所谓“再述语气”(Renarrative mood)是包括土耳其语在内的巴尔干语言的另一个共同特征。它用于不是基于直接观察或常识的陈述,而是重复其他人所说的内容。例如,马其顿语Патот бил затворен意为“道路已经关闭(只是我听说)”。使用陈述语气并声明“Патот беше затворен”的说话者则暗示他们亲眼目睹了道路的封闭。
在迪摩希腊语(白话)中,不定式完全消失,而在文学希腊语(“纯正希腊语”,1976年废除)中则不然;白话与文学希腊语的自然融合导致了现代标准希腊语的产生,其中不定式主要用作名词(如λέγειν“说话,流利,口才”、γράφειν“文章”、είναι“存在”等)直接源自古希腊语不定式。但当不定式用作动词时,则完全被虚拟式替换。大多数情况下,虚拟形式用作名词时也会替换不定式(例如το να πας / το να πάει κανείς“去、去的动作”、το να δεις / βλέπεις“看到/被看到,看到的行为”而不是不定式“βλέπειν“,等等。)
许多形式的罗姆语都添加了结尾-a表达指示性现在时,同时保留简化虚拟式作为不定式:例如mangava te pišinav。巴尔干半岛外部分方言受到非巴尔干语言的影响,并通过类推限定式发展出新的不定式(例如斯洛伐克罗姆语可能将“我想写”表达为kamav te irinel/pisinel—广义的第三人称单数—或kamav te irinen/pisinen—广义第三人称复数)。
^Fielder, Grace E. The Origin of Evidentiality in the Balkans: Linguistic Convergence or Conceptual Convergence?. Mediterranean Language Review. 1999, 11.
^Victor Friedman. The Typology of Balkan Evidentiality and Areal Linguistics. Mišeska Tomić, Olga (编). Balkan Syntax and Semantics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 2004.
^Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (2018) "Evidentiality and language contact" in Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., (ed.) Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality. Oxford Handbooks in Linguistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
^Kopitar, Jernej K. Albanische, walachische und bulgarische Sprache. Jahrbücher der Literatur (Wien). 1829, 46. ISBN 3-89131-038-2.
^August Schleicher, Linguistische Untersuchungen, vol. 2: Die Sprachen Europas in systematischer Übersicht. Bonn: H.B. König, 1850.
^Miklosich, F. Die slavischen Elemente im Rumunischen. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Classe. 1861, 12.
^K. Sandfeld, Balkanfilologien: En oversigt over dens resultater og problemer. Copenhagen: Lunp, 1926; translated into French as Linguistique balkanique: problèmes et résultats. Paris: Champion, 1930.
^Weigand, Gustav. Vorwort, zugleich Programm des Balkan-Archivs. Balkan-Archiv. 1925, 1.:V–XV; Gustav Weigand, “Texte zur vergleichenden Syuntax der Balkansprachen”, Balkan Archiv IV (1928).
^Chase Faucheux, Language Classification and Manipulation in Romania and Moldova, M.A. thesis, Louisiana State University, 2006, quoting André Du Nay, The Origins of the Rumanians: The Early History of the Rumanian Language, 1996.
^Lindstedt, J. Linguistic Balkanization: Contact-induced change by mutual reinforcement. D.G. Gilbers; et al (编). Languages in Contact. Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, 28. Amsterdam; Atlanta, GA: Rodopi. 2000 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 90-420-1322-2. (原始内容存档于2021-08-25).
^Theodor Capidan, Raporturile lingvistice slavo-române. I. Influența română asupra limbei bulgare, Dacoromania. Buletinul „Muzeului Limbei Române”, III, Editura Institutului de Arte Grafice „Ardealul”, Cluj-Napoca, 1922-1923
^希腊语中常是中被动态,且不只适用于水果,还有其他的自然产品:Babiniotis, Λεξικό της νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας (1998), gives the example "φέτος ψήθηκαν νωρίς τα καλαμπόκια".
^История на българите с поправки и добавки от самия автор - акад. Константин Иречек (Издателство Наука и изкуство, 1978) под редакцията на проф. Петър Хр. Петров, стр. 459; Виж бел. 2 под линия: Български език. Гръцки чужди думи, вж. Cesty po Bulharsku passim. За сполай-ти= ’s πολλὰ ἔτη. Даничич-Leskien, Jagić, Archiv, 4, стр. 513. Руссиадес, 2, стр. 281. — Е. В. Петухов, Болгарские литературные деятели древнейшей эпохи на русской почве, ЖМНПр, 1893 апрель, стр. 298—322. Климент, Йоан Екзарх, Константин — пълна библиография и ръкописите. — V. Oblak, Zur Würdigung des Altslovenischen, Archiv für slav. Philologie, XV, стр. 367: „das Altslovenische war nicht die Sprache der Slaven Pannoniens, sondern die dialektischen und ethnographischen Verhältnisse waren damals ungefahr wie heutzutage, nur reichte der Kaj-Dialect weiter nach West und Nord”. стр. 369 über крьсть und крижь. Sprache der Tessalonicher Apostol, Sprache ihrer Heimat und Umgebung. Die ersten kirchenslavischen Übersetzungen wohl nicht pannonisch: daför zu wenig pannonisch und zu sehr griechisch.
^Според утвърденото мнение бълг. сполай (ти) е възникнало като резултат от декомпозицията на крайната сричка в средногръцкото (eis polla šti), словосъчетание, използувано във византийския императорски двор като формула за вежливост. Виж Сборник в чест на академик Владимир Георгиев: езиковедски проучвания. Сътрудници: Владимир Иванов Георгиев, Кристалина Чолакова, Институт за български език. Изд-во на Българската академия на науките, 1980 г. стр. 173.
