Hiperinflasi Tiongkok 1947-1949

Hiperinflasi Tiongkok 1947-1949 merupakan hiperinflasi yang terjadi di Tiongkok pada Oktober 1947 hingga Mei 1949 dengan tingkat inflasi 14%. Kondisi ini membuat harga meningkat dua kali lipat setiap lima hari, 8 jam. Hiperinflasi Tiongkok terjadi setelah Perang Dunia II. Kala itu, Tiongkok terpecah oleh Perang Saudara Tiongkok. Nasionalis dan Komunis berjuang untuk mengontrol negara dan bersaing dalam proses memperkenalkan mata uang, meninggalkan sistem moneter China terfragmentasi di 1948.[1]

Sejarah

Dari tahun 1947 hingga 1949, Tiongkok mengalami hiperinflasi setelah kubu Nasionalis dan Komunis bertempur dalam perang saudara untuk merebut kuasa atas Tiongkok setelah berakhirnya Perang Dunia Kedua. Kedua kubu mengeluarkan mata uang masing-masing yang menyebabkan terpecahnya sistem moneter Tiongkok. Mereka berusaha saling melemahkan mata uang lawannya.

Kubu Nasionalis mulai memiliki hutang dalam jumlah besar, dan terpaksa mencetak uang berlebih untuk membayar hutangnya. Akibatnya, harga barang naik dua kali lipat setiap minggu akibat inflasi yang tak terkendali lagi. Hal tersebut membuat bank sentral dari sebuah wilayah regionalnya yaitu provinsi Xinjiang mengeluarkan mata uang dengan nominal 6.000.000.000 Yuan pada tahun 1949.[2]

Referensi

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