马兜铃属 （学名 ：Aristolochia ）是马兜铃科 下的一种草质 或木质 藤本 稀亚灌木 或小乔木 ，常具有块状根 ，[ 2] 花 左右对称，腋生、单生或成束或排成短的总状花序 ；花被 管状、弯曲，上部成一舌片或3浅裂；一般有6个雄蕊 环绕花柱 排列，且与花柱结合；子房 下位有6个室；果实 是蒴果 。[ 3] [ 4]
属名Aristolochia 源于希腊语anstos（最好的）和locheia（分娩）的合成词，表征此类群为药用植物。
主要分布于热带 和亚热带 地区，少数分布于温带 地区[ 5] 囊花马兜铃 等物种存在灭绝危险。马兜铃属植物 中含有因物种 、植物部位、植物生长的地理 位置而含量不同的马兜铃酸 、马兜铃内酰胺 （aristololactams）、马兜铃喹啉 （aristoquinolines）、马兜铃精 （aristogins）以及数量不等的倍半萜类 等化学物质 。[ 6]
对广义马兜铃属（Aristolochia sensu lato）的分类存在争议[ 4]
3亚属系统：
2亚族4属系统:
马兜铃亚族 (Aristolochiinae)
狭义马兜铃属(Aristolochia sensu stricto)
闭果兜铃属 (Pararistolochia )关木通亚族 (Isotrematinae)
此外，2019年又将对药马兜铃亚属从广义马兜铃属中恢复成关木通属(包括传统分类中的关木通属和蛇木通属)[ 7]
本属包括以下物种：[ 8]
Aristolochia acontophylla Pfeifer
Aristolochia acuminata Lam.
Aristolochia acuminata Sam.
Aristolochia acutifolia Duch.
Aristolochia adalica Tosunoglu & Malyer
Aristolochia adiastola G.A.Romero & Elad.Fernández[ 9] Aristolochia albertiana Ahumada
Aristolochia albida Duch.
Aristolochia albopilosa M.González, S.González & Barrie
Aristolochia alexandriana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia altanii Ilçim & Behçet
Aristolochia amara (Aubl.) Poncy
Aristolochia andina F.González & I.G.Vargas
棱茎马兜铃 Aristolochia anguicida Jacq.
Aristolochia angustifolia Bojer, 1837
Aristolochia angustifolia Cham.
Aristolochia apoloensis Rusby
拟囊花马兜铃 Aristolochia apseudoutriformis
Aristolochia arborescens L.
Aristolochia arcuata Mast.
Aristolochia arenicola Hance
Aristolochia argentina Griseb.
Aristolochia argyroneura Hoehne, 1942
Aristolochia argyroneura hort. ex Gentil
Aristolochia asperifolia Ule ex Pilg.
Aristolochia assamica D.Borah & T.V.Do
Aristolochia assisii J.Freitas, Lírio & F.González
Aristolochia atropurpurea Parish ex Hook.fil.
Aristolochia auricularia Boiss.
Aristolochia australopithecurus (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
华南马兜铃 Aristolochia austrochinensis C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma
Aristolochia baetica L.
Aristolochia bahiensis F.González
Aristolochia baracoensis R.Rankin
Aristolochia barbigera Jacq.
Aristolochia barbourii Barringer
Aristolochia baseri Malyer & S.Erken
Aristolochia batucensis Wiggins & Rollins
Aristolochia bhamoensis T.V.Do & Jian W.Li
Aristolochia biakensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia bianorii Sennen & Pau
Aristolochia bicolor Ule
Aristolochia bicolor Ule ex Pilg.
Aristolochia bilabiata L.
Aristolochia billardieri Jaub. & Sp.
Aristolochia bilobata L.[ 9] Aristolochia binhthuanensis T.V.Do
Aristolochia birostris Duch.
Aristolochia bodamae Dingler
Aristolochia boliviensis Kuntze
Aristolochia bonettiana Elad.Fernández & G.A.Romero[ 9] Aristolochia boosii Panter
Aristolochia bottae Jaub. & Sp.
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.
Aristolochia bracteosa Duch.
Aristolochia braniciana Andrz. ex Trautv.
Aristolochia brevifolia (Cham.) Hauman
Aristolochia brevilabris Bornm.
Aristolochia brevipes Benth.
Aristolochia bridgesii (Klotzsch) Duch.
Aristolochia brunneomaculata I.S.Abreu & Giul.
Aristolochia buchtienii O.Schmidt
Aristolochia bukuti Poncy
Aristolochia buntingii Pfeifer
Aristolochia burchellii Mast.
Aristolochia burelae Herzog
Aristolochia burkartii Ahumada
Aristolochia burro Lindm.
