Malassezia furfur

Malassezia furfur
Gambar Malassezia furfur, diambil menggunakan mikroskop pemindai elektron
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:
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Genus:
Spesies:
Malassezia furfur

Malassezia furfur adalah spesies jamur lipofilik, dimorfik, dan menyerupai khamir, yang terdapat pada kulit manusia sebagai patogen oportunistik, menyebabkan penyakit seperti ketombe, panau (pityriasis versicolar), dermatitis seboroik.[1] Malassezia furfur sebelumnya dikenal dengan nama Pityrosporum orbiculare, Pityrosporum ovale, dan Pityrosporum furfur.[2]

Taksonomi

Identifikasi pertama khamir Malassezia berasal dari tahun 1846, ketika Karl Ferdinand Eichstedt memperhatikan sel-sel khamir dan hifa pada pasien panau (pityriasis versicolor).[3][4] Baru pada tahun 1853, Charles Robin memberi nama fungi yang ditemukan Eichstedt itu sebagai Microsporon furfur, menyakininya sebagai sejenis dermatofit, dan menyebut penyakit kulit terkait dengan istilah tinea versicolor.[5]

Pada tahun 1874, Louis-Charles Malassez mengemukakan bahwa Microsporon furfur menyebabkan ketombe dan dengan benar membedakan khamir tersebut menjadi genus fungi sel tunggal (Saccharomyces) daripada dermatofit kompleks. Untuk perbaikan ini, nama dia akhirnya melekat pada nama genus tersebut.[5]

Pada tahun 1889, Henri Baillon menciptakan genus baru Malassezia untuk mengakomodasi Malassezia furfur, sebagai penghormatan kepada Malassez, yang sudah diakui telah mendeskripsikan spesies baru, setidaknya dalam komunitas ilmiah berbahasa Prancis. Dengan demikian nama binomial Malassezia furfur ditetapkan dan menggantikan nama Microsporon furfur.[3][5][6]

Deskripsi umum

Malassezia furfur dalam pengelupasan kulit dari pasien panau

Karakteristik mikroskopik

Dimensi Malassezia furfur berkisar dari 1,5-5,0 x 2,5-8,0 μm.[7] Ukuran sel reproduksinya adalah sekitar 5 μm, dengan sel-sel yang berbentuk seperti kapsul obat atau kadang-kadang mirip pin boling. Masing-masing menghasilkan satu fialokonidia tunggal diikuti oleh tunas berturut-turut di satu lokasi. Hifa, sangat jarang diproduksi dalam biakan, lebarnya sekitar 2-3 μm.[8]

Karakteristik makroskopik

Koloni Malassezia furfur tumbuh lambat, muncul pada suhu 35-37 °C. Koloni mulai berkilau dan berwarna putih hingga putih kekuningan kemudian menjadi kusam dan berwarna krem, menyerupai koloni mirip bakteri.[8] Koloni pada agar dekstrosa Sabouraud dilapis dengan minyak zaitun dan diinkubasi pada suhu 30 °C berwarna krem hingga kekuning-kuningan, dan biasanya halus hingga agak berkerut.[7]

Referensi

  1. ^ R Vijayakumar, C Muthukumar, T Kumar, R Saravanamuthu (2006). "Characterization of Malassezia Furfur and its control by using plant extracts". Indian Journal of Dermatology. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 51: 145-148. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.26942. Diakses tanggal 14 Juni 2020. 
  2. ^ Gerard R. Barber, RPh, MPH, Kent Sepkowitz, M.D. "Malassezia furfur". Infectious Disease & Antimicrobial Agents. Diakses tanggal 14 Juni 2020. 
  3. ^ a b M. Dolenc-Voljč (2017). "Diseases Caused by Malassezia Species in Human Beings". Dalam Kateryna Kon, Mahendra Rai. The Microbiology of Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone and Joint Infections. Academic Press. hlm. 77. ISBN 978-0-12-811079-9. Diakses tanggal 14 Juni 2020. 
  4. ^ M. Dolenc-Voljč (2017). "Diseases Caused by Malassezia Species in Human Beings". ScienceDirect. Diakses tanggal 14 Juni 2020. 
  5. ^ a b c Ross Bond , Daniel O. Morris, Jacques Guillot, Emmanuel J. Bensignor, David Robson, Kenneth V. Mason, Rui Kano, dan Peter B. Hill (2020). "Biology, diagnosis and treatment of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats". Veterinary Dermatology. ResearchGate GmbH. doi:10.1111/vde.12809. Diakses tanggal 14 Juni 2020. 
  6. ^ Teun Boekhout, Eveline Guého-Kellermann, Peter Mayser, Aristea Velegraki, ed. (2010). Malassezia and the Skin: Science and Clinical Practice. Springer. hlm. 2. ISBN 978-3-642-03615-6. Diakses tanggal 14 Juni 2020. 
  7. ^ a b (Robin) Baillon (1889) (1889). "Malassezia furfur". Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Diakses tanggal 14 Juni 2020. 
  8. ^ a b (C.P. Robin) Baill. (11 April 2010). "Public Description of Malassezia furfur (C.P. Robin) Baill." Mushroom Observer. Diakses tanggal 14 Juni 2020. 

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