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^ 22.022.122.2Iron and steel industry. Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
^K. C. Barraclough, Steel before Bessemer: II Crucible Steel: the growth of technology (The Metals Society, London, 1984).
^Jones, J.A.T. ; Bowman, B. and Lefrank, P.A. Electric Furnace Steelmaking, in The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, pp. 525–660. R.J. Fruehan, Editor. 1998, The AISE Steel Foundation: Pittsburgh.