Aristolochia cabrerae Ahumada
Aristolochia cambodiana Pierre ex Lecomte
Aristolochia campestris Rojas Acosta
Aristolochia cardiantha Pfeifer
Aristolochia carterae Pfeifer
Aristolochia castellana (E.Nardi) A.Costa
Aristolochia castellanosii Ahumada
Aristolochia caudata Jacq.
Aristolochia cauliflora Ule
Aristolochia ceresensis Kuntze
Aristolochia ceropegioides S.Moore
Aristolochia chachapayensis Ahumada, 1979
Aristolochia chachapoyensis Ahumada
Aristolochia chalmersii O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia chamissonis (Klotzsch) Duch.
长叶马兜铃 Aristolochia championiae Merr. & Chun
Aristolochia chilensis Bridges
Aristolochia chilensis Bridges ex Lindl.
Aristolochia chilensis Miers
Aristolochia chiquitensis Duch.
苞叶马兜铃 Aristolochia chlamydophylla C.Y.Wu ex S.M.Hwang
Aristolochia chrismuelleriana W.N.Takeuchi
Aristolochia chrysochlora Barb.Rodr.
Aristolochia cilicica P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
Aristolochia clavidenia Griseb.
欧洲马兜铃 Aristolochia clematitis L.
Aristolochia clementis Alain
Aristolochia clusii Lojac.
Aristolochia clusii x Aristolochia paucinervis
Aristolochia cochinchinensis T.V.Do
Aristolochia coerulea Niederl., 1890
Aristolochia colimensis Santana Mich.
Aristolochia colombiana F.González
Aristolochia colossifolia Hoehne
Aristolochia consimilis Mast.
Aristolochia constricta Griseb.
北马兜铃 Aristolochia contorta Bunge
Aristolochia conversiae Pfeifer
Aristolochia cordiflora Mutis ex Kunth
Aristolochia cordigera Willd. ex Klotzsch
Aristolochia coriacea Raf.
Aristolochia cornuta Mast.
Aristolochia cortinata Reinecke
Aristolochia coryi I.M.Johnst.
Aristolochia crassinervia O.Schmidt
Aristolochia cremersii Poncy
Aristolochia cretica Lam.
Aristolochia croatica Horvatic
Aristolochia cruenta Barringer
Aristolochia cubensis Linden
瓜叶马兜铃 Aristolochia cucurbitifolia Hayata
葫芦叶马兜铃 Aristolochia cucurbitoides C. F. Liang
Aristolochia curro Lindm.
Aristolochia curtisiae King ex Gamble
Aristolochia curtisii King
Aristolochia curtisii King ex Gamble
Aristolochia curviflora Malme
Aristolochia cymbifera Mart. & Zucc.
Aristolochia cynanchifolia Mart. & Zucc.
Aristolochia daemoninoxia Mast.
Aristolochia dalyi F.González
Aristolochia davilae Calzada, G.Flores & O.Téllez
马兜铃 Aristolochia debilis Siebold & Zucc.
Aristolochia decandra DingHou
Aristolochia decursive
贯叶马兜铃 Aristolochia delavayi Franch.
Aristolochia deltantha F.Muell.
Aristolochia deltoidea Kunth
Aristolochia dictyophlebia Merr. & L.M.Perry
Aristolochia didyma S.Moore
Aristolochia dielsiana O.Schmidt
Aristolochia dinghoui F.González & Poncy
Aristolochia disticha Mast.
Aristolochia diversifolia Duchesne
Aristolochia dongnaiensis Pierre ex Lecomte
Aristolochia droseroidis Hoehne, 1910
Aristolochia durangensis Pfeifer
Aristolochia echinata Barb.Rodr.
Aristolochia ehrenbergiana Cham.
Aristolochia ekmanii O.Schmidt
美丽马兜铃 Aristolochia elegans Mast.
Aristolochia elongata Knowlton, 1917
Aristolochia embergeri Nozeran & N.Hallé
Aristolochia emiliae Santana Mich. & Solís
Aristolochia engleriana O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia enricoi (Luino, L.Gaut. & Callm.)
Aristolochia erecta L.
Aristolochia eriantha Mart. & Zucc.
Aristolochia esperanzae Kuntze
Aristolochia fastidiosa L.Planch.
Aristolochia filipendula Duch.
Aristolochia filipendulina Duch.
Aristolochia filipendulina L.Planch.
Aristolochia fimbriata Cham.
Aristolochia flava Poncy
Aristolochia flexuosa Duch.
Aristolochia floribunda Lem.
Aristolochia foetida Kunth
Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut.
通城虎 Aristolochia fordiana Hemsl.
