Raktopamin

Raktopamin
Nama
	Nama IUPAC (preferensi) 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol
Penanda
Nomor CAS	97825-25-7 ;
Model 3D (JSmol)	Gambar interaktif;
3DMet	{{{3DMet}}}
ChEBI	CHEBI:82644 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL509336 ;
ChemSpider	50604 ;
Nomor EC
MeSH	Ractopamine
PubChem CID	56052;
Nomor RTECS	{{{value}}}
UNII	57370OZ3P1 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7048378 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H23NO3/c1-13(2-3-14-4-8-16(20)9-5-14)19-12-18(22)15-6-10-17(21)11-7-15/h4-11,13,18-22H,2-3,12H2,1H3 Key: YJQZYXCXBBCEAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C18H23NO3/c1-13(2-3-14-4-8-16(20)9-5-14)19-12-18(22)15-6-10-17(21)11-7-15/h4-11,13,18-22H,2-3,12H2,1H3 Key: YJQZYXCXBBCEAQ-UHFFFAOYAP;
	SMILES OC(c1ccc(O)cc1)CNC(C)CCc2ccc(O)cc2;
Sifat
Rumus kimia	C18H23NO3
Massa molar	301,39 g·mol−1
Kelarutan dalam air	4100 mg/L
	Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada suhu dan tekanan standar (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verifikasi (apa ini ?)
	Referensi

Raktopamin (/rækˈtɒpəmaɪn, -miːn/) adalah sebuah tambahan pakan hewan yang dipakaikan terhadap hewan-hewan ternak di berbagai negara, namun dilarang di negara lainnya.^[1]^[2] Pakan tersebut umum dipakaikan ke hewan untuk produksi daging sebagai raktopamin hidroklorida.^[3] Pakat tersebut adalah bahan aktif dalam produk-produk yang dipasarkan di AS dengan merek Paylean untuk babi, Optaflexx untuk sapi, dan Topmax^[4] untuk kalkun.^[5] Pakan tersebut dikembangkan oleh Elanco Animal Health, sebuah divisi dari Eli Lilly and Company.

Pada 2014, pemakaian raktopamin dilarang di 160 negara,^[6] yang meliputi Uni Eropa, Tiongkok dan Rusia,^[7]^[8] sementara 27 negara lainnya, seperti Jepang, Amerika Serikat, Korea Selatan dan Selandia Baru menganggap daging dari ternak yang dipakankan dengan raktopamin aman untuk konsumsi manusia.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Referensi

^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama TAAR1
^ Colbert, WE; Williams, PD; Williams, GD (December 1991). "Beta-adrenoceptor Profile of Ractopamine HCl in Isolated Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Tissues of Rat and Guinea-pig". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 43 (12): 844–7. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb03192.x. PMID 1687583.
^ Aroeira, C. N.; Feddern, V.; Gressler, V.; Molognoni, L.; Daguer, H.; Dalla Costa, O. A.; de Lima GJMM; Contreras-Castillo, C. J. (2019). "Determination of ractopamine residue in tissues and urine from pig fed meat and bone meal". Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment. 36 (3): 424–433. doi:10.1080/19440049.2019.1567942. PMID 30785370.
^ Co, Elanco Animal Health. "Topmax - Elanco Animal Health Co: Veterinary Package Insert". VetLabel.com. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
^ LE BIZEC, Bruno (October 2017). "A GENERAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF WADA PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY" (PDF). WADA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-08-21. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-21.
^ Pacelle, Wayne (July 2014). "Banned in 160 Nations, Why is Ractopamine in U.S. Pork? (Op-Ed)". Live Science. Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.
^ Bottemiller, Helena (January 25, 2012). "Dispute over drug in feed limiting US meat exports". Bottom Line. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 26, 2012.
^ Garina, Anastasia (11 December 2012). "Russia throws poisonous meat back to US". Pravda.ru. Diakses tanggal 14 December 2012.
^ "The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine". American Institute in Taiwan. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 May 2012. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2012.
^ AIT- American Institute in Taiwan: 'The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine' (archived) Accessed January 21, 2018
^ Environmental Risk Management Authority (22 August 2006). "Environmental Risk Management Authority Decision - Application HSR05114 "PAYLEAN: to import and release this granular premix for use as a feed additive for pigs "". Diakses tanggal 15 January 2020.

Pranala luar

[TAAR1-1] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama TAAR1

[Adrenoceptor-2] Colbert, WE; Williams, PD; Williams, GD (December 1991). "Beta-adrenoceptor Profile of Ractopamine HCl in Isolated Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Tissues of Rat and Guinea-pig". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 43 (12): 844–7. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb03192.x. PMID 1687583.

[3] Aroeira, C. N.; Feddern, V.; Gressler, V.; Molognoni, L.; Daguer, H.; Dalla Costa, O. A.; de Lima GJMM; Contreras-Castillo, C. J. (2019). "Determination of ractopamine residue in tissues and urine from pig fed meat and bone meal". Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment. 36 (3): 424–433. doi:10.1080/19440049.2019.1567942. PMID 30785370.

[4] Co, Elanco Animal Health. "Topmax - Elanco Animal Health Co: Veterinary Package Insert". VetLabel.com. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[blb-5] LE BIZEC, Bruno (October 2017). "A GENERAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF WADA PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY" (PDF). WADA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-08-21. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-21.

[lswp-6] Pacelle, Wayne (July 2014). "Banned in 160 Nations, Why is Ractopamine in U.S. Pork? (Op-Ed)". Live Science. Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.

[msnbc20120125-7] Bottemiller, Helena (January 25, 2012). "Dispute over drug in feed limiting US meat exports". Bottom Line. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 26, 2012.

[Garina-8] Garina, Anastasia (11 December 2012). "Russia throws poisonous meat back to US". Pravda.ru. Diakses tanggal 14 December 2012.

[American_Institute_in_Taiwan-9] "The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine". American Institute in Taiwan. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 May 2012. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2012.

[10] AIT- American Institute in Taiwan: 'The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine' (archived) Accessed January 21, 2018

[11] Environmental Risk Management Authority (22 August 2006). "Environmental Risk Management Authority Decision - Application HSR05114 "PAYLEAN: to import and release this granular premix for use as a feed additive for pigs "". Diakses tanggal 15 January 2020.

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Raktopamin

Referensi

Pranala luar

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