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Bagley, Bruce Michael. Middle Class. Hanratty, Dennis M.; Meditz, Sandra W. (编). Colombia: A Country Study(PDF) 4th. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1990: 87–90 [21 October 2017]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于18 February 2017).
Lamont, Michèle. Money, Morals, and Manners: The Culture of the French and the American Upper-Middle Class. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0-226-92259-1.