大囊马兜铃 Aristolochia forrestiana J. S. Ma
Aristolochia fosterae Barringer
Aristolochia fosteri Barringer
蜂窠马兜铃 Aristolochia foveolata Merr.，蜂窝马兜铃
黄毛马兜铃 Aristolochia fulvicoma Merr. & Chun
Aristolochia fragrantissima Ruiz
福建马兜铃 Aristolochia fujianensis S.M.Hwang
Aristolochia gabonensis Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia gardneri Duch.
Aristolochia gaudichaudii Duch.
Aristolochia gehrtii Hoehne
Aristolochia geniculata E.Nardi
优贵马兜铃 Aristolochia gentilis Franch.
Aristolochia gibertii Hook.
Aristolochia gigantea Mart. & Zucc.
Aristolochia ginzbergeri Ahumada
Aristolochia glandulosa J.Kickx fil.
Aristolochia glandulosa J.M.Ferrari, 1978
Aristolochia glandulosa Scheidw.
Aristolochia glaucifolia Ridl.
Aristolochia glossa Pfeifer
Aristolochia goldieana Hook.fil.
Aristolochia goliathiana Mich.J.Parsons
Aristolochia goudotii Duch.
Aristolochia gourigangaica N.C.Nair
Aristolochia gracilifolia O.Schmidt
Aristolochia gracilipedunculata F.González
Aristolochia grandiflora Arruda
大花马兜铃 Aristolochia grandiflora Sw.
西藏马兜铃 Aristolochia griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Duch.
Aristolochia guadalajarana S.Watson
Aristolochia guadichaudii Klotzsch
Aristolochia guentheri O.Schmidt
Aristolochia guianensis Poncy
Aristolochia guichardii P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
Aristolochia gurinderi K.Ravik., U.L.Tiwari & N.Balach.
海南马兜铃 Aristolochia hainanensis Merr.
Aristolochia haitiensis Ekman & O.Schmidt
Aristolochia hansenii Phuph.
Aristolochia harmandiana Pierre ex Lecomte
Aristolochia helix Phuph.
Aristolochia heppii Merxm.
Aristolochia hians Willd.
Aristolochia hilariana Duch.
Aristolochia hirta L.
Aristolochia hispida Pohl ex Duch.
Aristolochia hockii DeWild.
Aristolochia hoehneana O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia hohuanense S.S.Ying
Aristolochia hohuanensis S.S.Ying
Aristolochia holostylis F.González
Aristolochia holtzei F.Muell.
南粤马兜铃 Aristolochia howii Merr. & Chun
环江马兜铃 Aristolochia huanjiangensis Yan Liu & L. Wu
Aristolochia humilis Merr.
Aristolochia hyperborea Paxton
鲜黄马兜铃 Aristolochia hyperxantha X. X. Zhu & J. S. Ma
Aristolochia hypoglauca Kuhlm.
Aristolochia hyrcana P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
Aristolochia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.
Aristolochia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Duch.
凹脉马兜铃 Aristolochia impressinervia C.F.Liang
Aristolochia incisa Duch.
Aristolochia incisiloba Jongkind
Aristolochia indica L.
Aristolochia inflata Kunth
Aristolochia insolita J.Freitas & M.Peixoto
内卷马兜铃 Aristolochia involuta X. X. Zhu, Z. X. Ma & J. S. Ma
Aristolochia iquitensis O.Schmidt
Aristolochia isaurica E.Nardi
Aristolochia islandica Pfeifer
Aristolochia jackii Steud.
尖峰岭马兜铃 Aristolochia jianfenglingensis Han Xu, Y. D. Li & H. Q. Chen
Aristolochia jingiangensis H.Zhang & C.K.Hsieh
Aristolochia kachinensis Ohi-Toma, Nob.Tanaka & J.Murata
大叶马兜铃 Aristolochia kaempferi Willd.
Aristolochia kanukuensis Feuillet
Aristolochia karwinskii Duch.
克长马兜铃 Aristolochia kechangensis Y. D. Peng & L. Y. Yu
Aristolochia kepara (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia keratuma F.González & Pabón-Mora
Aristolochia kerrii Craib
Aristolochia killipiana O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia klossii Ridl.
Aristolochia klugii O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia kongkandae Phuph.
Aristolochia krausei P.H.Davis
Aristolochia krisagathra Sivar. & Pradeep
Aristolochia krukoffii O.C.Schmidt
昆明马兜铃 Aristolochia kunmingensis C. Y. Cheng & J. S. Ma
广西马兜铃 Aristolochia kwangsiensis Chun & F.C.How ex S.Yun Liang
巴西马兜铃 Aristolochia labiata Willd.
Aristolochia lagesiana Ule
Aristolochia lagesiana Ule ex Pilg.
