氟磺酸盐

氟磺酸盐
英文名	Fluorosulfate
识别
CAS号	15181-47-2 ^Y
性质
化学式	SO3F^−
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

氟磺酸盐是氟磺酸的盐，含有SO₃F^−离子。氟磺酸根可以看作是硫酸氢根的一个羟基被氟取代而成的离子。[1]氟磺酸根离子与金属阳离子形成配合物的倾向较低。由于氟的大小和氧相似，氟磺酸根基本是四面体形的，类似于高氯酸根。它和硫酸氢根 HSO−
4是等电子体。[2] 如果氟磺酸的氢原子被替换成有机基团，就会形成氟磺酸酯（英语：Fluorosulfonate）。

在溶液中，氟磺酸根会完全电离。这个离子的体积为 47.8 cm^3/mol。[3]大部分金属和季铵盐都可以形成氟磺酸盐。[3]氟磺酸盐可以由金属氯化物和无水氟磺酸反应而成，并放出氯化氢。复分解反应制备法包括金属硫酸盐和氟磺酸钡的反应，或是金属氯化物和氟磺酸银的反应，会留下沉淀。[3]

氟磺酸根的配位性很弱，且难以氧化。它在历史上作为很重要的非配位阴离子模型。然而，到了21世纪，氟硫酸盐在这种用途中被BARF（英语：Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate）取代了。[2]

很多二元氟磺酸盐是已知的。非金属氟磺酸盐包括卤素和氙的氟磺酸盐。[2]一些三元氟磺酸盐也是已知的，包括 Cs[Sb(SO₃F)₆]、Cs[Au(SO₃F)₄]和 Cs₂[Pt(SO₃F)₆][2]。

相关的离子化合物有氟代硒酸盐 SeO₃F^− 和氟代亚硫酸盐 SO₂F^−。[4]氟化硫酸盐（英语：sulfate fluorides）则是另外一类化合物，它们的氟离子没有和硫酸根连接。

reederite-(Y)（英语：reederite-(Y)）是一种含有氟磺酸根的天然矿物。它是一种混合阴离子化合物（英语：mixed anion compound），其中也存在着碳酸根和氯离子。[5]

