -ri gáb -ba -ša hal āqu mātu Šarru ri gab bu [ 5] ša ,land -("region") King ri gáb -ba -ša gab bu -ša –ṣa -ba -ta -ni nu -KÚR -tú a -na ia -a -ši ṣa bā t u nu kurtu a na I ā ši –!a -di kur -hi .a e -ri ki a -di Gín -ti -Ki -ir -mi -il a di mātu -(pl.) -(matāti) Šeriki a di Gín ti -k -ir -m -il –!lands (pl.) Šeri, plus GintiKirmil–!(Sub-Section 2 of 4) , (lines 27-28)mu a -na gáb -bi , lú .meš ha -zi -a -nu -ti mu a na gab bu , lú (amēlu )meš Ha z a nnu –!,Peace for all, Men pl. [ 6] Governors )–!, ù nu -kur -tú a -na ia -a -ši U nukurtu a na I ā ši –!But warfare for Me- (Governor of Jerusalem )–!(Sub-Section 3 of 4) , (lines 29-31.5)ip -ša -ti e-nu -ma lú ha -pí -ri Epē šu [ 7] nū ma lú Ha pi ru –!(I am)-made now (as a) (("rebel"))-MAN Habiru –! ù la -a a -mar 2(m) înā(IGImeš ) šarri(LUGAL)u l ā am āru 2 īnupl. Šarru -(Phar.)-and not ((able to)) see (2 eyes)pl. ("Face/Countenance") (of-the) King -ia , ki-i nu-kúr-tú–!ia —-Lord-mine — (Sub-Section 4 of 4) , (lines 31.5-33)ki -i nu -kúr -tu k ī nu kur tu –! —— "Because–of" warfare–! —
Reverse, (Rückseite):
(Sub-Section 4 of 4) , (lines 31.5-33)Sub-Paragraph—Exclamation -(lines 31.5-33)
EA 288, Reverse , (Rückseite ) 31.5--------ki -i nu -kúr -tu k ī nu kur tu –! —
((Reverse side starts here)) 32. a -na muḫḫi(UGU)ḫi -ia ša -ak -na -ti a na muhhu-(ia ) ša kā nu [ 8] nū -ma geš i -na lìb-bi tâmti(A.AB.BA)nū ma giš MÁ (eleppu) i na libbu tâmtu(A.AB.BA)-(the sea)–!Now (I am) ((wooden)) SHIP in the HEART-(middle) (of a) STORM-! (middle of the sea–! ) End of Sub-Sections End of segue -(transition), to Reverse (lines 23-31.5, 31.5-33)Paragraph , (lines 34-40)
34. qât(ŠU ) zu-ru -uḫ šarri(LUGAL ) dannatu(KAL.GAqātu zuruh , Šarru kal-gaHand strong, King -mightykur na -aḫ -ri -ma ki ha lāqu KUR n aḫ ri ma ki –!land ((region)) Nahrima -(i.e. Aram-Naharaim )–!ù kur ka -<pa -si>ki x ka -a -siki ù i -na -an -na u kur ka -((<pa ))-si>ki x ka -a -siki , u e ni n na and land Kasi (( x Kasi )), and nowù i -na -an -na U e ni n na And nowḫi.a ) šarri(LUGAL )ri ḫi .a Šarru ri ḫi .a King ti -le-qé-ú lú .meš ḫa -pí -ru hal āqu lú -meš ḫa pí ru –!men pl. Hapiru –!ia -a -nu -mi 1(m)-en lú ha # -zi -a -nu ia -a -nu -mi 1(m)-EN (bēlu), — lú (amēlu )Man Governor ),..a -na šarri(LUGAL)ri ia , — hal -qu gáb -bu–!a na Šarru -ri EN-ia —,gáb -buhal āqu gabbu –!Paragraph -(l. 41-47)
41. a -mur 1=diš tu-ur-ba-zu gaz(GAZ# ) d[e4 -k]a-(dâku)am āru–! — 1=diš Turbazu gaz(GAZ# ) d[e4 -k]a-(dâku)i -na abul(KÁ.GAL) alu(IRI # ) sí-lu-úki qa-al šarru(LUGAL)ru i na abullu ālu Silu ki ga-al šarru (LUGAL)ru Silu ki , "tragedy"?, King ru a -mur 1=m(male)=diš zi -im -ri -da alu(IRI ) la # -ki # -si ki am āru–! — 1=m(male)=diš Zimredda ālu(IRI ) Lachishki m Zimredda city Lachish ig -gi -ú -šu ardūtu(ÁRAD meš ip -šu a -na lú # .meš ḫa # -pí # -ri # ig -gi -ú -šu ardu -meš , epē šu [ 7] a na lú # .meš -ha pi ru pl. ), "committed" to men (amēlu)-pl. -(Hapiru ("done by men-Hapiru "))m d adda(IŠKUR) gaz(GAZ) te -k[a # ]m=1=diš Yaptih-Hadda gaz(GAZ) te -k[a # ]m=1=diš Yaptih-Hadda slaini -n]a abul(KÁ.GAL) alu(IRI) zi -lu -ú ka -al i na abullu ālu Silu ki ka -al Silu ki ?killed,ru ]Paragraph -(l. ?47-53)