Aristolochia laheyana (F.M.Bailey) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia lanceolatolorata S.Moore
Aristolochia laotica T.V.Do[ 10] Aristolochia lassa I.M.Johnst.
Aristolochia lauterbachiana O.Schmidt
Aristolochia lawrenceae N.E.Br.
Aristolochia leonensis Scott Elliot
Aristolochia leprieurii Duch.
Aristolochia leptosticta Urb.
Aristolochia leuconeura Linden
Aristolochia leucotricha Briq.
Aristolochia leytensis Merr.
Aristolochia limai Hoehne
Aristolochia lindeniana Duch.
Aristolochia lindneri A.Berger
Aristolochia linearifolia Wright ex Griseb.
Aristolochia lingua Malme
Aristolochia lingulata Ule
Aristolochia lingulata Ule ex Pilg.
Aristolochia linnemannii Warb.
美丽马兜铃 Aristolochia littoralis Parodi
Aristolochia longeracemosa B.Hansen & Phuph.
弄岗马兜铃 Aristolochia longgangensis C.F.Liang
Aristolochia longicaulis Rojas Acosta
Aristolochia longifolia Sessé & Moc.
Aristolochia longipes S.Watson
Aristolochia longiracemosa B.Hansen & Phuph.
Aristolochia longispathulata F.González
Aristolochia longissima M.A.Blanco, J.E.Jiménez & Aguilar
Aristolochia lorenae J.Freitas & F.González
Aristolochia lozaniana F.González
Aristolochia lutea Desf.
Aristolochia lutescens Duch.
Aristolochia luudamcui T.V.Do
Aristolochia luudamcui T.V.Do.The, 2021
Aristolochia luzmariana Santana Mich.
Aristolochia lycica P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
Aristolochia macbrideana Standl. ex J.F.Macbr., 1937
Aristolochia macgregorii Merr.
Aristolochia macrocarpa Duch.
Aristolochia macroura Gomes
Aristolochia magnifolia Briq.
Aristolochia manantlanensis Santana Mich.
Aristolochia manaosensis Ahumada
Aristolochia mannii Hook.fil.
Aristolochia manokwariensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
木通马兜铃 Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom.
Aristolochia maranonensis O.Schmidt
Aristolochia marianensis Ahumada
Aristolochia marioniana Elad.Fernández & G.A.Romero[ 9] Aristolochia marsupiiflora Schrad.
Aristolochia mathewsii Duch.
Aristolochia maurorum L.
大马兜铃 Aristolochia maxima Jacq.
Aristolochia medicinalis R.E.Schult.
黑头马兜铃 Aristolochia melanocephala X. X. Zhu
Aristolochia melanoglossa Speg.
Aristolochia melastoma Silva Manso ex Duch.
Aristolochia melgueiroi Barringer & F.Guánchez
Aristolochia meridionaliana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia meridionalis E.M.Ross
Aristolochia merxmuelleri Greuter & E.Mayer
Aristolochia metriosa Rojas Acosta
Aristolochia mexicana Kostel.
Aristolochia micrantha Duch.
Aristolochia microphylla Sessé & Moc.
Aristolochia microphylla Willd.
Aristolochia microstoma Boiss. & Spruner
Aristolochia minutiflora Ridl. ex Gamble
Aristolochia mirandae L.Marion
Aristolochia mishuyacensis O.C.Schmidt
寻骨风 Aristolochia mollissima Hance
Aristolochia momandul K.Schum.
Aristolochia montana Ekman & O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia monticola Brandegee
Aristolochia morae F.González
Aristolochia morii F.González
Aristolochia mortua Cockerell, 1908
Aristolochia mossiae S.Moore
Aristolochia mossii S.Moore
宝兴马兜铃 Aristolochia moupinensis Franch.
木论马兜铃 Aristolochia mulunensis Y. S. Huang & Yan Liu
Aristolochia mutabilis Pfeifer
Aristolochia mycteria Pfeifer
Aristolochia nahua Paizanni & Santana Mich.
Aristolochia nana S.Watson
Aristolochia nardiana I.M.Turner
Aristolochia navicularis E.Nardi
Aristolochia naviculilimba DingHou
Aristolochia nelsonii Eastw.
Aristolochia nevesarmondiana Hoehne
Aristolochia novoguineensis O.Schmidt
Aristolochia nummularifolia Kunth
Aristolochia oaxacana Eastw.
偏花马兜铃 Aristolochia obliqua S. M. Hwang
Aristolochia oblongata Jacq.
Aristolochia oblongifolia Brandegee
Aristolochia obscura Lesquereux, 1861
Aristolochia occidentalis Santana Mich. & S.Lemus Juarez
Aristolochia odora Steud.
