調解

調解诉讼程序中,除判决和裁决外,另一種解決爭議的方法。調解過程是由認可調解員,以中立人士身分,協助爭議雙方了解爭議的焦點,探討雙方的利益和需要,尋求共同接受的解決方案,並協助草擬協議書。雙方如達成協議,於協議書上簽署作實,而該協議書是具有法律約束力的。調解過程是由雙方自願參與,過程亦是絕對保密。

調解專業組織

香港及國際著名調解組織包括以下專業團體:

臺灣的調解

在臺灣的調解,分為司法調解和行政調解。
司法調解規定在民事訴訟法,調解地點在法院。
行政調解的規定則散落在各個法規,如<勞資爭議處理法><消費者保護法>,沒有統一的法典,但有共通性的規定<鄉鎮市調解條例>,調解地點在各個行政機關。

調解和調處的英文翻譯,均為mediation,程序也類似,均在行政機關簽立調解書,然後送法院核定,經法院核定後,有與確定判決同一效力,或至少有執行力。

行政調解,為基於紛爭當事人之合意,由行政機關介入調停紛爭之解決的行政介入形式。行政調處,亦屬行政機關介入調停紛爭之解決的行政介入形式,往往被規定為訴訟之先行程序,或調處不成立者,行政機關得採取後續措施。關於調處和調解並無統一定義,而意義核心相同,各法規在用語上難免任意使用。
引自<<裁判外紛爭解決機制在行政法領域之適用>><公務人員保障法上調處制度之檢討>作者:張桐銳,主編:劉建宏,日期2016年11月初版一刷。

由於臺灣的調解,最後都要進入法院司法審查,所以並不是完全的訴訟外紛爭解決機制Alternative Dispute Resolution页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(簡稱ADR)。
參考:https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/alternative_dispute_resolution页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
alternative dispute resolution
Definition
Alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”) refers to any method of resolving disputes without litigation. ADR regroups all processes and techniques of conflict resolution that occur outside of any governmental authority. The most famous ADR methods are the following: mediation, arbitration, conciliation, negotiation, and transaction.
依Cornell Law School的定義,ADR不止不能訴訟(litigation),甚至應該置外於公權力(governmental authority)。

外部連結

(臺灣)鄉鎮市以外的調解程序

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