肥厚型心肌病 或心肌病變 （英語：hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ，縮寫：HCM ）若出現血流阻塞的症狀，也可稱為肥厚型阻塞性心肌病 （hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ，縮寫：HOCM ）是一种无明显原因但心臟 部分肌肉组织 增厚 的心臟病 [ 8] 心室間隔 心室 [ 10] 泵血 ，也可能造成电传导 问题[ 11] 束支 浦肯野纤维 ，因为它们负责两个心室收缩细胞的去极化 [ 12]
症状多样，从无症状到疲勞 、水肿 和呼吸困难 [ 13] 胸痛 或暈厥 [ 13] [ 10] 心臟衰竭 、心律不整 和心源性猝死 [ 3] [ 4]
最常见的病因是遺傳 [ 6] 體染色體 显性遗传 [ 10] 心肌 蛋白相关的某些基因 發生突变 [ 6] 法布瑞氏病 、弗里德希氏共济失调 [ 5] 運動員心臟症候群 高血压 和某些药物（如：他克莫司 ）[ 10] 家族病史 谱系 、心电图 、超声心动图 和壓力測試 [ 7] 基因检测 確認[ 7] 法布瑞氏病 是X連鎖隱性遺傳 ，弗里德希氏共济失调 则是體染色體隐性遗传 [ 10]
治療依症狀及其它風險因子決定。藥物包括β受体阻滞剂 、维拉帕米 和丙吡胺 [ 8] 植入式心律去顫器 [ 7] 心室中隔心肌切除術 心脏移植 [ 7] [ 14]
每500人中就有1人患有肥厚型心肌病[ 8] [ 15] 唐納德·蒂爾 [ 16] [ 17]
最常见的病因是遺傳 ，由父母遗传給子女[ 6] 心肌 蛋白相关的某些基因 發生突变 [ 6] 法布瑞氏病 、弗里德希氏共济失调 ，與某些药物（如：他克莫司 ）可能引起的副作用[ 5] 心肌病 ，受影响的主要部位是心肌 [ 3] 心肌 僵硬造成心脏輸出血液 的能力下降，心室間隔 左心室流入主动脉 時受阻，并导致二尖瓣功能减弱 [ 18] [ 8]
心電圖顯示肥厚型阻塞性心肌病 依心电图 和超声心动描记术 诊断[ 19] 壓力測試 和基因檢測 [ 19] [ 19] [ 20] β受体阻滞剂 、维拉帕米 和丙吡胺 开始[ 8] 利尿劑 ，因為它會减少左心室容量和流出量，反而使心臟的輸出變小，而使病情惡化[ 21] 植入式心律去顫器 [ 19] 心室中隔心肌切除術 心脏移植 [ 18] [ 22] [ 9]
每500人中就有1人患有肥厚型心肌病[ 8] [ 22] [ 15] [ 15]
^ Other Names for Cardiomyopathy . NHLBI. 2016-06-22 [2016-08-31 ] . （原始内容存档 于2016-07-28）. ^ What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy? . NHLBI. 2016-06-22 [2017-11-10 ] . （原始内容存档 于2016-07-28）. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 What Is Cardiomyopathy? . NHLBI. 2016-06-22 [2017-11-10 ] . （原始内容存档 于2017-11-10）. ^ 4.0 4.1 Barsheshet A, Brenyo A, Moss AJ, Goldenberg I. Genetics of sudden cardiac death. Current Cardiology Reports. October 2011, 13 (5): 364–76. PMID 21789574 S2CID 25887172 doi:10.1007/s11886-011-0209-y ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 . Elsevier Health Sciences. 2017: 246 [2017-11-10 ] . ISBN 9780323529570原始内容 存档于2017-11-10）. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 What Causes Cardiomyopathy? . NHLBI. 2016-06-22 [2017-11-10 ] . （原始内容存档 于2017-10-05）. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Dearani JA, Fifer MA, Link MS, Naidu SS, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Rakowski H, Seidman CE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE, Yancy CW. 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. December 2011, 142 (6): 1303–1338. PMID 22093712 doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.10.019 ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Raja, Shahzad G. Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide . Springer Nature. : 35 [2025-01-31 ] . ISBN 978-3-030-24174-2存档 于2022-10-14） （英语） . ^ 9.0 9.1 Maron BJ, Ommen SR, Semsarian C, Spirito P, Olivotto I, Maron MS. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: present and future, with translation into contemporary cardiovascular medicine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. July 2014, 64 (1): 83–99. PMID 24998133 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.003 ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Basit, Hajira; Alahmadi, Mohamed H.; Rout, Preeti; Sharma, Saurabh. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy . StatPearls (StatPearls Publishing). 