Aristolochia odoratissima L.
Aristolochia oeningensis Heer, 1856
Aristolochia olivieri Colleg. ex Boiss.
Aristolochia ophioides L.Marión
Aristolochia oranensis Ahumada
Aristolochia orbicularis Duch.
Aristolochia ornithopterae Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia ornithorhyncha J.E.Jiménez, M.A.Blanco & Aguilar
卵叶马兜铃 Aristolochia ovalifolia Duch.
Aristolochia pacayacensis O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia pacifica Santana Mich. & Paizanni
Aristolochia paecilantha Boiss.
Aristolochia pallida Willd.
Aristolochia palmata C.L.Yang
Aristolochia palmeri S.Watson
Aristolochia pannosoides Hoehne
Aristolochia papillaris Mast.
Aristolochia papillifolia DingHou
Aristolochia paradisiana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia paraensis L.Planch.
Aristolochia paramaribensis Duch.
Aristolochia parvifolia Sm.
Aristolochia passiflorifolia A.Rich.
Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel
Aristolochia paulistana Hoehne
Aristolochia peltata L.
Aristolochia peltatodeltoidea Hoehne
Aristolochia peninsulensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia pentandra Jacq.
Aristolochia pentandra Sessé & Moc., 1894
Aristolochia perangustifolia Phuph.
Aristolochia peruviana O.Schmidt
滇南马兜铃 Aristolochia petelotii O. C. Schmidt
Aristolochia phetchaburiensis Chuakul & Saralamp
Aristolochia philippinensis Warb.
Aristolochia phuphathanaphongiana T.V.Do[ 11] Aristolochia physodes Ule
Aristolochia pierrei Lecomte
Aristolochia pilosa Kunth
毛柱马兜铃 Aristolochia pilosistyla X. X. Zhu & J. S. Ma
Aristolochia piperifolia Griff.
Aristolochia pistolochia L.
Aristolochia pithecurus Ridl.
Aristolochia pohliana Duch.
Aristolochia poluninii P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
多型叶马兜铃 Aristolochia polymorpha S.M.Hwang，多型马兜铃
Aristolochia pontica Lam.
Aristolochia poomae Phuph.
Aristolochia pothieri Pierre ex Lecomte
Aristolochia praevenosa F.Muell.
Aristolochia preussii Engl.
Aristolochia pringlei Rose
Aristolochia promissa Mast.
Aristolochia prostrata Duch.
拟翅茎马兜铃 Aristolochia pseudocaulialata X. X. Zhu, J. N. Liu & J. S. Ma
Aristolochia pseudotriangularis O.C.Schmidt
拟囊花马兜铃 Aristolochia pseudoutriformis X. X. Zhu & J. S. Ma
Aristolochia pubera F.A.Bauer ex Duch.
Aristolochia pubescens Page ex Steud.
Aristolochia pubescens Willd. ex Duch.
Aristolochia pueblana J.F.Ortega & R.V.Ortega
Aristolochia punctata Lam.
Aristolochia purhepecha Santana Mich. & Cuevas
Aristolochia pyrenosa Taub.
Aristolochia quadriflora Gueldenst.
Aristolochia quercetorum Standl.
Aristolochia quiricoana J.E.Jiménez, M.A.Blanco & M.Cedeño
Aristolochia raja Mart. & Zucc.
Aristolochia repanda D.Subram.
Aristolochia repens Mill.
雷西亚氏马兜铃 Aristolochia rethyae S.Kashung, Rimi Barman & P.R.Gajurel, 2022
Aristolochia rhizantha Lundell
Aristolochia ridicula N.E.Br.
Aristolochia rigida Duch.
麻雀花 Aristolochia ringens Vahl
Aristolochia robertii Ahumada
Aristolochia rojasiana (Chodat & Hassl.) F.González
Aristolochia rostrata Pfeifer
Aristolochia rotunda L.
Aristolochia rugosa Lam.
Aristolochia ruiziana (Klotzsch) Duch.
Aristolochia rumicifolia Mart. & Zucc.
Aristolochia rumphii Kostel.
Aristolochia rzedowskiana Santana Mich. & Guzm.-Hern.
管兰香 Aristolochia saccata Hook.f. & Thomson ex Klotzsch，袋形马兜铃
Aristolochia sagitifolia Moc. & Sessé, 1903
Aristolochia saltensis Speg. ex Hosseus, 1921
Aristolochia samanensis O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia samarensis Merr.
Aristolochia samsunensis P.H.Davis
Aristolochia savannoidea Paizanni & M.Ramírez
Aristolochia scandens Mill.
Aristolochia schlechteri Lauterb.
