Astyanax (ikan)

Astyanax
	Astyanax mexicanus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Actinopterygii
Ordo:	Characiformes
Famili:	Characidae
Genus:	Astyanax; S. F. Baird & Girard, 1854
Spesies tipe
	Astyanax argentatus; Baird & Girard, 1854
Sinonim
	Anoptichthys Hubbs & Innes, 1936; Bertoniolus Fowler, 1918; Bramocharax Gill, 1877; Evenichthys Whitley, 1935; Poecilurichthys Gill, 1858; Psalidodon Eigenmann, 1911; Zygogaster Eigenmann, 1913

Astyanax adalah sebuah genus ikan air tawar dalam famili Characidae dalam ordo Characiformes. Beberapa dari anggota genus ini, seperti banyak kerabatnya, sering dijadikan ikan akuarium dan dikenal secara kolektif sebagai tetra. Dengan sekitar 150 spesies yang telah dideskripsikan dan tambahan spesies-spesies baru yang dideskripsikan setiap tahun,^[2] genus ini menjadi salah satu yang terbesar di antara ordonya; Hyphessobrycon juga lebih dari 145 spesies dan kelompok aman yang lebih besar pada suatu waktu tergantung jumlah spesies baru yang dideskripsikan di antara keduanya. Tetra gua yang buta, berwarna pucat dari Meksiko adalah anggota terkenal dalam genus ini, namun posisi taksonomisnya diperdebatkan: Beberapa menganggapnya sebagai sebuah bagian dari tetra meksiko (A. mexicanus) dan hal ini didukung oleh bukti filogenetik,^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] namun beberapa lainnya menganggap wujud guanya sebagai spesies yang terpisah, Astyanax jordani.^[2]

Species

Terdapat 132 spesies yang telah diakui didalam genus ini:

Astyanax abramis (L. Jenyns, 1842)^[8]
Astyanax acatlanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax aeneus (Günther, 1860) (Tetra loreng)
Astyanax altior C. L. Hubbs, 1936 (Tetra yucatan)
Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000
Astyanax anai Angulo, Santos, López, Langeani & McMahan, 2018
Astyanax angustifrons (Regan, 1908)
Astyanax apiaka Ferreira, F. C. T. Lima, Ribeiro, Junior, F. A. Machado & Mirande, 2023
Astyanax aramburui Protogino, Miquelarena & H. L. López, 2006
Astyanax argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854 (Tetra texas)
Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999
Astyanax asuncionensis Géry, 1972
Astyanax atratoensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1907
Astyanax aurocaudatus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax bacalarensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax bagual Bertaco & Vigo, 2015^[9]
Astyanax baileyi (D. E. Rosen, 1972)^[1]
Astyanax belizianus (Bocourt, 1868) (Tetra belize)
Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tetra dua-totol)
Astyanax biotae R. M. C. Castro & Vari, 2004
Astyanax boliviensis Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
Astyanax bourgeti C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2001
Astyanax bransfordii (T. N. Gill, 1877)^[1]
Astyanax brevimanus (Günther, 1864) (Tetra quiche)
Astyanax brevirhinus C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax caballeroi (Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Tiellery, 1985)^[1]
Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner, 1879)
Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943
Astyanax clavitaeniatus Garutti, 2003
Astyanax cocibolca W. A. Bussing, 2008
Astyanax cordovae (Günther, 1880)
Astyanax courensis Bertaco, F. R. de Carvalho & Jerep, 2010
Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2001
Astyanax cubilhuitz Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax depressirostris A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908
Astyanax dissimilis Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010^[10]
Astyanax dnophos F. C. T. Lima & Zuanon, 2004
Astyanax dorioni (D. E. Rosen, 1970)^[1]
Astyanax douradilho Bertaco, 2014^[11]
Astyanax elachylepis Bertaco & P. H. F. Lucinda, 2005
Astyanax embera Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
Astyanax epiagos Zanata & Camelier, 2008
Astyanax eremus Ingenito & Duboc, 2014^[12]
Astyanax fasslii (Steindachner, 1915)
Astyanax filiferus (C. H. Eigenmann, 1913)
Astyanax finitimus (Bocourt, 1868) (Tetra veracruz)
Astyanax gandhiae Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943
Astyanax goyacensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax goyanensis (P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944)
Astyanax gracilior C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax guaricana C. A. M. Oliveira, Abilhoa & Pavanelli, 2013^[13]
Astyanax henseli F. A. G. Melo & Buckup, 2006
Astyanax integer G. S. Myers, 1930
Astyanax jacobinae Zanata & Camelier, 2008 (Piaba)
Astyanax jacuhiensis (Cope, 1894)
Astyanax jenynsii (C. H. Eigenmann, 1877)
Astyanax joaovitori Oliveira, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2017
Astyanax jordanensis Vera Alcaraz, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2009
Astyanax jordani (C. L. Hubbs & Innes, 1936)
Astyanax kennedyi Géry, 1964
Astyanax keronolepis Silva, Malabarba & Malabarba, 2019
Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938
Astyanax kullanderi W. J. E. M. Costa, 1995
Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875)^[8]
Astyanax laticeps (Cope, 1894)
Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988
Astyanax lineatus (Perugia, 1891)
Astyanax longior (Cope, 1878)
Astyanax longirhinus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010^[10]
Astyanax macal Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti & Britski, 1997
Astyanax magdalenae C. H. Eigenmann & Henn, 1916
Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1876)
Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944
Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853) (Tetra meksiko)
Astyanax microlepis C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax microschemos Bertaco & C. A. S. Lucena, 2006
Astyanax minor Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010^[10]
Astyanax moorii (Boulenger, 1892)
Astyanax multidens C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax myersi (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907
Astyanax nicaraguensis C. H. Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907
Astyanax novae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911^[14]
Astyanax obscurus (R. F. Hensel, 1870)
Astyanax ocotal Valdez-Moreno, Rodiles-Hernández & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850)
Astyanax orstedii (Lütken, 1875)
Astyanax orthodus C. H. Eigenmann, 1907
Astyanax panamensis Günther, 1864^[1] (Tetra panama)
Astyanax paraguayensis (Fowler, 1918)
Astyanax paranahybae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
Astyanax pardensis Salgado, 2021
Astyanax pedri (Eigenmann, 1908)
Astyanax petenensis (Günther, 1864) (Tetra peten)
Astyanax pirabitira C. A. S. Lucena, Bertaco & Berbigier, 2013^[15]
Astyanax pirapuan Tagliacollo, Britzke, G. S. C. Silva & Benine, 2011^[16]
Astyanax poetzschkei C. G. E. Ahl, 1932
Astyanax procerus C. A. S. Lucena, J. B. Castro & Bertaco, 2013^[17]
Astyanax rioverde Lozano-Vilano & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912
Astyanax ruberrimus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914
Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960
Astyanax salvatoris Valdez-Moreno, Lozano-Vilano & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax scabripinnis (L. Jenyns, 1842)
Astyanax scintillans G. S. Myers, 1928
Astyanax serratus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010^[10]
Astyanax siapae Garutti, 2003
Astyanax stilbe (Cope, 1870)
Astyanax superbus G. S. Myers, 1942
Astyanax symmetricus C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax tamiahua Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax tehuacanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax totae Ferreira Haluch & Abilhoa, 2005
Astyanax trierythropterus Godoy (pt), 1970
Astyanax turmalinensis Triques, Vono & Caiafa, 2003
Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998
Astyanax utiariti Bertaco & Garutti, 2007
Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991
Astyanax varzeae Abilhoa & Duboc, 2007
Astyanax venezuelae L. P. Schultz, 1944
Astyanax vermilion Zanata & Camelier, 2009
Astyanax villwocki Zarske & Géry, 1999
Astyanax yariguies (Torres-Mejia, Hernández & Senechal, 2012)

