传统意义上,来雷鸣鸟常常背视为已灭绝的恐鹤科的一员。[1][3]恐鹤科在南美的发展相当繁盛,从较小的裸翼鸟到体型巨大的卡林肯恐鹤,不同体型的恐鹤占据着多样的生态位。这些鸟类与现存的叫鹤关系较近,两者的形态有所相似,例如两者都有带弯钩的喙和弯曲且带有利爪的脚趾,它们得以成为凶猛的掠食性鸟类。在恐鹤科之中,雷鸣鸟常被放在自己的亚科——雷鸣鸟亚科之中,这是群体型相当巨大的恐鹤,还包含了诸如鸣恐鹤和副鸣恐鹤这样的成员。2003年,赫库兰尼姆·M·F·阿尔瓦伦加(Herculano M. F. Alvarenga)和 伊丽莎白·霍夫林(Elizabeth Höfling)的研究支持了将雷鸣鸟分入恐鹤科的观点,主要是基于其强壮的下颌和相似的跗跖骨。[1]而在2007年,费德里科·L·阿格诺林(Federico L. Agnolin)的研究否认了这一观点,因为这些特征也出现在诸如部分雁形类(驰鸟)的早期陆生鸟类之中。[6]根据研究,因为中段胫跗骨的相似等特征,雷鸣鸟相较于恐鹤可能与雁形目鸟类关系更近,阿格诺林因此将雷鸣鸟的支序位置移动到了基干雁形目。[6][2]
传统上,鸣恐鹤和副鸣恐鹤常被视为雷鸣鸟的近亲,三者组成了雷鸣鸟亚科,划分在恐鹤科之下,[10][1]当然这个亚科有时也会被称为鸣恐鹤亚科。[11][12][6]这种分类方法曾广受研究人员青睐,但自从 玛蒂尔德·多尔戈波尔·代·賽斯(Mathilde Dolgopol de Sáez)于1927年将其视为雁形目和加斯顿鸟的近亲以来,[13]对雷鸣鸟分类地位的讨论便开始了。自阿格诺林重拾这一观点之后,越来越多的古生物学家开始支持“雷鸣鸟属于雁形目”这一观点,当然,也有人并不赞同这种说法。[14][15]
^ 2.02.12.22.32.42.52.6Agnolin, Federico L. Reappraisal on the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Enigmatic Flightless Bird (Brontornis burmeisteri) Moreno and Mercerat, 1891. Diversity. 2021, 13 (2): 90. ISSN 1424-2818. doi:10.3390/d13020090(英语).
^ 4.04.14.2Moreno, F. P., & Mercerat, A. (1891). Catálogo de los pájaros fósiles de la República Argentina conservados en el Museo de La Plata. Taller de Publicaciones del Museo.
^ 6.06.16.26.36.46.56.6Agnolin, F. (2007). Brontornis burmeisteri Moreno & Mercerat, un Anseriformes (Aves) gigante del Mioceno Medio de Patagonia, Argentina. Revista del museo argentino de ciencias naturales nueva serie, 9(1), 15-25.
^Tambussi, C. P., & Degrange, F. J. (2013). Neogene Birds of South America. In South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds (pp. 59-86). Springer, Dordrecht.
^Buffetaut, E. (2017). A brontornithid from the Deseadan (Oligocene) of Bolivia. Contrib. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat, 7, 39-47.
^Acosta-Hospitalache, C., & Tambussi, C. (2005). Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 20(2), 127-132.
^ 11.011.1Silva, L. G. D. (2020). Revisão sobre a biomecânica da família Phorusrhacidae.
^Tambussi, C. P., & Degrange, F. J. (2013). The Paleogene birds of South America. In South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds (pp. 29-47). Springer, Dordrecht.
^ 13.013.113.213.313.4Buffetaut, E. (2014). Tertiary ground birds from Patagonia (Argentina) in the Tournouër collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 185(3), 207-214.
^Tambussi, C. P. (2011). Palaeoenvironmental and faunal inferences based on the avian fossil record of Patagonia and Pampa: what works and what does not. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 103(2), 458-474.
^ 17.017.117.2Degrange, F. J., Noriega, J. I., & Areta, J. I. (2012). Diversity and paleobiology of the Santacrucian birds. Early Miocene paleobiology in Patagonia: high-latitude paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 138-155.
^ 18.018.118.2Buffetaut, E. THE BRONTORNITHIDAE: NEW DATA ABOUT AN OLD PALAEORNITHOLOGICAL RIDDLE.
^Tambussi, C. P., & Degrange, F. (2012). South American and Antarctic continental Cenozoic birds: Paleobiogeographic affinities and disparities. Springer Science & Business Media.