Aristolochia schottii L.Marión
Aristolochia schreiteri Ahumada
Aristolochia schultzeana O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia schulzii Ahumada
Aristolochia schulzii Hieron. ex Hosseus, 1921
Aristolochia schunkeana F.González
革叶马兜铃 Aristolochia scytophylla S. M. Hwang & D. Y. Chen
Aristolochia secunda Pfeifer
Aristolochia sempervirens L.
Aristolochia sepicola Mast.
Aristolochia sepikensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia sericea Blanco
Aristolochia sessilifolia (Klotzsch) Malme
Aristolochia setosa Duch.
Aristolochia setulosa A.A.M.Araújo
Aristolochia sicula Tineo
Aristolochia silvatica Barb.Rodr.
Aristolochia sinaloae Brandegee
Aristolochia singalangensis Korth. ex DingHou
中缅马兜铃 Aristolochia sinoburmanica Y. H. Tan & B.Yang[ 12] Aristolochia smilacea L.
Aristolochia smilacina (Klotzsch) Duch.
Aristolochia socorroensis Pfeifer
Aristolochia sparsifolia (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia sparusifolia (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia stahelii O.C.Schmidt
Aristolochia stenocarpa Kuntze
Aristolochia stenosiphon P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
Aristolochia steupii Woronow
Aristolochia stomachoides Hoehne
Aristolochia stomachoidis Hoehne
Aristolochia stuckertii Speg.
Aristolochia styloglossa Pfeifer
Aristolochia styoglossa Pfeifer
Aristolochia subglobosa J.Freitas, Lírio & F.González
Aristolochia surinamensis Willd.
耳叶马兜铃 Aristolochia tagala Champ.
Aristolochia taliscana Hook. & Arn.
Aristolochia tamnifolia (Klotzsch) Duch.
Aristolochia tentaculata O.Schmidt
Aristolochia tequilana S.Watson
Aristolochia teretiflora Pfeifer
Aristolochia theriaca Mart. ex Duch.
川西马兜铃 Aristolochia thibetica Franch.
Aristolochia thotteaeformis T.V.Do & Luu
Aristolochia thozetii F.Muell.
海边马兜铃 Aristolochia thwaitesii Hook.
Aristolochia tigrina A.Rich.
Aristolochia tithonusiana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
Aristolochia tonduzii O.Schmidt
铜壁关马兜铃 Aristolochia tongbiguanensis J.Y.Shen, Q.B.Gong & S.Landrein[ 13] Aristolochia translucida Pfeifer
粉质花马兜铃 Aristolochia transsecta (Chatterjee) C. Y. Wu ex S. M. Hwang
Aristolochia transtillifera DingHou
Aristolochia tresmariae Ferris
Aristolochia triactina Hook.fil.
Aristolochia triana Duch., 1864
Aristolochia trianae Duch.
Aristolochia trianaei Duch.
Aristolochia triangularis Cham.
长嘴马兜铃 Aristolochia tribolata L., 1753
Aristolochia trichostoma Griseb.
Aristolochia trilabiata Glaz.
Aristolochia trilobata L.
Aristolochia trulliformis Mast.
Aristolochia truncata Fielding & Gardner
背蛇生 Aristolochia tuberosa C.F.Liang & S.M.Hwang
管花马兜铃 Aristolochia tubiflora Dunn
Aristolochia tuitensis Santana Mich. & Paizanni
Aristolochia tyrrhena E.Nardi & Arrigoni
Aristolochia uhdeana Duch.
Aristolochia urbaniana Taub.
Aristolochia urupaensis Hoehne
囊花马兜铃 Aristolochia utriformis S. M. Hwang
Aristolochia valentina Duch.
Aristolochia variifolia Duch.
Aristolochia velutina Duch.
Aristolochia versabilifolia Pfeifer
变色马兜铃 Aristolochia versicolor S. M. Hwang
黄毛马兜铃 Aristolochia vestita Ohi-Toma, P.Li & Watan.-Toma
Aristolochia viperina Chodat & Hassl.
Aristolochia vitiensis A.C.Sm.
Aristolochia vuquangensis T.V.Do[ 14] Aristolochia wankeana J.Freitas, F.González & Poncy
Aristolochia warmingii Mast.
Aristolochia watsonii Wooton & Standl.
Aristolochia weberbaueri O.Schmidt
Aristolochia weddellii Duch.
Aristolochia wendeliana Hoehne
文山马兜铃 Aristolochia wenshanensis Lei Cai, D.M.He & Z.L.Dao[ 15] Aristolochia werdermanniana O.C.Schmidt
香港马兜铃 Aristolochia westlandii Hemsl.
Aristolochia whitei I.M.Johnst.
