Time in Brazil

Time in Brazil, since 25 April 2019.
Time in Brazil
  ACT Acre Time UTC−5 (BRT–2)
  AMT Amazon Time UTC−4 (BRT−1)
  BRT Brasília Time UTC−3 (BRT)
  FNT Fernando de Noronha Time UTC−2 (BRT+1)

Time in Brazil is calculated using standard time, and the country (including its offshore islands) is divided into four standard time zones: UTC−02:00, UTC−03:00, UTC−04:00 and UTC−05:00.[1]

Time zones

Fernando de Noronha time (UTC−02:00)

This is the standard time zone only on a few small offshore Atlantic islands. The only such island with a permanent population is Fernando de Noronha, with 3,167 inhabitants (2022 census), 0.0016% of Brazil's population.[2] The other islands (Trindade and Martim Vaz, Rocas Atoll and Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago) either are totally uninhabited or have small seasonally rotating Brazilian Navy garrisons or teams of scientists.

Brasília time (UTC−03:00)

The main time zone of Brazil comprises the states in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions (except the small islands mentioned above), plus the states of Goiás, Tocantins, Pará and Amapá, and the Federal District, which includes the national capital city, Brasília. About 93% of the Brazilian population live in this time zone, which covers about 60% of the country's land area.[2] It includes 26 of the 28 largest metropolitan areas in Brazil.

Amazon time (UTC−04:00)

This time zone is used in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, and most of Amazonas. Although this time zone covers about 36% of the land area of Brazil (an area larger than Argentina), only about 6% of the country's population live there (about 12 million people, slightly more than the city of São Paulo).[2] Thus, covering the country's remaining two metropolitan areas (Manaus, Boa Vista).

Until 2008, the areas of the state of Pará west of the Xingu River and north of the Amazon River (aka the northwestern part of the said state) were also part of this time zone; then they joined the rest of the state in observing Brasília time (UTC−03:00). Although other changes to Brazilian time zones enacted at that time have since been reverted (see below), western and northern Pará still remain in UTC−03:00.

Acre time (UTC−05:00)

This time zone was reinstated in late 2013, after having been abolished for over five years. It is used in the far-western tip of the country, which includes the entire state of Acre and the southwestern portion of the state of Amazonas (west of a line connecting the cities of Tabatinga and Porto Acre).[a] These areas cover only about 4% of the Brazilian territory (although that is still about the size of Germany) and have only about 0.5% of the country's population (little more than one million people).[2]

On 24 June 2008, these areas advanced their clocks by an hour, so that they became part of the UTC−04:00 time zone.[7] However, in a non-binding referendum held on 31 October 2010, a slight majority of Acre voters voted in favour of returning the state to UTC−05:00.[8] On 30 October 2013, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff enacted Law 12876, establishing that the time zone switch would occur on Sunday, 10 November 2013.[9] Since then, the state of Acre and the southwestern part of the state of Amazonas[a] are again 5 hours behind UTC.

Unofficial observance

Unofficially, 32 municipalities in eastern Mato Grosso,[b] located in the Araguaia valley, observe UTC−03:00, Brasília time.[10][11][12]

Unofficially, some municipalities in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Bataguassu, Aparecida do Taboado, Cassilândia and Chapadão do Sul, also observe UTC−03:00, Brasília time.[13][14]

Daylight saving time

Main article: Daylight saving time in Brazil

Brazil observed daylight saving time (DST; Portuguese: horário de verão, "summer time") in the years of 1931–1933, 1949–1953, 1963–1968 and 1985–2019. Initially it applied to the whole country, but from 1988 it applied only to part of the country, usually the southern regions, where DST is more useful due to a larger seasonal variation in daylight duration. It typically lasted from October or November to February or March.[15]

The most recent DST rule specified advancing the time by one hour during the period from 00:00 on the first Sunday in November to 00:00 on the third Sunday in February (postponed by one week if the latter fell on carnival), applicable only to the South, Southeast and Central-West regions,[15] which comprise about 65% of the Brazilian population.[2] During DST, Brasília time moved from UTC−03:00 to UTC−02:00; the other states that did not follow DST observed a change of the offset to Brasília time.

