Joan Crawford

Joan Crawford
Joan Crawford
	Crawford in 1936
Lahir	Lucille Fay LeSueur; 23 Maret 190?; San Antonio, Texas, AS
Meninggal	Mei 10, 1977 (umur 69–73); New York City, AS
Makam	Ferncliff Cemetery
Pekerjaan	Aktris
Tahun aktif	1924–1972
Suami/istri	; Douglas Fairbanks Jr. (m. 1929; c. 1933) ; Franchot Tone (m. 1935; c. 1939) ; Phillip Terry (m. 1942; c. 1946) ; Alfred Steele (m. 1955; meninggal 1959)
Anak	4, termasuk Christina
Kerabat	Hal LeSueur (adik)
	Penghargaan (1970) Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award; (1945) Aktris Terbaik Academy Award; star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (en) ;

Joan Crawford (lahir Lucille Fay LeSueur; 23 Maret 190?^[a] – 10 Mei 1977) adalah seorang aktris Amerika. Ia memulai kariernya sebagai penari di perusahaan teater keliling sebelum memulai debutnya di Broadway. Crawford menandatangani kontrak film oleh Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer pada tahun 1925. Awalnya frustrasi dengan ukuran dan kualitas bagian-bagiannya, Crawford meluncurkan kampanye publisitas dan membangun citra sebagai flapper yang dikenal secara nasional pada akhir tahun 1920-an. Pada tahun 1930-an, Ketenaran Crawford menyaingi rekan-rekannya di MGM Norma Shearer dan Greta Garbo. Crawford sering memerankan wanita muda pekerja keras yang menemukan romansa dan kesuksesan finansial. Kisah-kisah tentang "orang miskin yang menjadi kaya" ini diterima dengan baik oleh para pembaca pada masa Depresi dan populer di kalangan wanita. Crawford menjadi salah satu bintang film Hollywood yang paling terkemuka dan salah satu wanita dengan bayaran tertinggi di Amerika Serikat, namun film-filmnya mulai merugi. Pada akhir tahun 1930-an, ia dicap sebagai "racun box office".

Setelah absen hampir dua tahun dari layar, Crawford kembali tampil dengan membintangi Mildred Pierce (1945), yang membuatnya memenangkan Academy Award untuk Aktris Terbaik. Pada tahun 1955, ia terlibat dengan Perusahaan Pepsi-Cola, melalui pernikahannya dengan presiden perusahaan Alfred Steele. Setelah kematiannya pada tahun 1959, Crawford terpilih untuk mengisi kekosongan jabatannya di dewan direksi tetapi dipaksa pensiun pada tahun 1973. Dia terus berakting di film dan televisi secara teratur hingga tahun 1960-an, ketika penampilannya menjadi lebih sedikit; setelah rilis film horor Trog Pada tahun 1970, Crawford pensiun dari layar kaca. Ia menarik diri dari kehidupan publik dan menjadi semakin penyendiri hingga kematiannya pada tahun 1977.

Crawford menikah empat kali. Tiga pernikahan pertamanya berakhir dengan perceraian; pernikahan terakhirnya berakhir dengan kematian suaminya, Al Steele. Dia mengadopsi lima anak, salah satunya diambil kembali oleh ibu kandungnya. Hubungan Crawford dengan kedua anak tertuanya, Christina dan Christopher, saling bermusuhan. Crawford mencabut hak waris mereka berdua dan, setelah kematian Crawford, Christina menerbitkan memoar yang mengungkap semuanya Mommie Dearest.^[7]