化合物列表

化学式	名称	颜色	分解温度（°C）	分解产物	晶体结构	参考资料
LiSO3F	氟磺酸锂				C2/m a=8.54 b=7.62 c=4.98 β=90.0 V=81	[1]
Be(SO3F)2	氟磺酸铍			SO3		[6]
CF3(SO3F)	氟磺酸三氟甲酯					[6]
CF2(SO3F)2						[6]
CF(SO3F)3						[6]
C(SO3F)4	氟磺酸碳					[6]
NH4SO3F	氟磺酸铵				正交晶系 Pnma a=8.97 b=6.00 c=7.54 V=101.4 Z=4	[1]
N(CH3)4SO3F	四甲基氟磺酸铵				正交晶系 Pnma a=8.38 b=8.38 c=5.86 V=102.88 Z=4	[1]
NOSO3F	氟磺酸亚硝酰		熔点 156		密度 1.96	[4][7]
NO2SO3F	氟磺酸硝酰					[7]
S2O6F2	过氧化氟磺酰					[2]
NaSO3F	氟磺酸钠				六方晶系 a=5.4812 b=5.4812 c=6.5172 V=169.57 Z=2 密度 2.390	[1]
Mg(SO3F)2	氟磺酸镁			SO3		[4]
Al(SO3F)2.3CH3CN						[8]
Al(SO3F)3	氟磺酸铝	白色			聚合物，氟磺酸根是二齿桥接配体	[9]
Si(SO3F)4	氟磺酸硅			S2O5F2 SiO2		[4]
PO(SO3F)3	氟磺酸磷(V)酰			S2O5F2		[4]
PO(SO3F)	氟磺酸磷(III)酰					[6]
ClSO3F	氟磺酸氯					[2]
ClO2SO3F	氟磺酸氯酰	红或浅黄	低熔点			[10]
KSO3F	氟磺酸钾				Pnma a=8.62 b=5.84 c=7.35 V=92.5	[1]
Ca(SO3F)2	氟磺酸钙			CaF2 SO3		[6]
Ti(SO3F)4	氟磺酸钛			S2O5F2		[4]
VO(SO3F)3	氟磺酸氧钒	深红色液体
CrO2(SO3F)2	氟磺酸氧铬	绿或棕				[11]
Mn(SO3F)2	氟磺酸锰(II)					[6]
MnO(SO3F)	氟磺酸氧锰(III)	深棕				[6]
Mn(SO3F)3	氟磺酸锰(III)					[12]
Mn(CO)4(SO3F)	四羰基氟磺酸锰					[12]
Mn(CO)5(SO3F)	五羰基氟磺酸锰					[12]
Rb2Mn(SO3F)5						[12]
Cs2Mn(SO3F)5						[12]
Fe(SO3F)3	氟磺酸铁	灰绿色	230	S2O5F2 SO3 FeF3		[13]
CoO(SO3F)	氟磺酸氧铬	巧克力色				[6]
Ni(SO3F)2	氟磺酸镍					[6]
Ni(py)4(SO3F)2 py=吡啶						[14]
NiO(SO3F)	氟磺酸氧镍	深灰色				[6]
Cu(SO3F)2	氟磺酸铜	浅黄或白	210	S2O5F2 SO3 CuSO4 CuF2		[13]
Cu(py)4(SO3F)2 py=pyridine						[14]
Cu(SO3F).CH3CN						[8]
Zn(SO3F)2	氟磺酸锌	白色	280	SO3 ZnF2		[13]
Zn(py)4(SO3F)2 py=pyridine						[14]
Ga(SO3F)3	氟磺酸镓	白色	240	SO3	聚合物	[15][16]
As(SO3F)3	氟磺酸砷			S2O5F2		[4]
AsF2(SO3F)3						[6]
AsF3(SO3F)2						[6]
BrSO3F	氟磺酸溴	红色液体				[2]
RbSO3F	氟磺酸铷				正交晶系 Pnma a=8.7812 b=6.0318 c=7.5108 V=397.82 Z=4 密度 3.081	[1]
Sr(SO3F)2	氟磺酸锶			SO2F2		[6]
MoO2(SO3F)2						[17]
Nb(SO3F)5	氟磺酸铌	无色溶液	25	SO3		[18]
NbO(SO3F)3	氟磺酸氧铌	黄色液体				[17]
Ru(SO3F)3	氟磺酸钌	非常深的红				[19]
CsRu(SO3F)4		深棕色				[19]
ClO2Ru(SO3F)4		黑色				[19]
CsRu(SO3F)5		红棕色				[19]
Cs2Ru(SO3F)6		亮橙色				[19]
K2Ru(SO3F)6		亮橙色				[19]
Rh(SO3F)3	氟磺酸铑	亮橙色	190			[20]
Pd(SO3F)2	氟磺酸钯(II)	紫色	250	SO3 PdF2		[21]
Pd(SO3F)3	氟磺酸钯(III)	深棕色	180			[21]
Pd(CO)2(SO3F)2		黄色				[22]
c-Pd2(μ-CO)2](SO3F)2		橙色			单斜晶系 C2/c a=11.495 b=8.255 c=9.556 β =91.94 Z=8	[23]
AgSO3F	氟磺酸银(I)				P21/m a=5.413 b=8.174 c=7.544 β=94.60 V=83.17 Z=4	[1]