Brazil abolished DST in 2019.[15]

IANA time zone database

The IANA time zone database contains 16 zones for Brazil. Columns marked with * are from the file zone.tab of the database.

c.c.* coordinates* TZ* comments* UTC offset DST
BR −0351−03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands −02:00 -
BR −0127−04829 America/Belem Pará (east), Amapá −03:00 -
BR −0343−03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB) −03:00 -
BR −0803−03454 America/Recife Pernambuco −03:00 -
BR −0712−04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins −03:00 -
BR −0940−03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe −03:00 -
BR −1259−03831 America/Bahia Bahia −03:00 -
BR −2332−04637 America/Sao_Paulo Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS) −03:00 -
BR −2027−05437 America/Campo_Grande Mato Grosso do Sul −04:00 -
BR −1535−05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso −04:00 -
BR −0226−05452 America/Santarem Pará (west) −03:00 -
BR −0846−06354 America/Porto_Velho Rondônia −04:00 -
BR +0249−06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima −04:00 -
BR −0308−06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east) −04:00 -
BR −0640−06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west) −05:00 -
BR −0958−06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre −05:00 -

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b The municipalities of Atalaia do Norte, Eirunepé, Envira, Guajará and Ipixuna are located entirely west of the line. Part of the municipalities of Benjamin Constant and Tabatinga, including their seats and most of their population, are also located west of the line. Part of the municipalities of Boca do Acre, Itamarati, Jutaí, Pauini and São Paulo de Olivença are located west of the line, but their seats and almost their entire population are located east of it.[3] Amaturá and Lábrea are sometimes cited as municipalities in UTC−05:00,[4][5] but they are located entirely east of the line. The seat of Lábrea uses UTC−04:00.[6]
  2. ^ Água Boa, Alto Araguaia, Alto Boa Vista, Alto Taquari, Araguaiana, Araguainha, Barra do Garças, Bom Jesus do Araguaia, Campinápolis, Canabrava do Norte, Canarana, Cocalinho, Confresa, General Carneiro, Luciara, Nova Nazaré, Nova Xavantina, Novo Santo Antônio, Novo São Joaquim, Pontal do Araguaia, Ponte Branca, Porto Alegre do Norte, Querência, Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirãozinho, Santa Cruz do Xingu, Santa Terezinha, São Félix do Araguaia, São José do Xingu, Serra Nova Dourada, Torixoréu and Vila Rica.

References

  1. ^ Decree no. 2784, of 18 June 1913, Presidency of Brazil. (in Portuguese)
  2. ^ a b c d e "Tabela 4714 – população residente, área territorial e densidade demográfica" [Table 4714 – resident population, territorial area and population density] (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. 2022.
  3. ^ "Mapa dos locais de votação" [Map of voting locations] (in Portuguese). Regional Electoral Court of Amazonas. 9 August 2022.
  4. ^ "Votação em todo o país seguirá o horário de Brasília (DF)" [Voting in the whole country will follow Brasília time] (in Portuguese). Superior Electoral Court. 30 October 2022.
  5. ^ "Candidados do Amazonas devem ficar atentos ao fuso horário" [Applicants from Amazonas should be mindful of the time zone] (in Portuguese). Ministry of Education of Brazil. 31 October 2018.
  6. ^ "Pregão eletrônico nº 9/2022" [Electronic auction no. 9/2022] (in Portuguese). Federal Institute of Amazonas. 25 July 2022.
  7. ^ "Brazil Abolishes Its Fourth Time Zone in 2008". Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  8. ^ "Time Zone Change is Possible in Acre, Brazil".
  9. ^ Subdirectorate for Legal Affairs. "Lei nº 12.876, de 30 de outubro de 2013" [Law no. 12,876 of 30 October 2013] (in Portuguese). The Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  10. ^ "No clock change for parts of Mato Grosso, Brazil". Timeanddate.com. 25 October 2011.
  11. ^ "Municípios do Araguaia trocam horário de Brasília por de MT durante horário de verão" [Araguaia municipalities swap Brasilia time for that of Mato Grosso during summer time] (in Portuguese). Olhar Direto. 19 October 2013.
  12. ^ "Começa horário de verão e Araguaia passa a seguir horário de MT" [Summer time begins and Araguaia starts following Mato Grosso time] (in Portuguese). Água Boa News. 10 October 2015.
  13. ^ "Por intermédio de Eduardo Rocha, técnico da Energisa irá falar sobre o fornecimento de Bataguassu" [By mediation of Eduardo Rocha, an Energisa technician will talk about the supply of Bataguassu] (in Portuguese). Jornal do Estado. 24 November 2017.
  14. ^ "Um estado, 'dois' fusos: cidades de MS geram confusão e curiosidade por diferenças no horário" [One state, 'two' time zones: cities of MS generate confusion and curiosity due to differences in time] (in Portuguese). G1. 27 December 2023.
  15. ^ a b c "Decrees on daylight saving time in Brazil" (in Portuguese). National Observatory of Brazil. Retrieved 2019-11-25.