針頭和附屬裝置更換計劃(英语:Needle and syringe programmes)(NEP)是用來減少透過靜脈注射毒品人士之間血體液傳染病的交互傳播。計劃通常也提供成癮諮詢服務,傳染病檢測,在某些情況下還提供心理健康和其他病例的處理。NEP在1980年代起源於歐洲,在1986年被引入美國,這個名稱的起源,是因為計劃最初是為靜脈注射非法物質的使用者提供乾淨,全新針頭的地方,並為那些人用過的針頭做回收。這樣的做法能把針頭做正確的處置。[8]實證研究證實NEP確有益處。[9]NEP可對導致HIV傳播的行為產生影響。這些行為包括減少分享使用過的注射器(減少被污染的注射器的循環使用),並以無菌注射器取代。
^Jason J. Pirozzolo; Donald C. LeMay. Blood-Borne Infections. Clinics.com: Volume 26, Issue 3, 425–431. July 2007 [February 23, 2014]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-16).
^Goodrich RP, et al., "Arkk Laboratory Comparison of Pathogen Reduction Technology Treatment and Culture of Platelet Products for Addressing Bacterial Contamination Concerns." Transfusion 2009;49 : 1205–1216.
^Ruane PH, et al., "Photochemical Inactivation of Selected Viruses and Bacteria in Platelet Concentrates Using Riboflavin and Light." Transfusion 2004; 44: 877–885.
^Goodrich RP, et al. "The Mirasol PRT System for Pathogen Reduction of Platelets and Plasma: An Overview of Current Status and Future Trends." Transfusion and Apheresis Science 2006; 35 (1): 5–17.
^Osselaer et al. "Universal adoption of pathogen inactivation of platelet components: impact on platelet and red blood cell component use". Transfusion 2009; 49:1412–1422.
^Cazenave et al. "An active hemovigilance program characterizing the safety profile of 7,483 transfusions with plasma components prepared with amotosalen and UVA photochemical treatment". Transfusion 2010;50:1210–1219.