人民公敵

人民公敵是統治集團對其反對派的稱呼,这些人一旦被认定为敌人,就可能遭到統治集團的镇压[1]

20世纪,苏联當局通常將反对派扣上人民公敵這頂帽子,例如约瑟夫·斯大林統治期間,他就將列夫·托洛茨基打成人民公敵。[2][3]唐納·川普也認為反對他的人是人民公敵。 [4][5]

十月革命后,费利克斯·捷尔任斯基在一次演讲中提到了人民公敵,有些人認為這是首次有人將反對派打成人民公敵。彼得格勒军事革命委员会隨後公布了人民敌人名单。 [6] 在社會主義國家,反對派又會扣上阶级敌人這一帽子,而這一名字與階級鬥爭有關。

参考文献

  1. ^ "Enemies of the people", A Dictionary of 20th-century Communism (2010) Silvio Pons and Robert Service, Eds. pp. 307–308.
  2. ^ Remnick, David. Trump and the Enemies of the People. The New Yorker. 1 August 2018 [22 August 2019]. ISSN 0028-792X (英语). 
  3. ^ Remnick, David. Trotsky in Afterlife. The Washington Post. August 20, 1990. For decades, Soviet reference books referred to him only as an anti-Soviet plotter and "enemy of the people" – if they referred to him at all. Stalin's historians air-brushed Trotsky from every official photograph. 
  4. ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma. 'Enemy of the people': Trump's phrase and its echoes of totalitarianism. The Guardian. 3 August 2018 [22 August 2019]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  5. ^ Opinion: Calling the Press the Enemy of the People Is a Menacing Move. [22 August 2019] (英语). 
  6. ^ The black book of communism : crimes, terror, repression. Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1999. ISBN 0-674-07608-7. OCLC 41256361. 

 

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