Referensi

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Schmitter-Soto, Juan J. (2016). "A phylogeny of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America". Zootaxa. 4109 (2): 101–130. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.1. PMID 27394856.
^ ^a ^b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Astyanax di FishBase. Versi October 2016.
^ Jeffery W (2009). "Regressive evolution in Astyanax cavefish". Annu. Rev. Genet. 43: 25–47. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134216. PMC 3594788 . PMID 19640230.
^ Dowling TE, Martasian DP, Jeffery WR (2002). "Evidence for multiple genetic forms with similar eyeless phenotypes in the blind cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus". Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 (4): 446–455. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004100 . PMID 11919286.
^ Bradic, Martina; Beerli, Peter; García-de León, Francisco J; Esquivel-Bobadilla, Sarai; Borowsky, Richard L (2012). "Gene flow and population structure in the Mexican blind cavefish complex (Astyanax mexicanus)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-9 . PMC 3282648 . PMID 22269119.
^ Strecker U, Faúndez VH, Wilkens H (2004). "Phylogeography of surface and cave Astyanax (Teleostei) from Central and North America based on cytochrome b sequence data". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33 (2): 469–481. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.001. PMID 15336680.
^ Keene; Yoshizawa; McGaugh (2016). Biology and Evolution of the Mexican Cavefish. Elsevier Science. hlm. 77–87. ISBN 978-0-12-802148-4.
^ ^a ^b Lucena CA, Soares HG (2016). "Review of species of the Astyanax bimaculatus "caudal peduncle spot" subgroup sensu Garutti & Langeani (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio La Plata and rio São Francisco drainages and coastal systems of southern Brazil and Uruguay". Zootaxa. 4072 (1): 101–125. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4072.1.5. PMID 27395912.
^ Bertaco VA, Vigo AC (2015). "A new species of Astyanax Baird & Girard (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Taquari-Antas basin, southern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 13 (2): 265–272. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140145 .
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Garavello, J.C.; Sampaio, F.A.A. (2010). "Five new species of genus Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 from Rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Biology. 70 (3): 847–865. doi:10.1590/s1519-69842010000400016 . PMID 21085790.
^ Bertaco, V.A. (2014). "Astyanax douradilho, a new characid fish from the rio Tramandaí system, southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3794 (3): 492–500. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.10. PMID 24870337. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-10-05. Diakses tanggal 2016-07-25.
^ Ingenito, L.F.S.; Duboc, L.F. (2014). "A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 12 (2): 281–290. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20130117 .
^ Oliveira CA, Abilhoa V, Pavanelli CS (2013). "Astyanax guaricana (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a new species from the rio Cubatão drainage, Paraná State, Southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (2): 291–296. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000200007 .
^ Freitas MR, Lucinda PH, Lucena CA (2015). "Redescription of Astyanax novae Eigenmann, 1911 (Teleostei: Characidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 26 (2): 183–192.
^ Lucena CA, Bertaco VA, Berbigier G (2013). "A new species of Astyanax from headwater streams of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)". Zootaxa. 3700 (2): 226–236. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3700.2.2. PMID 26106724.
^ Tagliacollo VA, Britzke R, Silva GS, Benine RC (2011). "Astyanax pirapuan: a new characid species from the upper Rio Paraguay system, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil (Characiformes, Characidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2749: 40–46. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2749.1.3. hdl:11449/41580 .
^ Lucena CA, Castro JB, Bertaco VA (2013). "Three new species of Astyanax from drainages of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (3): 537–552. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000300007 .

