原始主义

《在热带森林作战的老虎和水牛》（In a Tropical Forest Combat of a Tiger and a Buffalo），亨利·卢梭，1908–1909，埃尔米塔日博物馆

原始主義是一種崇尚“原始”體驗的西方美學思潮。它提倡在現代藝術中引入原始（非西方的、史前的）事物，如高更繪製的大量塔希提主題作品[1]。它本質上是一種烏托邦思想，認為天然的才是最好的[2]。雖然在藝術上產生了不少碩果，原始主義也因固化外國“野蠻人”的形象、美化殖民統治而遭受批評[3]。一些素人藝術和民間藝術作品，如亨利·卢梭、哈伊尔·拉里奥诺夫和保罗·克利等人的作品也被劃入原始主義的範疇。

參考文獻

  1. ^ Artspoke, Robert Atkins, 1993, ISBN 978-1-55859-388-6
  2. ^ A. O. Lovejoy and George Boas, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1935).
  3. ^ See especially Marianna Torgovnick. Gone primitive: Savage intellects, Modern lives (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
  • Antliff, Mark and Patricia Leighten, "Primitive" in Critical Terms for Art History, R. Nelson and R. Shiff (Eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996 (rev. ed. 2003).
  • Blunt, Anthony & Pool, Phoebe. Picasso, the Formative Years: A Study of His Sources. Graphic Society, 1962.
  • Connelly, S. Frances. The Sleep of Reason: Primitivism in Modern European Art and Aesthetics, 1725-1907. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.
  • del Valle, Alejandro. Primitivism in the Art of Ana Mendieta. Tesis doctoral. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. 2015 [8 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-06）. 
  • Cooper, Douglas The Cubist Epoch, Phaidon in association with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art & the Metropolitan Museum of Art, London, 1970, ISBN 0-87587-041-4
  • Diamond, Stanley. In Search of the Primitive: A Critique of Civilization. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1974.
  • Etherington, Ben. Literary Primitivism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2018.
  • Flam, Jack and Miriam Deutch, eds. Primitivism and Twentieth Century Art Documentary History. University of California Press, 2003.
  • Goldwater, Robert. Primitivisim in Modern Art. Belnap Press. 2002.
  • Lovejoy, A. O. and George Boas. Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1935 (With supplementary essays by W. F. Albright and P. E. Dumont, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins U. Press. 1997).
  • Redfield, Robert. "Art and Icon" in Anthropology and Art, C. Otten (Ed.). New York: Natural History Press, 1971.
  • Rhodes, Colin. Primitivism and Modern Art. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.
  • Solomon-Godeau, Abigail. "Going Native: Paul Gauguin and the Invention of Primitivist Modernism" in The Expanded Discourse: Feminism and Art History, N. Broude and M. Garrard (Eds.). New York: Harper Collins, 1986.

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