Filmografi

Film Diam

Tahun	#	Judul	Sebagai	Produksi
1925	1	Lady of the Night	double for Norma Shearer^[8]	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
	2	Proud Flesh	bit part^[8]
	3	A Slave of Fashion	mannequin^[8]
	4	The Merry Widow	extra^[8]
	5	Pretty Ladies	Bobby, a showgirl^[9]
	6	The Circle	Young Lady Catherine^[8]
	7	The Midshipman	extra^[8]
	8	Old Clothes	Mary Riley^[9]
	9	The Only Thing	party guest^[8]
	10	Sally, Irene and Mary	Irene
1926	11	Tramp, Tramp, Tramp	Betty Burton	First National
	12	The Boob	Jane rowspan
	13	Paris	The Girl
1927	14	Winners of the Wilderness	René Contrecoeur
	15	The Taxi Dancer	Joslyn Poe
	16	The Understanding Heart	Monica Dale
	17	The Unknown	Estellita or Nanon, Zanzi's Daughter
	18	Twelve Miles Out	Jane
	19	Spring Fever	Allie Monte
1928	20	West Point	Betty Channing
	21	The Law of the Range	Betty Dallas
	22	Rose Marie	Rose Marie
	23	Across to Singapore	Priscilla Crowninshield
	24	Four Walls	Frieda
	25	Our Dancing Daughters	Diana Medford	Cosmopolitan Production
	26	Dream of Love	Adrienne Lecouvreur
1929	27	The Duke Steps Out	Susie
	28	Tide of Empire	Josephita Guerrero
	29	Our Modern Maidens	Billie Brown

Film Suara

Tahun	#	Judul	Sebagai	Produksi
1929	28	The Hollywood Revue of 1929^[10]	Specialty	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
1929	29	Untamed	Alice "Bingo" Dowling
1930	30	Montana Moon	Joan Prescott
	31	Our Blushing Brides	Gerry Marsh
	32	Paid	Mary Turner
1931	33	Dance, Fools, Dance	Bonnie Jordan
	34	Laughing Sinners	Ivy Stevens
	35	This Modern Age	Val Winters
	36	Possessed	Marian Martin
1932	37	Grand Hotel	Flaemmchen
	38	Letty Lynton	Letty Lynton
	39	Rain	Sadie Thompson	United Artists
1933	40	Today We Live	Diana "Ann" Boyce-Smith	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
1933	41	Dancing Lady	Janie "Duchess" Barlow
1934	42	Sadie McKee	Sadie McKee Brennan
	43	Chained''	Diane Lovering, also called "Dinah"
	44	Forsaking All Others	Mary Clay
1935	45	No More Ladies	Marcia Townsend
1935	46	I Live My Life	Kay Bentley
1936	47	The Gorgeous Hussy	Margaret O'Neal "Peggy" Eaton
1936	48	Love on the Run	Sally Parker
1937	49	The Last of Mrs. Cheyney	Fay Cheyney
	50	The Bride Wore Red	Anni Pavlovitch
	51	Mannequin	Jessica Cassidy
1938	52	The Shining Hour	Olivia Riley
1939	53	Ice Follies of 1939	Mary McKay
1939	54	The Women	Crystal Allen
1940	55	Strange Cargo	Julie
1940	56	Susan and God	Susan Trexel
1941	57	A Woman's Face	Anna Holm
1941	58	When Ladies Meet	Mary Howard
1942	59	They All Kissed the Bride	Margaret Drew	Columbia
1942	60	Reunion in France	Michelle de la Becque	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
1943	61	Above Suspicion	Frances Myles	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
1944	62	Hollywood Canteen	Herself	Warner Bros.
1945	63	Mildred Pierce	Mildred Pierce
1946	64	Humoresque	Helen Wright
1947	65	Possessed	Louise Howell Graham
1947	66	Daisy Kenyon	Daisy Kenyon	20th Century Fox
1949	67	Flamingo Road	Lane Bellamy	Warner Bros.
1949	68	It's a Great Feeling	Herself
1950	69	The Damned Don't Cry!	Ethel Whitehead
1950	70	Harriet Craig	Harriet Craig	Columbia
1951	71	Goodbye, My Fancy	Agatha Reed	Warner Bros.
1952	72	This Woman is Dangerous	Beth Austin	Warner Bros.
1952	73	Sudden Fear	Myra Hudson	RKO
1953	74	Torch Song	Jenny Stewart	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
1954	75	Johnny Guitar	Vienna	Republic
1955	76	Female on the Beach	Lynn Markham	Universal
1955	77	Queen Bee	Eva Phillips	Columbia
1956	78	Autumn Leaves	Millicent Wetherby
1957	79	The Story of Esther Costello	Margaret Landi
1959	80	The Best of Everything	Amanda Farrow	20th Century Fox
1962	81	What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?	Blanche Hudson	Warner Bros.
1963	82	The Caretakers	Lucretia Terry	United Artists
1964	83	Strait-Jacket	Lucy Harbin	Columbia
1965	84	I Saw What You Did	Amy Nelson	Universal
1967	85	Berserk!	Monica Rivers	Columbia
1970	86	Trog	Dr. Brockton	Warner Bros.