[Schmitter2016-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Schmitter-Soto, Juan J. (2016). "A phylogeny of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America". Zootaxa. 4109 (2): 101–130. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.1. PMID 27394856.

[FB-2] Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Astyanax di FishBase. Versi October 2016.

[3] Jeffery W (2009). "Regressive evolution in Astyanax cavefish". Annu. Rev. Genet. 43: 25–47. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134216. PMC 3594788 . PMID 19640230.

[4] Dowling TE, Martasian DP, Jeffery WR (2002). "Evidence for multiple genetic forms with similar eyeless phenotypes in the blind cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus". Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 (4): 446–455. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004100 . PMID 11919286.

[5] Bradic, Martina; Beerli, Peter; García-de León, Francisco J; Esquivel-Bobadilla, Sarai; Borowsky, Richard L (2012). "Gene flow and population structure in the Mexican blind cavefish complex (Astyanax mexicanus)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-9 . PMC 3282648 . PMID 22269119.

[6] Strecker U, Faúndez VH, Wilkens H (2004). "Phylogeography of surface and cave Astyanax (Teleostei) from Central and North America based on cytochrome b sequence data". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33 (2): 469–481. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.001. PMID 15336680.

[Keene2016-7] Keene; Yoshizawa; McGaugh (2016). Biology and Evolution of the Mexican Cavefish. Elsevier Science. hlm. 77–87. ISBN 978-0-12-802148-4.

[Lucena2016-8] Lucena CA, Soares HG (2016). "Review of species of the Astyanax bimaculatus "caudal peduncle spot" subgroup sensu Garutti & Langeani (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio La Plata and rio São Francisco drainages and coastal systems of southern Brazil and Uruguay". Zootaxa. 4072 (1): 101–125. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4072.1.5. PMID 27395912.

[Bertaco2015-9] Bertaco VA, Vigo AC (2015). "A new species of Astyanax Baird & Girard (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Taquari-Antas basin, southern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 13 (2): 265–272. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140145 .

[Garavello2010-10] Garavello, J.C.; Sampaio, F.A.A. (2010). "Five new species of genus Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 from Rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Biology. 70 (3): 847–865. doi:10.1590/s1519-69842010000400016 . PMID 21085790.

[Bertaco2014-11] Bertaco, V.A. (2014). "Astyanax douradilho, a new characid fish from the rio Tramandaí system, southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3794 (3): 492–500. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.10. PMID 24870337. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-10-05. Diakses tanggal 2016-07-25.

[Ingenito2014-12] Ingenito, L.F.S.; Duboc, L.F. (2014). "A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 12 (2): 281–290. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20130117 .

[Oliveira2013-13] Oliveira CA, Abilhoa V, Pavanelli CS (2013). "Astyanax guaricana (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a new species from the rio Cubatão drainage, Paraná State, Southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (2): 291–296. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000200007 .

[Freitas2015-14] Freitas MR, Lucinda PH, Lucena CA (2015). "Redescription of Astyanax novae Eigenmann, 1911 (Teleostei: Characidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 26 (2): 183–192.

[Lucena2013-15] Lucena CA, Bertaco VA, Berbigier G (2013). "A new species of Astyanax from headwater streams of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)". Zootaxa. 3700 (2): 226–236. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3700.2.2. PMID 26106724.

[Tagliacollo2011-16] Tagliacollo VA, Britzke R, Silva GS, Benine RC (2011). "Astyanax pirapuan: a new characid species from the upper Rio Paraguay system, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil (Characiformes, Characidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2749: 40–46. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2749.1.3. hdl:11449/41580 .

[Lucena2013a-17] Lucena CA, Castro JB, Bertaco VA (2013). "Three new species of Astyanax from drainages of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (3): 537–552. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000300007 .

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Astyanax (ikan)

Species

Referensi

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