牛津拼寫（英語：Oxford spelling），也称为牛津英語詞典拼寫（Oxford English Dictionary spelling）、牛津式（Oxford style）或牛津英語拼寫（Oxford English spelling），[1]是英語的一種拼寫方式，是牛津大學出版社（OUP）用於其在英國國內的出版物的標準拼寫方式，包括《牛津英語詞典》（Oxford English Dictionary）以及權威英式寫作指南「Hart's Rules」，根據梅里亚姆-韦伯斯特，一些「注重詞源」的出版社也會使用牛津拼寫。[2]
牛津拼寫最典型的特徵就是使用後綴「-ize」，例如使用「organization」、「privatize」和「recognizable」，而不用「organisation」「privatise」和「recognisable」。這一拼寫涉及約200個動詞，之所以推薦該拼寫是因為其詞源基礎，對於多數「-ize」結尾的動詞，「-ize」更符合其希臘語詞源「-izo」。[4]「-ize」後綴早在15世紀就已於英國使用了，[9]並且現在也是美式英語的拼法，將「-ize」視為美國英語的專利是不正確的。[9]《牛津英語詞典》將使用「-ise」拼寫的單詞作為「一種-IZE的常見拼寫……」（a frequent spelling of -IZE…）單獨列出：
This practice probably began first in French; in modern French the suffix has become -iser, alike in words from Greek, as baptiser, évangéliser, organiser, and those formed after them from Latin, as civiliser, cicatriser, humaniser.
Hence, some have used the spelling -ise in English, as in French, for all these words, and some prefer -ise in words formed in French or English from Latin elements, retaining -ize for those formed from Greek elements.
However, the suffix itself, whatever the element to which it is added, is in its origin the Greek -ιζειν, Latin -izāre; and, as the pronunciation is also with z, there is no reason why in English the special French spelling should be followed, in opposition to that which is at once etymological and phonetic. In this Dictionary the termination is uniformly written -ize. (In the Greek -ιζ-, the i was short, so originally in Latin, but the double consonant z (= dz, ts) made the syllable long; when the z became a simple consonant, /-idz/ became īz, whence English /-aɪz/.)
使用「-ize」代替「-ise」並不影響那些不是來自希臘語「-izo」的單詞。其中一例就是以「-yse」（實際上是「-lyse」）結尾的單詞，例如「analyse」、「paralyse」和「catalyse」，取自希臘語動詞「λύω (lyo)」，其完成式（不定過去式）的詞幹為「-lys-」， 因此此處「-yse」更符合詞源。其他的還包括「arise」、「chastise」、「disguise」、「prise」(in the sense of open)和「televise」。[10]
^50 things you might not know about Nature Chemistry. [5 May 2016]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）. [W]e use Oxford English spelling. So, for all of you wondering why we put 'z's in lots of words that you don’t think we should, hopefully that answers your question.
^"ize" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage. Merriam-Webster, 1994, p. 568.
^ 4.04.1Ritter, R. M. New Hart's Rules. Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 43.
That it affects around 200 verbs, see Upward, Christopher and Davidson, George. "The suffix -IZE/-ISE" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The History of English Spelling. John Wiley & Sons, 2011, p. 220.
^McArthur, Tom (ed.). "The -ize and -ise group" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 124.
^Three further examples: 1. Style Manual 2nd Revised. UNESCO. 2004. 2. Hindle, W. H. Theron, Johan; Malania, Leo , 编. A Guide to Writing for the United Nations 2nd. UN Department of Conference Services. 1984. 3.
Words ending in -ize, -ise and -yse. WHO Style Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2004: 77–78. Where there is a choice between using the suffix -ize or -ise (e.g. organize or organise), -ize, derived from the Greek "-izo", is preferred, consistent with the first spelling of such words given in The concise Oxford dictionary（原文如此）. All use British -our spellings with Oxford -ize/-ization, except in proper names that have Organisation.
^IANA language subtag registry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, IANA, with "en-GB-oed" added 2003-07-09 marked as grandfathered, and deprecated effective 2015-04-17, with "en-GB-oxendict" preferred (accessed 2015-08-08).
^ 9.09.1-ize or -ise?. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. [9 August 2013]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-31）.
^According to the Canadian Oxford Dictionary, 2004.
^The spelling analyse is listed first, ahead of analyze, by The Winston Canadian Dictionary, Holt, Rinehart and Winston of Canada, Toronto, 1960, 1974.
^The termination -or was formerly endorsed by the Gage Canadian Dictionary.
