采用类似的方法,一项对43个国家253个中心的1,409名接受紧急剖腹手术的儿童进行的独特全球研究表明,低人类发展指数和中等人类发展指数国家的手术后儿童的死亡率可能是高人类发展指数国家的7倍,这意味着在这些环境中每进行1000次手术就会有40人超额死亡。国际上最常见的手术是阑尾切除术、小肠切除术、幽门肌切开术和肠套叠矫正术。在根据患者和医院风险因素进行调整后,低人类发展指数国家(调整后OR 7.14(95% CI 2.52至20.23),p<0.001)和中等人类发展指数国家(4.42(1.44至13.56),p=0.009)的30天儿童死亡率于高人类发展指数国家相比明显更高。[13]
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