47. [a-mi]-nim [l]a-a i-ša-al-šu[-nu šarru(LUGAL)ru ][ru a-na mâti(KUR)-šu]ru pa-ni-šu ù [lu-ṣi-m]imeš meš ) pí -ta -ti a -na mâti(KUR )-š[u LÚ meš pl. pí ta ti , — a na māti(KUR )pl. ) army-(pl. ) pítati , — for land-hisšum # ma ia -a -nu -mi ṣâbē(ÈRINmeš ) pi -ṭa -tu4 u šum ma ia -a -nu -mi ṣābu-meš pi -ṭa -tu4 and if "there is not" army-(pl. )-pítati -- (lines 57 & 51 are identical )i -na šatti(MU) an -ni -ti ḫal -qa -at a -ba -da -at i na šattu (MU) an n û , — ḫalā q u a -ba -da -at (abātu-"destroyed"?): (–gl – gáb-bi _mâtat(KURHI .A SÀR -ri _ _bêli(EN )_-ia : (–gl – gabbu mātuHI .A SÀR-ru , bēlu -ia , —!p l. King , Lord -mine , —!Paragraph -(l. 54-61)
54. la -a i -qa -bi -ú a -na pa -ni šarri(_LUGAL _) bêli(_EN _)-ia l ā q a b û pā nu , — King Bēlu -mine This-is )-"Not spoken before", — King Lord -mine ))nu -ma ḫal -qa -at mât(_KUR _) _šarri(ŠÀRru _) bêli(_EN _)-ia nū ma ḫalā q u mātu(KUR ), – Šarri(LUGAL ) bēlu(EN )-ia –! —mine –! —ù hal -qu gáb -bi lú .meš ha -zi -a -nu -ti u ḫalā qu gab bu , – lú (amēlu )-meš -Ha z a nnu –!,and over-taken all, – men -(pl. )-Hazannu –!šum -ma ia -a -nu -mi ṣâbē(ÈRINmeš ) pi -ṭa -tu4 šum ma ia -a -nu -mi ṣābu-meš pi -ṭa -tu4 ,pl. )-pítati , -- (lines 57 & 51 are identical )i -na šatti(MU) an -ni -ti lu -ma -še -er i na šattu (MU) an n û , — lu -ma -še -er lu -ma -še -er (?lūman)-"Now, alas!"?)ru lú rabiṣa(MÁŠKIM) ù li-il-qé-a-nimeš ) ù Ba.Bad(BA.ÚŠ)4 it-ti šarru(LUGAL)ru bêli(EN)-nuParagraph , lines 62-66Note: Final address to the "King-Lord-mine" Pharaoh , and Pharaoh's scribe )
62. [ a -na ] _lú #lugal -ri _ _EN _-ia A na lú #šarru -(=țuppu-šarru, Tablet-King, i.e. "Scribe"), ((u)) Šarru -ri bēlu -ia "King -Lord-mine" um -ma ] m abdi(ÁRAD)-ḫi-ba ardu(ÁRAD)-ma a -na 2(m) šêp[ē](GÌRImeš #um ma 1(=diš ) -ÁRAD -hi -ba , ardu a na 2 _šepupl. _# Abdi-Heba , servant at the 2-feetpl. am -q]ut # -mi, še-ri-ib, a -wa-ta5 meš # ma qātu , șēru, ((my))-"Story", (word(pl.) ) (=a matu pl. )#pl. )b]a #-na -ti a -na šarri_(LUGAL )r[i] _[b]a nû A, & banû B a na (Šár ru )Šarru -[ ri ]and 'to-be-good' ", for King-[ ri ]Line 66, on Left side dan niš (MA .GAL ) _lú] ÁRAD )_-[ ka ù ] _lú DUMU )_-ka a -na -ku lú ]ka –!, u] (anāku)-lú ]dūmu -ka anāku((as verb, "I am"))–!son -(="Compatriot")-yours ( I(=anāku) = "I am", (as verb) )–!
See also
Abdi-Heba Amarna letters–phrases and quotations List of Amarna letters by size
Amarna letter EA 5 , EA 9 , EA 15 , EA 19 , EA 26 , EA 27 , EA 35 , EA 38 EA 153 , EA 161 , EA 288, EA 364 , EA 365 , EA 367
References
^ Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 289, "Benign Neglect" , pp. 330-332.^ a b c CDLI page for EA 288 ^ a b Linear style of Rainey, 1970
^ Foto, Transkription und Zeichnung von EA 288 auf Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (englisch).^ Rainey , 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379 , Glossary:Vocabulary , gabbu , pp. 55-87, p. 63; English: "all". ^ Rainey , 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379 , Glossary:Vocabulary , hazannu , pp. 55-87, p. 64.^ a b Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh , Glossary, pp. 119-145, epēsu , p. 124; English , "to do, place, treat".
^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh , Glossary, pp. 119-145, šakānu , p. 140; English , "to place, set".
Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0 )Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh , Parpola, Simo , Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project , c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.
Rainey , 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Anson F. Rainey , (AOAT 8, Alter Orient Altes Testament 8 )
Ext links
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