^H. Musso, C. Rathjen. Orcein dyes. X. Light absorption and chromophore of litmus. Chem. Ber. 1959, 92 (3): 751–3. doi:10.1002/cber.19590920331.
^Litmus. 7 October 2021 [2023-08-07]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-28).
^ 4.04.14.2Manfred Neupert: Lackmus in Römpp Lexikon Chemie (German), January 31, 2013.
^Surber, Christian; Humbert, Philippe; Abels, Christoph; Maibach, Howard. Surber, Christian; Abels , 编. pH of the Skin: Issues and Challenges - Current Problems in Dermatology. Basel: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. 2018: 3 [1 May 2023]. ISBN 9783318063851. (原始内容存档于2023-05-03). In the early 14th century, the Spanish scholar, Arnaldus de Villa Nova (1235–1311), began to use litmus for studying acids and bases. This compound, extracted from a lichen, had been used as a dye since at least the time of the Vikings, but he was the first person known to use it as a test of acidity.
^Beecken, H.; E-M. Gottschalk; U. v Gizycki; H. Krämer; D. Maassen; H-G. Matthies; H. Musso; C. Rathjen; Ul. Zdhorszky. Orcein and Litmus. Biotechnic & Histochemistry. 2003, 78 (6): 289–302. doi:10.1080/10520290410001671362.