法国天文学家尼可拉·路易·拉卡伊在好望角停留两年,观察并分类上万颗南天恒星,在1751至1752年划分矩尺座并取名“l’Équerre et la Règle”,意为“三角板和直尺”[2][3]他在欧洲无法观测的南天球星空划出14个星座,其中13个用象征啟蒙時代的科学仪器命名[4][注 1]。拉卡伊1756年的南天星图把矩尺座、圆规座和南三角座画成绘图工具套装,分别代表三角板和直尺、圆规、测量员使用的水平仪[5]。星图上水平仪的位置悬在三角形顶点上方,导致部分天文学家误以为拉卡伊把“三角板和直尺”更名“水平仪”[4]。1763年,拉卡伊把星座名称缩短并拉丁化成“Norma”[2]。
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