1856 United States House of Representatives election in Florida

1856 United States House of Representatives election in Florida

October 6, 1856

Nominee George Sydney Hawkins James McNair Baker Party Democratic Know Nothing Popular vote 6,392 5,650 Percentage 53.08% 46.92%

County Results Hawkins   50–59%   60–69%   70–79%   80–89% Baker   50–59%   60–69%   70–79% No Votes   No Votes

Representative before election Augustus Maxwell Democratic Elected Representative George Sydney Hawkins Democratic

The 1856 United States House of Representatives election in Florida was held on Monday, October 6, 1856, to elect the single United States Representative from the state of Florida, one from the state's single at-large congressional district, to represent Florida in the 35th Congress. The election coincided with the elections of other offices, including the presidential election, the senatorial election, the gubernatorial election, and various state and local elections.[1]

The winning candidate would serve a two-year term in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1859.

Background

Florida's single seat in the House of Representatives had been held by the Democrats since 1852. In the 1854 election, the Democratic Party made key gains in the former Whig strongholds of Pensacola and Jacksonville. By 1856, the Whig Party had collapsed, and they were replaced in the South by the Know Nothing Party, also known as the American Party, which was serving as a successor to the prior Anti-Masonic Party.

Candidates

Democratic

Nominee

• George Sydney Hawkins, federal judge for the Northern District of Florida and former associate justice of the Supreme Court of Florida[2]

Withdrawn

• Frederick L. Villepigue, secretary of state of Florida[3]

Know Nothing

Nominee

• James McNair Baker, state attorney for the Columbia County Circuit Court[4]

Campaign

Baker campaigned heavily alongside the Know Nothing candidates for president and governor, former President Millard Fillmore and former Tallahassee Mayor David S. Walker, respectively.[5] However, Baker fell severely ill during the election and was not able to campaign properly for the last few months, instead relying on Walker to campaign for him. This put Baker, a political unknown, at a severe disadvantage to Hawkins, who was a popular judge throughout the state.[6]

General election

Results

Florida's at-large congressional district election, 1856[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	George Sydney Hawkins	6,392	53.08%	−2.18%
	Know Nothing	James McNair Baker	5,650	46.92%	N/A
Majority			742	6.16%	−4.37%
Turnout			12,042	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Results by County

County[8]	George Sydney Hawkins Democratic		James McNair Baker Know Nothing		Total votes
	#	%	#	%
Alachua	337	63.83%	191	36.17%	528
Brevard	10	66.67%	5	33.33%	15
Calhoun	112	62.57%	67	37.43%	179
Columbia	419	45.05%	511	54.95%	930
Dade	0	0%	0	0%	0
Duval	268	35.26%	492	64.74%	760
Escambia	260	52.42%	236	47.58%	496
Franklin	178	67.17%	87	32.83%	265
Gadsden	385	49.23%	397	50.77%	782
Hamilton	195	48.03%	211	51.97%	406
Hernando	122	58.65%	86	41.35%	208
Hillsborough	316	67.09%	155	32.91%	471
Holmes	44	29.93%	103	70.07%	147
Jackson	414	47.48%	458	52.52%	872
Jefferson	374	71.37%	150	28.63%	524
Leon	438	56.88%	332	43.12%	770
Levy	57	44.53%	71	55.47%	128
Liberty	97	56.73%	74	43.27%	171
Madison	469	48.91%	490	51.09%	959
Manatee	24	42.11%	33	57.89%	57
Marion	361	58.13%	260	41.87%	621
Monroe	235	80.20%	58	19.80%	293
Nassau	106	53.54%	92	46.46%	198
Orange	51	52.58%	46	47.42%	97
Putnam	117	50.87%	113	49.13%	230
Santa Rosa	206	40.71%	300	59.29%	506
St. Johns	195	74.43%	67	25.57%	262
Sumter	93	58.13%	67	41.88%	160
Volusia	26	38.24%	42	61.76%	68
Wakulla	155	45.72%	184	54.28%	339
Walton	177	51.60%	166	48.40%	343
Washington	151	53.08%	106	46.92%	257
Totals	6,392	53.08%	5,650	46.92%	12,042

See also

• 1856 United States presidential election in Florida
• United States House of Representatives elections, 1856
• 1856 Florida gubernatorial election

References

1. "Our Campaigns - FL At Large Race - Oct 06, 1856". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
2. "Judge George Sydney Hawkins". Pensacola Gazette. March 8, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
3. "1856 Florida Democratic Convention". Pensacola Gazette. April 26, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
4. "Our Candidate". Pensacola Gazette. June 21, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
5. "Col. Baker in Pensacola". Pensacola Gazette. August 19, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
6. "Grand Rally!". Pensacola Gazette. August 12, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
7. "FL At Large - 1856". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
8. Jones, James S. (November 29, 1856). "Official Vote for Governor". Floridian & Journal. p. 3. Retrieved September 12, 2022.