↑Takashi Inoguchi (2012). "1945: Post-Second World War Japan". ใน Benjamin Isakhan; Stephen Stockwell (บ.ก.). The Edinburgh Companion to the History of Democracy. Edinburgh University Press. p. 308. ISBN978-0-7486-4075-1. The Democratic Party of Japan is a centre-left party, but it contains a sizeable union-based left wing and some members close to the extreme right.
↑Miranda Schreurs (2014). "Japan". ใน Jeffrey Kopstein; Mark Lichbach; Stephen E. Hanson (บ.ก.). Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order. Cambridge University Press. p. 192. ISBN978-1-139-99138-4.
↑Franičević, Vojmir; Kimura, Hiroshi (2003). Globalization, democratization and development: European and Japanese views of change in South East Europe. ISBN953-157-439-1. Towards the end of the 1990s the social-liberal Minshuto (Democratic Party of Japan, DPJ) consolidated and replaced Shinshinto as a rival of LDP.