— 「某些东西的时机一旦成熟，就会如雨后春笋般在不同的地方涌现。」[48]鲍耶·法卡斯（英语：Farkas Bolyai）规劝其子鲍耶·亚诺什尽快宣布非欧几何的发现 引自 Li & Vitanyi， An introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications， 1st ed., p. 83.
^Robert K. Merton, "Resistance to the Systematic Study of Multiple Discoveries in Science", European Journal of Sociology, 4:237–82, 1963. Reprinted in Robert K. Merton, The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations, Chicago, University of Chicago Press,1973, pp. 371–82. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^A. Rupert Hall, Philosophers at War, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1980.
^Robert K. Merton, "Singletons and Multiples in Scientific Discovery: a Chapter in the Sociology of Science", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 105: 470–86, 1961. Reprinted in Robert K. Merton, The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1973, pp. 343–70.
^"Copernicus seems to have drawn up some notes [on the displacement of good coin from circulation by debased coin] while he was at Olsztyn in 1519. He made them the basis of a report on the matter, written in German, which he presented to the Prussian Diet held in 1522 at Grudziądz... He later drew up a revised and enlarged version of his little treatise, this time in Latin, and setting forth a general theory of money, for presentation to the Diet of 1528." Angus Armitage, The World of Copernicus, 1951, p. 91.
^Roger Penrose, The Road to Reality, Vintage Books, 2005, p. 103.
^原文："If the semi-diameter of a sphere of the same density as the Sun in the proportion of five hundred to one, and by supposing light to be attracted by the same force in proportion to its [mass] with other bodies, all light emitted from such a body would be made to return towards it, by its own proper gravity."
^Gauss, Carl Friedrich, "Nachlass: Theoria interpolationis methodo nova tractata", Werke, Band 3, Göttingen, Königliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 1866, pp. 265–327.
^Heideman, M. T., D. H. Johnson, and C. S. Burrus, "Gauss and the history of the fast Fourier transform", Archive for History of Exact Sciences, vol. 34, no. 3 (1985), pp. 265–277.
^Roger Penrose, The Road to Reality, Vintage Books, 2005, p. 81.
^"Marie Curie was... beaten in the race to tell of her discovery that thorium gives off rays in the same way as uranium. Unknown to her, a German, Gerhard Carl Schmidt, had published his finding in Berlin two months earlier." Robert William Reid, Marie Curie, New York, New American Library, 1974, ISBN 0002115395, p. 65.
^N.E. Collinge, The Laws of Indo-European, pp. 149-52.
^Barbara Goldsmith, Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie, New York, W.W. Norton, 2005, ISBN 0-393-05137-4, p. 166.
^Stephen Hawking, The Brief History of Time,Bantam press(1996), pg:88.
^M.J. O'Dowd, E.E. Philipp, The History of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, London, Parthenon Publishing Group, 1994, p. 547.
^Eggleton, Philip; Eggleton, Grace Palmer (1927). "The inorganic phosphate and a labile form of organic phosphate in the gastrocnemius of the frog". Biochemical Journal 21 (1): 190–195. PMC 1251888. PMID 16743804.
^Fiske, Cyrus H.; Subbarow, Yellapragada (1927). "The nature of the 'inorganic phosphate' in voluntary muscle". Science 65 (1686): 401–403. doi:10.1126/science.65.1686.401. PMID 17807679.
^See the "bibliographic notes" at the end of chapter 7 in Hopcroft & Ullman, Introduction to Automata, Languages, and Computation, Addison-Wesley, 1979.
^Ralston, Anthony; Meek, Christopher (编), Encyclopedia of Computer Science second: 488–489, 1976, ISBN 0-88405-321-0
^See Chapter 1.6 in the first edition of Li & Vitanyi, An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications, who cite Chaitin (1975): "this definition [of Kolmogorov complexity] was independently proposed about 1965 by A.N. Kolmogorov and me ... Both Kolmogorov and I were then unaware of related proposals made in 1960 by Ray Solomonoff."
^斷言獨立的來源有Bollobás, Béla; Radcliff, A.J. Defect Sauer results. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A. 1995, 72: 189–208. doi:10.1016/0097-3165(95)90060-8.
^Vapnik, V. N.; Červonenkis, A. Ja. The uniform convergence of frequencies of the appearance of events to their probabilities. Akademija Nauk SSSR. 1971, 16: 264–279. MR 0288823.
^See Garey & Johnson, Computers and intractability, p. 119. Cf. also the survey article by Trakhtenbrot (see "External Links"). Levin emigrated to the U.S. in 1978.
^Endo, Akira; Kuroda M., Tsujita Y. (December 1976). "ML-236A, ML-236B, and ML-236C, new inhibitors of cholesterogenesis produced by Penicillium citrinium". Journal of Antibiotics (Tokyo), 197629(12), 1346–8. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.29.1346. PMID 1010803.
^"Crystal and Molecular Structure of Compactin, a New Antifungal Metabolite from Penicillium brevicompactum." Alian G. Brown, Terry C. Smale, Trevor J. King, Rainer Hasenkamp and Ronald H. Thompson. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1976, 1165-1170. DOI:10.1039/P19760001165
A. Rupert Hall, Philosophers at War, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1980.
David Lamb, Multiple Discovery: The Pattern of Scientific Progress, Amersham, Avebury Press, 1984.
Ming Li and Paul Vitanyi. An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1993. ISBN 0-387-94053-7. (U.S.); ISBN 3-540-94053-7 (Europe).
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