Film Kecil

Tahun	#	Judul	Sebagai	Produksi
1925	1	MGM Studio Tour	Herself^[9]	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
1929	2	Hollywood Snapshots #11	Herself	Columbia
1931	3	The Slippery Pearls	Herself	Masquers Club of Hollywood
1932	4	Screen Snapshots	Herself	Columbia

Lawan Utama

Tahun	#	Judul	Sebagai	Produksi
1964	1	Four Days in November	Herself	David L. Wolper
1964	1	Four Days in November	Herself	United Artists
1964	2	MGM's Big Parade of Comedy^[11]	Herself^[12]	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
1974	3	That's Entertainment!	Herself^[12]
1985	4	That's Dancing!	Herself^[12]

Film tidak selesai

Tahun	#	Judul	Sebagai	Produksi
1930	1	Great Day	?	MGM

Karya televisi

Tahun	#	Judul Seri	Judul Episode	Sebagai	Network
1953	1	Revlon's Mirror Theater	"Because I Love Him"	Margaret Hughes	CBS
1954	2	General Electric Theater	"The Road to Edinburgh"	Mary Andrews
1958	3	General Electric Theater	"Strange Witness"	Ruth
1959	4	General Electric Theater	"And One Was Loyal"	Ann Howard
1959	5	The Joan Crawford Show	"Woman On The Run"^[13]	Susan Conrad	Unaired
1959	6	Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater	"Rebel Range"	Stella Faring	CBS
1961	7	Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater	"One Must Die"	Sarah Davidson
	7	Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater	"One Must Die"	Melanie Davidson
	8	The Foxes	[made-for-TV Movie]	Millicent Fox	NBC
1963	9	Route 66	"Same Picture, Different Frame"	Morgan Harper	CBS
1966	10	Della^[14]	[made-for-TV movie]	Della Chappell
1967	11	The Man from U.N.C.L.E.	"The Five Daughters Affair", Part 1^[15]	Amanda True	NBC
1968	12	The Lucy Show	"Lucy and Joan Crawford or The Lost Star"	Herself	CBS
1968	13	The Secret Storm	[daytime soap opera]	Joan Boreman Kane #2^[16]	CBS
1969	14	Night Gallery	"Eyes"	Claudia Menlo	NBC
1970	15	The Virginian	"The Nightmare"	Stephanie White
1971	16	The Name of the Game	"Los Angeles"	Board Member
1972	17	Beyond the Water's Edge	[made-for-TV movie]	Allison Hayes
1972	18	The Sixth Sense	"Dear Joan: We're Going To Scare You To Death!"	Joan Fairchild"	ABC

Autobiografi

— (1962). A Portrait of Joan: The Autobiography of Joan Crawford. Doubleday. ISBN 978-1-258-17238-1.
— (1972). My Way of Life. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-78568-0.

