Benfica played in the Primeira Liga as three-time defending champions, and were successful in defending their title, becoming a four-time champions (tetra) for the first time in their history; setting a new record of 36 league titles. In the Taça da Liga, Benfica, who also participated as the three-time defending holders, lost to eventual winners Moreirense in the semi-finals. It was Benfica's first defeat in the competition since 31 October 2007, which ended a 42-game unbeaten run. In the Taça de Portugal, Benfica beat Vitória de Guimarães to win their 26th trophy – a new record. With this victory, Benfica also achieved their 11th double (dobradinha) and second treble of league, cup and super cup, 36 years after the first one.
Internationally, Benfica played in the UEFA Champions League, where they reached the knockout phase for the first time in two consecutive years. They were eliminated from the competition in round of 16 by Borussia Dortmund on 4–1 aggregate.
Source: Liga Portugal Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Head-to-head away goals scored; 5) Goal difference; 6) Matches won; 7) Goals scored; 8) Play-off. (Note: The LPFP decided that only criteria 1, 5, 6 and 7 would be applied to establish the classification during the competition.)[14] (C) Champions Notes:
^ abSince Benfica won the 2016–17 Taça de Portugal, the spot awarded to the cup winner (Europa League group stage) was passed to the fourth-placed team and the spot originally meant for the fourth-placed team (Europa League third qualifying round) was given to the sixth-placed team.
^ abcThe matches were originally to be played on 30 November, 29 December and 4 January respectively, but were postponed because of Benfica's tight schedule around the original date of matchday 1.[16]
Source: LPFP and links in notes. Ordered by , and = Number of bookings; = Number of sending offs after a second yellow card; = Number of sending offs by a direct red card.
^"Plantel Principal" [Main squad]. S.L. Benfica (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
^"Squad". Liga Portugal. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
^"Benítez e D. Coutinho rescindiram" [Benítez and D. Coutinho rescinded]. S.C. Braga (in Portuguese). 30 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^"Staff". S.L. Benfica. Archived from the original on 23 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
^"Staff". thefinalball.com. Retrieved 5 January 2017.