Ag(SO3F)2	氟磺酸银(II)	深棕色	室温 >120时反应迅速	Ag3(SO3F)4 SO3F^•	单斜晶系 a=10.5130 Å, b= 7.7524 Å, c = 8.9366 Å, β = 117.867° V =643.88 Å^3, Z = 4 密度 3.15 gcm^−3	[24]
Ag2O(SO3F)2		黑色				[6]
Ag^I2Ag^II(SO3F)4	氟磺酸银(I,II)	黑色				[24]
KAg^I2Ag^II(SO3F)5					正交晶系 P 2221, a = 6.4736 b = 7.3915 c = 17.7736	[25]
RbAg^I2Ag^II(SO3F)5					正交晶系 P 2221, a = 6.4828 b = 7.3551c = 18.0262	[25]
RbAg(SO3F)3					单斜晶系 P 21/m , a = 15.815 b = 15.486 c = 17.021 β = 101.513	[25]
CsAg(SO3F)3					三斜晶系 P1_ , a = 14.9241 b = 9.7046 c = 17.8465 α = 109.116°, β = 84.655° γ = 119.171°	[25]
Cd(SO3F)2	氟磺酸镉					[6]
In(SO3F)3	氟磺酸铟				聚合物	[26]
Sn(SO3F)4				S2O5F2		[4]
SbF4SO3F						[6]
Sb(SO3F)2.2CH3CN						[8]
Cs[Sb(SO3F)6]	六(氟磺酸根)合锑(V)酸铯				三方晶系 R3̄ a = 12.0317 Å, c = 12.026 Å, Z = 3	[27]
TeF5SO3F						[6]
ISO3F	氟磺酸碘					[28]
ICl2SO3F						[28]
IBr2SO3F		锈棕色	90	ISO3F, Br2		[28]
IO2SO3F	氟磺酸碘酰	黄色	100			[29]
IF3(SO3F)2	二(氟磺酸根)三氟化碘					[4]
FXe(SO3F)						[6]
Xe(SO3F)2	氟磺酸氙(II)					[2]
F5Xe(SO3F)	氟磺酸五氟化氙					[6]
CsSO3F	氟磺酸铯				l41/a a=5.611 b=5.611 c=14.13 V=111.3 Z=4	[1]
Cs[H(SO3F)2]	氟磺酸氢铯					[27]
Ba(SO3F)2	氟磺酸钡			BaSO4 SO2F2		[6]
Ho(SO3F)3	氟磺酸钬					[30]
Ta(SO3F)5	氟磺酸钽	无色溶液				[18]
TaO(SO3F)3	氟磺酸氧钽	黄色液体				[17]
WO(SO3F)4	四(氟磺酸根)氧钨	无色液体				[17][31]
ReO2(SO3F)3	三(氟磺酸根)二氧铼	白色固体				[17]
ReO3(SO3F)	氟磺酸三氧铼	黄色液体				[17]
Re(CO)5(SO3F)						[12]
Os(SO3F)3		亮绿色	130			[20]
Ir(SO3F)3	氟磺酸铱(III)					[32]
Ir(SO3F)4	氟磺酸铱(IV)					[33]
Cs2Ir(SO3F)6						[33]
BaIr(SO3F)6						[33]
(ClO2)2Ir(SO3F)6						[33]
mer-Ir(CO)3(SO3F)3		无色			单斜晶系 P21/c, Z = 4, a = 8.476 b = 12.868 c = 12.588 β = 108.24°, V = 1304.0	[32]
Pt(SO3F)4	氟磺酸铂					[22]
Cs2[Pt(SO3F)6]	六(氟磺酸根)合铂(IV)酸铯					[27]
Pt(CO)2(SO3F)2		奶油色				[22]
Au^ICO(SO3F)						[22]
Au^II(SO3F)2	氟磺酸金(II)	黄红色				[34]
Au^III(SO3F)3	氟磺酸金(III)					[22]
Cs[Au(SO3F)4]	四(氟磺酸根)合金(III)酸铯				单斜晶系 C2/c a = 17.725 Å, b = 5.822 Å, c = 14.624 Å, β = 102.120°, Z = 4	[27]
Hg(SO3F)2	氟磺酸汞				密度 3.715	[13]
TlSO3F	氟磺酸铊(I)				正交晶系 a=5.2205 b=5.5141 c=13.4378 V=386.83 Z=4 密度 5.210	[1]
TlO(SO3F)	氟磺酸氧铊(III)	棕色				[6]
Tl(SO3F)3	氟磺酸铊(III)					[26]
Pb(SO3F)4	氟磺酸铅(IV)					[18][35]
Bi(SO3F)3						[18][36]
Th(SO3F)4	氟磺酸钍					[18]
U(SO3F)2	氟磺酸铀(II)	黄色				[17]
U(SO3F)3	氟磺酸铀(III)	绿色				[17]
U(SO3F)4	氟磺酸铀(IV)	肉色				[18][37]
Na2U(SO3F)6						[17]
UO(SO3F)2	氟磺酸铀(IV)酰					[37]
UO2(SO3F)2	氟磺酸铀(VI)酰					[37]

参考资料

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