Referensi

^
- Hischak, Thomas S. (2008). The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: Theatre, Film, and Television: Theatre, Film, and Television: Theatre, Film, and Television. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 174. ISBN 978-0-19-533533-0. Crawford, Joan [born Lucille Fay LeSueur] (1904-1977)
- Bret, David (2009). Joan Crawford: Hollywood Martyr. New York City: Da Capo Press. hlm. 8. ISBN 978-0-7867-3236-4. She was born Lucille Fay LeSueur, most likely on 23 March 1904 (though she always maintained it was 1908, when birth certificates became state mandatory...)
- Knowles, Mark (2009). The Wicked Waltz and Other Scandalous Dances: Outrage at Couple Dancing in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. hlm. 233. ISBN 978-0-7864-3708-5. Joan Crawford lahir dengan nama Lucille Fay LeSueur di San Antonio, Texas pada tanggal 23 Maret 1904. (Setelah dia terkenal, tanggal lahirnya secara misterius berubah menjadi 1906 atau 1908)
^
- Ware, Susan (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. hlm. 143. ISBN 978-0-674-01488-6. offers the birth date of March 23, 1905
- Cowie, Peter (2009). Joan Crawford: The Enduring Star. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-8478-3066-4. On March 23, 1908, by her own reckoning (although the real date may have been 1905, or even 1904), Lucille Fay LeSueur was born ...
^
- Spoto, Donald (2010). Possessed: The Life of Joan Crawford. New York City: HarperCollins. hlm. 6. ISBN 978-0-06-202020-8.
- Nowak, Donna Marie (2010). Just Joan: A Joan Crawford Appreciation. Albany, GA: BearManor Media. hlm. 583–. GGKEY:5Y2F5EPURAR.
^
- Quirk, Lawrence J.; Schoell, William (2002). Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-0-8131-2254-0. On March 23, 1904, in San Antonio, Texas, Anna Bell Johnson LeSueur gave birth to a little girl, whom she and her husband, Thomas, named Lucille Fay. Lucille was the couple's third child; another daughter, Daisy, had died in infancy, and Lucille's brother, Hal, had been born the previous year. (Many years later, when little Lucille was the famous woman known to the world as Joan Crawford, the year of her birth mysteriously changed to 1906 or 1908.)
- "The Second Rise of Joan Crawford". Life. June 23, 1947. hlm. 45. ISSN 0024-3019. Diakses tanggal March 23, 2020. Tahun kelahiran Nona Crawford telah diidentifikasi secara beragam sebagai tahun 1904, 1906, 1908, dan 1909, yang terakhir menjadi tahun favoritnya sendiri..
^ Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. hlm. 165. ISBN 978-1-4766-2599-7. Crawford, Joan (Lucille LeSueur, March 23, 1904 – May 10, 1977) San Antonio born film star.... Her ashes were placed in the vault beside the coffin of her husband, with the crypt listing her birth year as 1908.
^ Crawford, Christina (2017). Mommie Dearest. New York City: William Morrow & Company. ISBN 978-1-5040-4908-5. My mother was born Lucille LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, in 1904, although when she came to Hollywood, she lied about her age and changed the year to 1908.^:20 Publicly, her birth date was always reported as March 23, 1908, but Grandmother told me that she was actually born in 1904."^:66
^ Day, Elizabeth (May 24, 2008). "I'll never forgive Mommie: Joan Crawford's daughter gives first interview in 10 years". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal January 29, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g uncredited
^ ^a ^b ^c credited as Lucille LeSueur
^ With sound. In color. Singing, dancing, and part of an all-star cast performing the song "Singin' in the Rain".
^ a.k.a. The Big Parade of Comedy
^ ^a ^b ^c archival footage
^ Pilot Episode
^ a.k.a. Fatal Confinement
^ Later re-edited into the theatrically released feature film The Karate Killers.
^ temporary replacement for Christina Crawford

sumber

Considine, Shaun (1989). Bette and Joan: The Divine Feud. New York, E. P. Dutton, a division of Penguin Books. ISBN 0-525-24770-X.
Bret, David (2006). Joan Crawford: Hollywood Martyr. Robson. ISBN 1-86105-931-0.
Granlund, Nils T. (1957). Blondes, Brunettes, and Bullets. New York, David McKay Company.
Hoefling, Larry J. (2008). Nils Thor Granlund: The Swedish Showman Who Invented American Entertainment. Inlandia Press. ISBN 0-9822313-0-X.
LaSalle, Mick (2000). Complicated Women: Sex and Power in Pre-Code Hollywood. New York, Thomas Dunne Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-25207-2.
Dunaway, Faye (1998). Looking For Gatsby. Pocket. ISBN 0-671-67526-5.
Leese, Elizabeth (1991). Costume Design in the Movies. Dover Books. ISBN 0-486-26548-X.
Newquist, Roy, with introduction by John Springer (1980). Conversations with Joan Crawford. New Jersey, Citadel Press, a division of Lyle Stuart, Inc. ISBN 0-8065-0720-9.
Skal, David J. (1993). The Monster Show: A Cultural History of Horror. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-024002-0.
Thomas, Bob (1978). Joan Crawford: A Biography. New York, Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-12942-2.