2025 [2025-01-31 ] . PMID 28613539 存档 于2024-07-03）. ^ What Is Cardiomyopathy? . NHLBI. 2016-06-22 [2017-11-10 ] . （原始内容存档 于2017-11-10）. ^ Bernardini A, Crotti L, Olivotto I, Cecchi F. Diagnostic and prognostic electrocardiographic features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . European Heart Journal Supplements. May 2023, 25 (Suppl C): C173–C178. PMC 10132576 PMID 37125268 doi:10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad074 ^ 13.0 13.1 What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy? . NHLBI. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. 2022-03-24 [2022-10-13 ] . （原始内容存档 于2016-07-28）. ^ Maron BJ, Ommen SR, Semsarian C, Spirito P, Olivotto I, Maron MS. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: present and future, with translation into contemporary cardiovascular medicine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. July 2014, 64 (1): 83–99. PMID 24998133 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.003 ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Types of Cardiomyopathy . NHLBI. 2016-06-22 [2017-11-10 ] . （原始内容存档 于2017-10-04）. ^ Teare D. Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults . British Heart Journal. January 1958, 20 (1): 1–8. PMC 492780 PMID 13499764 doi:10.1136/hrt.20.1.1 ^ McKenna WJ, Sen-Chowdhry S. From Teare to the present day: a fifty year odyssey in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a paradigm for the logic of the discovery process . Revista Espanola de Cardiologia. December 2008, 61 (12): 1239–44 [2017-02-06 ] . PMID 19080961 doi:10.1016/S1885-5857(09)60050-5 存档 于2017-11-11）. ^ 18.0 18.1 AHA. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) . www.heart.org. American Heart Association. 2022-05-13 [2022-10-13 ] . （原始内容存档 于2022-10-06） （英语） . ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Ommen, Steve R.; Mital, Seema; Burke, Michael A.; Day, Sharlene M.; Deswal, Anita; Elliott, Perry; Evanovich, Lauren L.; Hung, Judy; Joglar, José A.; Kantor, Paul; Kimmelstiel, Carey. 2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary . Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 22 December 2020, 76 (25): 3022–3055 [14 October 2022] . PMID 33229115 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.044 存档 于16 October 2022）. ^ Phelan, Dermot M.; Symanski, John. EngelEngel, David J.; Phelan, Dermot M. , 编. 7. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . Switzerland: Springer. 2021: 97–110 [2022-10-14 ] . ISBN 978-3-030-69383-1原始内容 存档于2022-10-14） （英语） . ^ Shah, Sandy N. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Left Ventricular Myomectomy and Mitral Valve Replacement, Pacemaker Implantation . emedicine. 29 April 2022 [13 October 2022] . （原始内容存档 于13 October 2022）. ^ 22.0 22.1 Ralph-Edwards, Anthony; Vanderlaan, Rachel D.; Bajona, Pietro. Transaortic septal myectomy: techniques and pitfalls . Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery. July 2017, 6 (4): 410–415 [2022-10-13 ] . ISSN 2225-319X PMID 28944183 doi:10.21037/acs.2017.07.08 存档 于2022-10-13）.
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