^ 1.01.11.2Bois, Marcel. A Transnational Friendship in the Age of Extremes: Leon Trotsky and the Pfemferts. Twentieth Century Communism. 2016, 10 (10): 9–29. doi:10.3898/175864316818855185.
^Testimony of David Dallin, read before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and other Internal Security Laws, of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, December 28, 1955, in Testimony of Alexander Orlov before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and other Internal Security Laws, of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, December 28, 1955, US Government Printing Office, 1962, p. 15
^Barmine, Alexander, One Who Survived, New York: G.P. Putnam (1945), pp. 17, 22: Barmine pointed out that the Soviet NKVD had a long history of using White Russians who longed to return to visit their homeland. The NKVD had formed an association in Paris designed to recruit these persons, titled The Friends of the Soviet Fatherland. Typically, in order to gain an entry visa, the White émigré would first be asked to perform an 'act of loyalty' to the Soviet Union, usually a betrayal of another emigre. The method was used to 'set up' many Soviet fugitives for kidnapping or assassination by Stalin's secret police.
^Sudoplatov, Pavel. Special Tasks, Little, Brown and Company, 1994. ISBN0-316-82115-2
^"Testimony of Mark Zborowski, Accompanied by Herman A. Greenberg, Esq., his Attorney", Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States, Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee On the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-Fourth Congress, Second Session, February 29, 1956, Part 4. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1956,page 92. (Available online)
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