Aristolochia wilcoxiana Berry, 1916
Aristolochia williamsii Rusby
Aristolochia williardiana Knowlton, 1916
Aristolochia wrightii Seem.
Aristolochia xerophytica R.E.Schult.
雅长马兜铃 Aristolochia yachangensis B.G.Huang, Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang [ 16] Aristolochia yalaensis Phuph.
杨氏马兜铃 Aristolochia yangii
Aristolochia yungasensis Rusby
Aristolochia zebrina J.Freitas & F.González
Aristolochia zenkeri Engl.
中甸马兜铃 Aristolochia zhongdianensis J.S.Ma
港口马兜铃 Aristolochia zollingeriana Miq.
Aristolochia zonguldakensis Yild.
杂交种： 归入本属的物种：
中医 认为马兜铃属下的马兜铃 （A. debilis ）、北马兜铃 （A. contorta ）、木通马兜铃 （A. manshuriensis ）以及防己马兜铃 （A. fangchi ）等皆可入药 ，药用的不同植物部分有着不同的中文 名称：[ 17]
有研究认为上述中草药 中所含马兜铃酸具有消炎抗菌 作用并具有一定抗癌活性，但同时具有肾毒性 會引起泌尿道上皮癌為每百萬核鹼基 (nucleobase/base)就有150個核鹼基基因突變 ，馬兜鈴酸基因突變能力強度是現今已知最強的致癌物質。[ 18] [ 19] [ 20] 草药 导致的疾病 在早期被称为“中草药肾病 ”（Chinese herbs nephropathy，CHN），后来改称“马兜铃酸肾病 ”（aristolochic acid nephropathy，AAN）。[ 21] 人体 代谢 将成为一种具有遗传毒性 的突变原 ，并可引发癌症 。[ 22] 美国食品药品监督管理局 （FDA）在2001年向美国 市民发出有关警报。[ 23] 欧洲 各国及美国已颁布禁令，禁止进口 及出售含有马兜铃酸的草药。[ 24]
^ Genus: Aristolochia L. . Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-01-30 [2011-01-08 ] . （原始内容存档 于2009-05-07）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ 《中国植物志》第24卷：马兜铃属（Aristolochia L. ） . 中国植物物种信息数据库（DCP）. ^ 中国种子植物科属词典 . 中国数字植物标本馆. （原始内容 存档于2012-04-11）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ 4.0 4.1 Xinxin, Zhu; Jun, Wang; Shuai, Liao; Jinshuang, Ma. Synopsis of Aristolochia L. and Isotrema Raf. (Aristolochiaceae) in China. Biodiversity Science. 2019-10-20, 27 (10): 1143. doi:10.17520/biods.2019183 ^ 马金双. 东亚和南亚马兜铃属的补订 . 植物分类学报. 1994, 32 (3): 290–292 [2020-11-25 ] . （原始内容存档 于2022-04-20）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ Shi LS, Kuo PC, Tsai YL, Damu AG, Wu TS. The alkaloids and other constituents from the root and stem of Aristolochia elegans . . Bioorg Med Chem. Jan 15, 2004, 12 (2): 439–446 [2012-06-13 ] . PMID 14723962 存档 于2020-06-29） （英语） . 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ Zhu, Xin-Xin; Li, Xiao-Qin; Liao, Shuai; Du, Cheng; Wang, Yuan; Wang, Zhang-Hua; Yan, Jing; Zuo, Yun-Juan; Ma, Jinshuang. Reinstatement of Isotrema, a new generic delimitation of Aristolochia subgen. Siphisia (Aristolochiaceae) journal=Phytotaxa 401 (1): 1. 2019-04-10. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.1 ^ Aristolochia L. . GBIF. [2023-02-15 ] . （原始内容存档 于2022-11-05）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Eladio Fernández, Irina Ferreras, Brian D. Farrell, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros and Gustavo Adolfo Romero-González. 2019. Studies in Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) of Hispaniola. Phytotaxa. 420(1); 1-20. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.420.1.1
^ Truong Van Do, Thao Thi Hoang, Fang Wen, Stefan Wanke, Malcolm Forbes, Phetlasy Souladeth. 2023. Aristolochia laotica (subgen. Siphisia), A New Species from Northeastern Laos. Phytotaxa. 591(2); 155-163. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.7, http://Researchgate.net/publication/369778517_Aristolochia_laotica_a_new_species_from_Northeastern_Laos
^ Truong Van Do, Stefan Wanke, Christoph Neinhuis and Rachun Pooma. 2015. Aristolochia phuphathanaphongiana sp. nov. from southwestern Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany. 33(5); 567–571. DOI: 10.1111/njb.00889
^ 中缅马兜铃——缅北马兜铃属一新种 . NSII. [2023-02-18 ] . （原始内容存档 于2023-02-18）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ 云南西部发现马兜铃属一新种——铜壁关马兜铃 . NSII. [2023-02-17 ] . （原始内容存档 于2023-02-17）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ Truong Van Do, Hung Viet Nguyen and Khuong Duy Le. 2021. Aristolochia vuquangensis (Aristolochiaceae), A New Species from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa. 500(1); 37–44. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.500.1.5
^ 云南发现马兜铃科一新种——文山马兜铃 . NSII. [2023-02-16 ] . （原始内容存档 于2023-02-16）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ 广西岩溶地区发现马兜铃科植物新种：雅长马兜铃 . NSII. [2023-02-15 ] . （原始内容存档 于2023-02-15）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ 中华人民共和国卫生部 . 中华人民共和国药典 （第一部）. 北京 : 化学工业出版社. 2000: 31, 39, 41, 114, 154. ^ Poon et al. and Hoang et al.,"Genome-Wide Mutational Signatures of Aristolochic Acid and Its Application as a Screening Tool"[1] [失效連結 Sci TM ,August 7, 2013; 5(197).
