泥炭蘚屬

泥炭藓属
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
门：	藓类植物门 Bryophyta
纲：	泥炭藓纲 Sphagnopsida
目：	泥炭藓目 Sphagnales
科：	泥炭藓科 Sphagnaceae
属：	泥炭藓属 Sphagnum L.
组
尖叶组 S. sect. Acutifolia 狭叶组 S. sect. Cuspidata S. sect. Sphagnum S. sect. Subsecunda
異名
Isocladus Lindb. Sphagnopsis Trevis.

泥炭藓屬（学名：Sphagnum）旧称水藓屬，是泥炭藓科唯一的现存属，一般呈黄白色或灰白色，常有各种锈斑。

泥炭藓屬的茎没有假根，并在沼泽中紧密丛生，下部逐渐死亡，上部继续生长；“叶”有大型无色的细胞，有极强的吸水力，所以能在沼泽地上大片的丛生，遗体逐年的堆积成泥炭，并使沼泽地、湖泊逐渐淤积成陆地。泥炭苔是酸性泥炭沼澤的主要優勢物種，對碳固定有重要貢獻。

經曬乾後的泥炭藓是園藝常見的優秀介質，保水性佳又透氣，常常代替土壤成為讓盆景植物生長的介質。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

• 拟尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum acutifolioides Warnst
• 小叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum angustifolium
• 截叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum angstroemii
• 喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum apiculatum Lindb，多生于云、冷杉林下和落叶松甸子中。
• 粗叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum aquarrosum Crome.，生于林下积水地，云、冷杉林下和塔头中。是东北各林区常见种，常见孢蕨。
• 瓢叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum beccarii
• Sphagnum cavernulosum Flatberg & Whinam, 2011[1]
• 中华泥炭藓 Sphagnum chinense
• 密叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum compactum
• Sphagnum complanatum Flatberg & Whinam[1]
• 扭枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum contortum Schultzm, 1819
• 拟狭叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum cuspidatulum
• 狭叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh.
• 大泥炭藓 Sphagnum cymbifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., 1782，为Sphagnum palustre L.的异名
• 细齿泥炭藓 Sphagnum denticulatum Bridel, 1826
• Sphagnum divinum [2]
• 长叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum falcatulum Sphagnum falcatulum Bescherelle, 1885
• 锈色泥炭藓 Sphagnum fuscum Klinggräff, 1872
• 白齿泥炭藓 Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ.，生于塔头甸子或高位沼泽，常形成大片藓丛。东北各林区分布普遍。
• 毛壁泥炭藓 Sphagnum imbricatum Hornschuch ex Russow, 1865
• Sphagnum incundum Flatberg & Hassel[3]
• Sphagnum intermedium Hoffm., 1796，为Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.的异名
• 泛地泥炭藓 Sphagnum inundatum Russow, 1894
• Sphagnum islei Warnst.[1]
• Sphagnum isoviitae Flatberg, 1992[4]，为Sphagnum fallax var. isoviitae (Flatberg) Lönnell & K.Hassel的异名
• 日本泥炭藓 Sphagnum japonicum Warnst.，为Sphagnum palustre L.的异名
• 垂枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum jensenii H.Lindb., 1899
• 暖地泥炭藓 Sphagnum junghuhnianum
• 加萨泥炭藓 Sphagnum khasianum
• 利尼泥炭藓 Sphagnum lenense
• 吕宋泥炭藓 Sphagnum luzonense
• Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798[2]
• Sphagnum medium Limpr., 1881[2]
• 中位泥炭藓 Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798
• 中位泥炭藓 Sphagnum magellanicu Brid., 1798，生于沼泽地或塔头甸子中，有时亦见于落叶松甸子中。
• 小孔泥炭藓 Sphagnum microporum Warnst. ex Cardot, 1904
• 多纹泥炭藓 Sphagnum multifibrosum
• 尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum nemoreum
• 秃叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum obtusiusculum
• 舌叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum obtusum
• 稀孔泥炭藓 Sphagnum oligoporum
• 卵叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum ovatum
• 泥炭藓 Sphagnum palustre
• 疣泥炭藓 Sphagnum papillosum
• 拟宽叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum platyphylloides
• 羽枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum plumulosum
• 异叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum portoricense
• 刺叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum pungifolium
• Sphagnum quarrosum
• 五列泥炭藓 Sphagnum quinquefarium
• 喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum recurvum
• 岸生泥炭藓 Sphagnum riparium
• 广舌泥炭藓 Sphagnum robustum (Warnst.) Röll，为 Sphagnum russowii Warnst.的异名
• 红叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum rubellum Wilson, 1855
• 广舌泥炭藓 Sphagnum russowii
• 丝光泥炭藓 Sphagnum sericeum C.Muell., 1847
• Sphagnum skyense Flatberg, 1988[5]
• 粗叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum squarrosum
• Sphagnum subsecumdum
• 偏叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum subsecundum
• 柔叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum tenellum
• 细叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr.，生于塔头沼泽或林下低洼积水地。
• 阔边泥炭藓 Sphagnum warnstorfianum
• 多枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum wulfianum

参考文献

1. I Flatberg, Jennie Whinam & Marc Lebouvier (2011) Three species of Sphagnum endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: S. cavernulosum sp. nov., S. complanatum sp. nov. and S. islei, Journal of Bryology, 33:2, 105-121, DOI: 10.1179/1743282010Y.0000000019
2. Kristian Hassel, Magni O. Kyrkjeeide, Narjes Yousefi, Tommy Prestø, Hans K. Stenøien, Jonathan A. Shaw & Kjell Ivar Flatberg (2018) Sphagnum divinum (sp. nov.) and S. medium Limpr. and their relationship to S. magellanicum Brid., Journal of Bryology, 40:3, 197-222, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2018.1474424
3. Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Kristian Hassel, Blanca Shaw, A. Jonathan Shaw, Eva M. Temsch and Kjell Ivar Flatberg. 2018. Sphagnum incundum A New Species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from Boreal and Arctic Regions of North America. Phytotaxa. 333(1); 1–21. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.333.1.1
4. K. I. Flatberg (1992) The European taxa in the Sphagnum recurvum complex. 1. Sphagnum isoviitae sp. nov. , Journal of Bryology, 17:1, 1-13, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1992.17.1.1
5. Kjell I. Flatberg (1988) Sphagnum skyense sp. nov, Journal of Bryology, 15:1, 101-107, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1988.15.1.101