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Carr, Larry (1970). Four Fabulous Faces:The Evolution and Metamorphosis of Swanson, Garbo, Crawford and Dietrich. Doubleday and Company. ISBN 0-87000-108-6.
Just Joan: A Joan Crawford Appreciation by Donna Marie Nowak. Albany, BearManor Media 2010. ISBN 978-1-59393-542-9.

Pranala luar

Joan Crawford di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
Joan Crawford at Turner Classic Movies Diarsipkan 2007-10-13 di Wayback Machine.
The Best of Everything
The Films of Joan Crawford
Legendary Joan Crawford
Photographs of Joan Crawford

Artikel bertopik biografi Amerika Serikat ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <ref> untuk kelompok bernama "lower-alpha", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <references group="lower-alpha"/> yang berkaitan

[2] 
Hischak, Thomas S. (2008). The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: Theatre, Film, and Television: Theatre, Film, and Television: Theatre, Film, and Television. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 174. ISBN 978-0-19-533533-0. Crawford, Joan [born Lucille Fay LeSueur] (1904-1977)
Bret, David (2009). Joan Crawford: Hollywood Martyr. New York City: Da Capo Press. hlm. 8. ISBN 978-0-7867-3236-4. She was born Lucille Fay LeSueur, most likely on 23 March 1904 (though she always maintained it was 1908, when birth certificates became state mandatory...)
Knowles, Mark (2009). The Wicked Waltz and Other Scandalous Dances: Outrage at Couple Dancing in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. hlm. 233. ISBN 978-0-7864-3708-5. Joan Crawford lahir dengan nama Lucille Fay LeSueur di San Antonio, Texas pada tanggal 23 Maret 1904. (Setelah dia terkenal, tanggal lahirnya secara misterius berubah menjadi 1906 atau 1908)

[2] Hischak, Thomas S. (2008). The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: Theatre, Film, and Television: Theatre, Film, and Television: Theatre, Film, and Television. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 174. ISBN 978-0-19-533533-0. Crawford, Joan [born Lucille Fay LeSueur] (1904-1977)

[3] Bret, David (2009). Joan Crawford: Hollywood Martyr. New York City: Da Capo Press. hlm. 8. ISBN 978-0-7867-3236-4. She was born Lucille Fay LeSueur, most likely on 23 March 1904 (though she always maintained it was 1908, when birth certificates became state mandatory...)

[4] Knowles, Mark (2009). The Wicked Waltz and Other Scandalous Dances: Outrage at Couple Dancing in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. hlm. 233. ISBN 978-0-7864-3708-5. Joan Crawford lahir dengan nama Lucille Fay LeSueur di San Antonio, Texas pada tanggal 23 Maret 1904. (Setelah dia terkenal, tanggal lahirnya secara misterius berubah menjadi 1906 atau 1908)

[3] 
Ware, Susan (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. hlm. 143. ISBN 978-0-674-01488-6. offers the birth date of March 23, 1905
Cowie, Peter (2009). Joan Crawford: The Enduring Star. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-8478-3066-4. On March 23, 1908, by her own reckoning (although the real date may have been 1905, or even 1904), Lucille Fay LeSueur was born ...

[6] Ware, Susan (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. hlm. 143. ISBN 978-0-674-01488-6. offers the birth date of March 23, 1905

[7] Cowie, Peter (2009). Joan Crawford: The Enduring Star. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-8478-3066-4. On March 23, 1908, by her own reckoning (although the real date may have been 1905, or even 1904), Lucille Fay LeSueur was born ...

