സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്‌ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം

ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Economics

സ്റ്റോക്ഹോമിൽവച്ച് 2008ലെ സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽസമ്മാന വിജയിയെ പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുന്നു. വിജയി പോൾ ക്രുഗ്‌മാൻ

സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം
അവാർഡ്	സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രരംഗത്തെ മികച്ച സംഭാവനകൾ
തിയതി	ഡിസംബർ 10, 1969 (1969-12-10)
സ്ഥലം	സ്റ്റോക്ക്‌ഹോം, സ്വീഡൻ
നൽകുന്നത്	റോയൽ സ്വീഡിഷ് അക്കാദമി ഓഫ് സയൻസസ്
പ്രതിഫലം	10 മില്ല്യൺ SEK (US$1.4 മില്ല്യൺ)
ആദ്യം നൽകിയത്	1969
അവസാനമായി നൽകിയത്	2015
ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ്സൈറ്റ്	nobelprize.org

ആൽഫ്രഡ് നോബലിന്റെ സ്മരണാർത്ഥം ധനതത്ത്വശാസ്ത്രരംഗത്തെ മികച്ച സേവനങ്ങൾക്ക് നല്കുന്ന പുരസ്കാരമാണ് "ആൽഫ്രഡ് നോബലിന്റെ സ്മരണാർത്ഥം സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള സ്വെറിഗ്സ് റിക്സ്ബാങ്ക് സമ്മാനം" എന്ന ഔദ്യോഗികനാമത്തിലറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽസമ്മാനം[1]. (ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്:The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, സ്വീഡിഷ്: Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne) 1969 മുതൽ വർഷംതോറും റോയൽ സ്വീഡിഷ് അക്കാദമി ധനതത്ത്വശാസ്ത്രരംഗത്തെ ഗവേഷകർക്ക് ഈ പുരസ്കാരം നല്കിവരുന്നു.

1969ൽ ആദ്യത്തെ ധനതത്ത്വശാസ്ത്ര നോബൽസമ്മാനത്തിന് അർഹരായത് റെയ്ഗ്നർ ഫ്രിഷ്, ജാൻ ടിൻബെർഗൻ എന്നിവരാണ്[2]. പുരസ്കാരം നേടുന്ന ഓരോരുത്തർക്കും മെഡലും ബഹുമതിപത്രവും പണവും സമ്മാനമായി നല്കുന്നു. വാസ്തവത്തിൽ ആൽ‌ഫ്രഡ് നോബൽ ഏർപ്പെടുത്തിയ അഞ്ചു നോബൽ സമ്മാനങ്ങളിൽ ഉൾപ്പെട്ടതായിരുന്നില്ല സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽസമ്മാനം. ഇങ്ങനെയൊരു സമ്മാനത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് അദ്ദേഹം തന്റെ വിൽപത്രത്തിൽ പറഞ്ഞിട്ടില്ലായിരുന്നു. 1968-ൽ സ്വീഡിഷ്‌ ബാങ്കായ സ്വെറിഗ്‌സ്‌ റിക്സ്ബാങ്ക്‌, അവരുടെ 300ാം വാർഷികത്തിൽ നോബലിനോടുള്ള ആദരസൂചകമായി നോബലിന്റെ പേരിൽ സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്‌ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം കൂടി ചേർത്തു. സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്‌ത്രത്തിലെ നോബൽ സമ്മാനജേതാവിനെ തെരഞ്ഞെടുക്കാനുള്ള ഉത്തരവാദിത്തം കൂടി റോയൽ സ്വീഡിഷ്‌ അക്കാദമി ഓഫ്‌ സയൻസിൽ നിക്ഷിപ്‌തമാണ്‌. നോബലിന്റെ മരണവാർഷികദിനമായ ഡിസംബർ 10-ന് സ്റ്റോക്ക്‌ഹോമിൽ വച്ചാണ് ഈ അവാർഡ് നൽകുന്നത്.

അവാർഡ് ജേതാക്കൾ

സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം നേടിയവരുടെ പട്ടിക.