^Сполај ти! православие.мк, https://pravoslavie.mk/spolaj-ti/ (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) "Еден израз во нашиот јазик којшто денес го слушаме сѐ поретко, за разлика од порано, а во иднина веројатно целосно ќе се исфрли од употреба и ќе можеме да го слушнеме само во Македонските народни приказни, е токму: „сполај ти“! Иако многу ретко се користи, сите отприлика знаеме што значи – „благодарам“, „фала“ ".
^Winford, Donald. An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Blackwell Publishing. 2003. ISBN 0-631-21251-5.
André Du Nay, The Origins of the Rumanians: The Early History of the Rumanian Language, 2nd edn. Toronto–Buffalo, NY: Matthias Corvinus, 1996 (1st edn., 1977).:85–87, 88-97, 190* Victor A. Friedman, "After 170 years of Balkan Linguistics: Whither the Millennium?", Mediterranean Language Review12, 2000.:1-15PDF—an excellent survey article* Victor A. Friedman, “Balkans as a Linguistic Area”, Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World, eds. Keith Brown & Sarah Ogilvie (Elsevier, 2009).:119-134* Joseph, Brian D. Romanian and the Balkans: Some Comparative Perspectives(PDF). 1999 [2021-08-25]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2012-02-20).
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Ion Russu, Limba Traco-Dacilor [The Language of the Thraco-Dacians]. Bucharest: Editura Științifică, 1967.
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Olga Mišeska Tomić. Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic Features. Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 67. Dordrecht: Springer. 2006. ISBN 978-1-4020-4487-8. doi:10.1007/1-4020-4488-7.
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Jack Feuillet. “Aire linguistique balkanique”, Language Typology and Language Universals: An International Handbook, vol. 2, eds. Martin Haspelmath, Ekkehard König, Wulf Oesterreicher, & Wolfgang Raible. NY: Walter de Gruyter, 2001.:1510–1528* Victor A. Friedman. “Balkans as a Linguistic Area”, Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd edn., ed. Keith Brown. Oxford: Elsevier, 2005.:657–672* Brian D. Joseph. “Balkan Languages”, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 4 vols., ed. William Bright. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, 1.:153–155* Brian D. Joseph. “Language Contact in the Balkans”, The Handbook of Language Contact, ed. Raymond Hickey. Malden, MA–Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.:618–633* Olga Mišeska Tomić. “Balkan Sprachbund features”, The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide, eds. Bernd Kortmann & Johan van der Auwera. Berlin–Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2011.:307–324; 概况
Helmut Wilhelm Schaller. Die Balkansprachen: Eine Einführung in die Balkanphilologie. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, 1975.
Harald Haarmann. Balkanlinguistik. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1978.
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Klaus Steinke & Ariton Vraciu. Introducere în lingvistica balcanică [An Introduction to Balkan Linguistics]. Iași: Editura Universității “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, 1999.
Uwe Hinrichs, ed. Handbuch der Südosteuropa-Linguistik. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1999.
Petja Asenova. Balkansko ezikoznanie: Osnovni problemi na balkanskija ezikov sŭjuz. Veliko Tărnovo: Faber, 2002.
Victor Friedman. “Balkan Slavic dialectology and Balkan linguistics: Periphery as center”, American contributions to the 14th International Congress of Slavists, Ohrid, September 2008, ed. Christina Yurkiw Bethin & David M. Bethea. Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2008.:131–148* Victor Friedman. “The Balkan languages and Balkan linguistics”, Annual Review of Anthropology 40 (2011).:275–291; 历史
Petja Asenova. “Aperçu historique des études dans le domaine de la linguistique balkanique”, Balkansko ezikoznanie 22, no. 1 (1979).:5–45* Brian D. Joseph. “On the Need for History in Balkan Linguistics”, Kenneth E. Naylor Memorial Lecture Series, vol. 10. Ann Arbor, MI: Beech Stave, 2008.
巴尔干主义
Howard I. Aronson. “Towards a Typology of the Balkan Future”, Indiana Slavic Studies 7 (1994).:9–18* Howard I. Aronson. The Balkan Linguistic League, “Orientalism”, and Linguistic Typology. Ann Arbor, MI–NY: Beech Stave, 2006.
Bridget Drinka. “The Balkan Perfects: Grammaticalizion and Contact”, Language Contact in Europe: The Periphrastic Perfect through History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.:267–287* Victor A. Friedman. “The Typology of Balkan Evidentiality and Areal Linguistics”, Balkan Syntax and Semantics, ed. Olga Mišeska Tomić. Amsterdam–Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2004.:101–135* Brian D. Joseph. The Synchrony and Diachrony of the Balkan Infinitive: A Study in Areal, General, and Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 (reprint 2009).
Dalina Kallulli & Liliane Tasmowski, eds. Clitic Doubling in the Balkan Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2008.
Christina E. Kramer. “The Grammaticalization of the Future Tense Auxiliary in the Balkan Languages”, Indiana Slavic Studies 7 (1994).:127–135* Christina E. Kramer. “Negation and the Grammaticalization of Have and Want Futures in Bulgarian and Macedonian”, Canadian Slavonic Papers/Revue Canadienne des Slavistes 39, no. 3–4 (1997).:407–416* Maria-Luisa Rivero & Angela Ralli, eds. Comparative Syntax of the Balkan Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Zuzanna Topolińska. “The Balkan Sprachbund from a Slavic perspective”, Zbornik Matice srpske za filologiju i lingvistiku 53, no. 1 (2010).:33–60