Julián Carrillo（英语：Julián Carrillo）設計了一種準確、靈活的新方法。C音以0表示，在一個八度音階裡，以連續的數目來表示音。例如半音音階可以0~11來表示，四分之一音的音階可以0~23表示。Joseph Yasser在他的著作《發展調性的理論》（A Theory of Evolving Tonality）中，反對以機械化的方式分割音，提倡在音樂演進的過程中擴展音階。他認為音樂的發展是從五聲音階到七聲音階，再從七聲音階到十二聲音階。根據這個發展過程，下一階段應該是十九聲音階，其中原先的十二音是正音，新的七個音是副音（相當於七音階的半音）。
Harry Partch則在《音樂的起源》（Genesis of a Music）詳細研究調律系統和音階，並以此提出43音階。
除此之外，還有演奏方面的問題。雖然聲樂、弦樂可以奏出微分音，但不易正確奏出。或者需要兩架鋼琴，調音相差四分之一音，再各自演奏分配開來的譜。還有專為微分音設計的特殊樂器，如Ervin M. Wilson的31音鍵盤。微分音的演奏工具，主要還是電子樂器。
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