Year		Laureate	Country	Rationale
1969		റാഗ്‌നർ ഫ്രിസ്ച്	Norway	"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes"[3]
		യാൻ ടിൻബർജെൻ	നെതർലന്റ്സ്
1970		പോൾ സാമുവൽസൺ	United States	"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"[4]
1971		സൈമൺ കുസ്നെറ്റ്സ്	United States	"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"[5]
1972		ജോൺ ഹിക്സ്	United Kingdom	"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory."[6]
		കെന്നത്ത് ആരോ	United States
1973		വാസ്സിലി ലിയോൺടിഫ്	Soviet Union  United States	"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"[7]
1974		ഗുണ്ണർ മിർദാൽ	Sweden	"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."[8]
		Friedrich Hayek	Austria  United Kingdom
1975		Leonid Kantorovich	Soviet Union	"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[9]
		Tjalling Koopmans	Netherlands  United States
1976		Milton Friedman	United States	"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilisation policy"[10]
1977		Bertil Ohlin	Sweden	"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements"[11]
		James Meade	United Kingdom
1978		Herbert A. Simon	United States	"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"[12]
1979		Theodore Schultz	United States	"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."[13]
		Arthur Lewis	Saint Lucia  United Kingdom
1980		Lawrence Klein	United States	"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"[14]
1981		James Tobin	United States	"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"[15]
1982		George Stigler	United States	"for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"[16]
1983		Gérard Debreu	France	"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"[17]
1984		Richard Stone	United Kingdom	"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"[18]
1985		Franco Modigliani	Italy	"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[19]
1986		James M. Buchanan	United States	"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"[20]
1987		Robert Solow	United States	"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"[21]
1988		Maurice Allais	France	"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"[22]
1989		Trygve Haavelmo	Norway	"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"[23]
1990		Harry Markowitz	United States	"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"[24]
		Merton Miller
		William F. Sharpe
1991		Ronald Coase	United Kingdom	"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"[25]
1992		Gary Becker	United States	"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including non-market behaviour"[26]
1993		Robert Fogel	United States	"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"[27]
		Douglass North
1994		John Harsanyi	United States	"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games."[28]
		John Forbes Nash
		Reinhard Selten	Germany
1995		Robert Lucas, Jr.	United States	"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"[29]
1996		James Mirrlees	United Kingdom	"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"[30]
		William Vickrey	Canada  United States
1997		Robert C. Merton	United States	"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives."[31]
		Myron Scholes	Canada  United States
1998		Amartya Sen	India	"for his contributions to welfare economics"[32]
1999		Robert Mundell	Canada	"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"[33]
2000		James Heckman	United States	"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"[34]
		Daniel McFadden	United States	"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"[34]
2001		George Akerlof	United States	"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"[35]
		Michael Spence
		Joseph E. Stiglitz
2002		Daniel Kahneman	Israel  United States	"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"[36]
		Vernon L. Smith	United States	"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"[36]
2003		Robert F. Engle	United States	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"[37]
		Clive Granger	United Kingdom	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"[37]
2004		Finn E. Kydland	Norway	"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles."[38]
		Edward C. Prescott	United States
2005		Robert J. Aumann	United States  Israel	"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis."[39]
		Thomas C. Schelling	United States
2006		Edmund S. Phelps	United States	"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy"[40]
2007		Leonid Hurwicz	Poland  United States	"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"[41]
		Eric S. Maskin	United States
		Roger B. Myerson
2008		Paul Krugman	United States	"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"[42]
2009		Elinor Ostrom	United States	"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[43]
		Oliver E. Williamson		"for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"[43]
2010		Peter A. Diamond	United States	"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"[44]
		Dale T. Mortensen
		Christopher A. Pissarides	Cyprus
2011		Thomas J. Sargent	United States	"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"[45]
		Christopher A. Sims
2012		Alvin E. Roth	United States	"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."[46]
		Lloyd S. Shapley
2013		Eugene F. Fama	United States	"for their empirical analysis of asset prices."[47]
		Lars Peter Hansen
		Robert J. Shiller
2014		Jean Tirole	France	"for his analysis of market power and regulation".[48]
2015		Angus Deaton	United Kingdom  United States	"for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare".[49]
2016		ഒലിവർ ഹാർട്	United States	കരാർ സിദ്ധാന്തിന് നല്കിയ സംഭാവനകൾക്ക്[50]
		ബെങ്റ്റ് ഹോംസ്‌ട്രോം	ഫിൻലാന്റ്

അവലംബം

1. "ആൽഫ്രഡ് നോബലിന്റെ സ്മരണാർത്ഥം സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള സ്വെറിഗ്സ് റിക്സ്ബാങ്ക് സമ്മാനം 1969-2007".
2. "നോബൽ പ്രൈസ് ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ്ബ്‌സൈറ്റ്".
3. "സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽസമ്മാനം 1969". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
4. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1970". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
5. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1971". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
6. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1972". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
7. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1973". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
8. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
9. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
10. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
11. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1977". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
12. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
13. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1979". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
14. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1980". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
15. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1981". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
16. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1982". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
17. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1983". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
18. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1984". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
19. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1985". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
20. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1986". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
21. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1987". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
22. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1988". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
23. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1989". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
24. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1990". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
25. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
26. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
27. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
28. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1994". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
29. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
30. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
31. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1997". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
32. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1998". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
33. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1999". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
34. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2000". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
35. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
36. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
37. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2003". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
38. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
39. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2005". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
40. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2006". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
41. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
42. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2008". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
43. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
44. "The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
45. "The Prize in Economic Sciences 2011". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
46. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2012". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
47. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2013". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
48. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2014". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
49. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2015". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-10-12.
50. "സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽസമ്മാനം 2016".