[4] 
Spoto, Donald (2010). Possessed: The Life of Joan Crawford. New York City: HarperCollins. hlm. 6. ISBN 978-0-06-202020-8.
Nowak, Donna Marie (2010). Just Joan: A Joan Crawford Appreciation. Albany, GA: BearManor Media. hlm. 583–. GGKEY:5Y2F5EPURAR.

[9] Spoto, Donald (2010). Possessed: The Life of Joan Crawford. New York City: HarperCollins. hlm. 6. ISBN 978-0-06-202020-8.

[10] Nowak, Donna Marie (2010). Just Joan: A Joan Crawford Appreciation. Albany, GA: BearManor Media. hlm. 583–. GGKEY:5Y2F5EPURAR.

[5] 
Quirk, Lawrence J.; Schoell, William (2002). Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-0-8131-2254-0. On March 23, 1904, in San Antonio, Texas, Anna Bell Johnson LeSueur gave birth to a little girl, whom she and her husband, Thomas, named Lucille Fay. Lucille was the couple's third child; another daughter, Daisy, had died in infancy, and Lucille's brother, Hal, had been born the previous year. (Many years later, when little Lucille was the famous woman known to the world as Joan Crawford, the year of her birth mysteriously changed to 1906 or 1908.)
"The Second Rise of Joan Crawford". Life. June 23, 1947. hlm. 45. ISSN 0024-3019. Diakses tanggal March 23, 2020. Tahun kelahiran Nona Crawford telah diidentifikasi secara beragam sebagai tahun 1904, 1906, 1908, dan 1909, yang terakhir menjadi tahun favoritnya sendiri..

[12] Quirk, Lawrence J.; Schoell, William (2002). Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-0-8131-2254-0. On March 23, 1904, in San Antonio, Texas, Anna Bell Johnson LeSueur gave birth to a little girl, whom she and her husband, Thomas, named Lucille Fay. Lucille was the couple's third child; another daughter, Daisy, had died in infancy, and Lucille's brother, Hal, had been born the previous year. (Many years later, when little Lucille was the famous woman known to the world as Joan Crawford, the year of her birth mysteriously changed to 1906 or 1908.)

[13] "The Second Rise of Joan Crawford". Life. June 23, 1947. hlm. 45. ISSN 0024-3019. Diakses tanggal March 23, 2020. Tahun kelahiran Nona Crawford telah diidentifikasi secara beragam sebagai tahun 1904, 1906, 1908, dan 1909, yang terakhir menjadi tahun favoritnya sendiri..

[Wilson2016-6] Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. hlm. 165. ISBN 978-1-4766-2599-7. Crawford, Joan (Lucille LeSueur, March 23, 1904 – May 10, 1977) San Antonio born film star.... Her ashes were placed in the vault beside the coffin of her husband, with the crypt listing her birth year as 1908.

[Dearest-7] Crawford, Christina (2017). Mommie Dearest. New York City: William Morrow & Company. ISBN 978-1-5040-4908-5. My mother was born Lucille LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, in 1904, although when she came to Hollywood, she lied about her age and changed the year to 1908.^:20 Publicly, her birth date was always reported as March 23, 1908, but Grandmother told me that she was actually born in 1904."^:66

[8] Day, Elizabeth (May 24, 2008). "I'll never forgive Mommie: Joan Crawford's daughter gives first interview in 10 years". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal January 29, 2017.

[uncredited-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g uncredited

[credited_as_Lucille_LeSueur-10] redited as Lucille LeSueur

[11] With sound. In color. Singing, dancing, and part of an all-star cast performing the song "Singin' in the Rain".

[12] .k.a. The Big Parade of Comedy

[archival_footage-13] rchival footage

[14] Pilot Episode

[15] .k.a. Fatal Confinement

[16] Later re-edited into the theatrically released feature film The Karate Killers.

[17] temporary replacement for Christina Crawford

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