^ 記者陳麗婷/台北報導,"致癌馬兜鈴酸 老鼠吃3天就傷害久遠"[2] ,聯合晚報 ,2013.08.08-03:10 pm.
^ C.P. Khare (编). Indian Herbal Remedies: Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany 1. Springer. Jan 22, 2004. ISBN 978-3540010265 ^ Cosyns JP. Aristolochic acid and 'Chinese herbs nephropathy': a review of the evidence to date. . Drug Saf. 2003, 26 (1): 33–48 [2012-06-13 ] . PMID 12495362 doi:10.2165/00002018-200326010-00004 存档 于2012-04-26） （英语） . 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ Arlt VM, Stiborova M, Schmeiser HH. Aristolochic acid as a probable human cancer hazard in herbal remedies: a review (PDF) . Mutagenesis. 2002, 17 (4): 265–277. doi:10.1093/mutage/17.4.265 （英语） . ^ Aristolochic Acid: FDA Warns Consumers to Discontinue Use of Botanical Products that Contain Aristolochic Acid . Apr 11, 2001 [2012-06-13 ] . （原始内容存档 于2010-02-16）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）^ U.S. Adds 8 Chemicals -- Some Common -- to Carcinogen List: New Carcinogens . Cancer Health Center. [2012-06-13 ] . （原始内容存档 于2012-06-20）. 页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）
American Cancer Society (ACS (2006): Known and Probable Carcinogens (Including Industrial Processes, Occupational Exposures, Infectious Agents, Chemicals, and Radiation). Version of 02/03/2006. Retrieved 2007-NOV-12.Depierreux, M; Van Damme, B; Vanden Houte K; & Vanherweghem, JL . Pathologic aspects of a newly described nephropathy related to the prolonged use of Chinese herbs. American Journal of Kidney Disease. August 1994, 24 (2): 172–180. PMID 8048421 Grollman, Arthur P.; Shibutani, Shinya; Moriya, Masaaki; Miller, Frederick; Wu, Lin; Moll, Ute; Suzuki, Naomi; Fernandes, Andrea; Rosenquist, Thomas; Medverec, Zvonimir; Jakovina, Krunoslav; Brdar, Branko; Slade, Neda; Turesky; Robert J.; Goodenough, Angela K.; Rieger, Robert; Vukelić, Mato & Jelaković, Bojan (2007): Aristolochic acid and the etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. PNAS 104 (20): 12129-12134. doi :10.1073/pnas.0701248104 PMID 17620607 PDf fulltext Supporting information （页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ）Heinrich, M., J. Chan, S. Wanke, Ch. Neinhuis and M.S.S. Simmonds 2009 Local Uses of Aristolochia species and content of Aristolochic Acid 1 and 2 – a global assessment based on bibliographic sources. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 125: 108 – 144.
Stiborova, M; Frei, E; Breuer, A;, Bieler, CA & Schmeiser, HH . Aristolactam I a metabolite of aristolochic acid I upon activation forms an adduct found in DNA of patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy. Experimental Toxicological Pathology. July 1999, 51 (4-5): 421–427. Vandaveer, Chelsie (2002): How did the shape of a flower cause the death of women? . Version of 2002-JAN-10. Retrieved 2007-NOV-12.Vanherweghem, JL; Depierreux, M; Tielemans, C; Abramowicz, D; Dratwa, M; Jadoul, M; Richard, C; Vandervelde, D; Verbeelen D, & Vanhaelen-Fastre, R . Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. The Lancet. 1993-02-13, 341 (8842): 387–391. PMID 8094166 doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92984-2
