亞里士多德用诗中角色的人格來區分悲劇和喜劇. 悲劇中的角色是严肃、重要和有德行的,而喜劇的角色是缺德、有缺點和怪癖的。[9]在這裏,亞里士多德提出“角色三分法”(tripartite division of characters),把角色分爲比觀眾更有德(βελτίονας)、比觀眾更缺德(χείρονας)、和比觀眾的德行一樣的(τοιούτους)。[10][11][12]
悲剧是对于一个严肃、完整、有一定长度的行动的模仿。它的用詞應該是"美化的講話"-就是有節奏、韻律、和旋律的講話,也就是歌曲。而每一元素該分開使用,有一部分衹用講話,而另一部分衹用歌曲。而這些行动的模仿該用演戲而不是用講述,製造出可憐和恐懼來淨化人們的感情(Catharsisκάθαρσιςkatharsis)。(1449b25-30)/tranquility.
He sees tragedy as a purification process. So that literature can achieve a social function that the audience experience a process of tranquility to release pressure and return to normal daily life.
[13]
^Janko (1987, 7).
In Butcher's translation, this passage reads: "Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play, in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper catharsis of these emotions."
Aristotele: Poetica, introduzione, testo e commento di A. Rostagni, Torino 21945
Aristotle’s Poetics: The Argument, by G. F. Else, Harvard 1957
Aristotelis De arte poetica liber, recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instruxit R. Kassel, Oxonii 1965
Aristotle: Poetics, Introduction, Commentary and Appendixes by D. W. Lucas, Oxford 1968
Aristotle: Poetics, with Tractatus Coislinianus, reconstruction of Poetics II, and the Fragments of the On the Poets, transl. by R. Janko, Indianapolis/Cambridge 1987
Aristotle: Poetics, edited and translated by St. Halliwell, (Loeb Classical Library), Harvard 1995
Aristotle: Poetics, translated with an introduction and notes by M. Heath, (Penguin) London 1996
Aristoteles: Poetik, (Werke in deutscher Übersetzung 5) übers. von A. Schmitt, Darmstadt 2008
Aristotle: Poetics, editio maior of the Greek text with historical introductions and philological commentaries by L. Tarán and D. Goutas, (Mnemosyne Supplements 338) Leiden/Boston 2012
Further reading
Belfiore, Elizabeth, S., Tragic Pleasures: Aristotle on Plot and Emotion. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP (1992). ISBN 0-691-06899-2
Bremer, J.M., Hamartia: Tragic Error in the Poetics of Aristotle and the Greek Tragedy, Amsterdam 1969
Butcher, Samuel H., Aristotle’s Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, New York 41911
Carroll, M., Aristotle’s Poetics, c. xxv, Ιn the Light of the Homeric Scholia, Baltimore 1895
Cave, Terence, Recognitions. A Study in Poetics, Oxford 1988
Carlson, Marvin, Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present. Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell UP (1993). ISBN 978-0-8014-8154-3.
Dukore, Bernard F., Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to Grotowski. Florence, KY: Heinle & Heinle (1974). ISBN 0-03-091152-4
Downing, E., “oἷον ψυχή: Αn Εssay on Aristotle’s muthos”, Classical Antiquity 3 (1984) 164-78
Else, Gerald F., Plato and Aristotle on Poetry, Chapel Hill/London 1986