Piktek

Piktek
Kewsys yn: Alban bys dhe 1,100 O.K.
Klasyans genynnek: Eyndo-Europek
Radnyethow
Savla Sodhogel:
System skrifa nebes ensamplow a skrif ogam
Kodednow
ISO 639-3 xpi
Rol Linguist xpi
Glottolog pict 1238


Piktek yew an tavas marow kowsys gen an Biktyon, tus en Sgotlond est ha north a-dhia an Oos Horn dhe'n Kresosow A-varr. Tanow ew an dustuni skrifys rag an tavas marnas nebes henwyn telleryow ha personel war veyn kov ha rekordow kevos. An dustuni a lever dell ew tavas Geltek haval ort an tavas Brythonek kowsys en remenat Breten Veur kens an goryskydnans anglo-saksonek.

Nebes akademogyon a gryjis nag o Piktek tavas Eyndo-Europek rag termyn hir, bes golok minoryta ew hedna lebmyn.

A-dhia reyn Domnall mac Causantín (Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim en Albanek arnowydh) tredh 889 ha 900 KK, e feu process a Albanekkhe dres an 200 bledhen nessa. Gelwys veu an tiredh avel meterneth Alba en le meterneth an Biktyon. Gwirhaval ew bos an tavas marow erbydn 1100KK. Ema tus ow tybi dell wrug Piktek delenwel Albanek, dre jevisya geryow ha syntaks, drefen bos Albanek moy hevelep ort an tavosow Brythonek ages Wordhonek.

Gwedhen deylu yethow keltek
Telleryow an meternethow piktek (lytherednow bras) ha meternethow Brythonek erel (lytherednow bian)

Doronieth

Henwys ew seyth meterneth piktek yen tekstow koth. An re ma ew

  • (1) Cait en Caithness ha Sutherland arnowydh,
  • (2) Ce, en Moray ha Buchan arnowydh,
  • (3) Circin, en Angus arnowydh,
  • (4) Fib, Fife hedhyw e'n jydh,
  • (5) Fidach, ogas dhe Inverness,
  • (6) Fotla, Atholl (Ath-Fotla) e'n eur ma,
  • (7) ha Fortriu, en tiredh Moray lebmyn.

Dustuni yethoniethek

An yethor, Guto Rhys, a lever bos a-dro dhe nebes kansow a dharnow kedhlow ow tochya Piktek. An brassa radn anodhans ew henwyn telleryow en tiredhow piktek ha henwyn personel a Biktyon en tekstow Sows-saksonek, Wordhonek hag Albanek. Dustuni aral ew geryow chevisyys (dre vras en Albanek) ha skrifedhow Ogham.

Kevys ew rolyow meternedh an Biktyon e’n dornskrifow Lebor Bretnach ha Kronynyl Piktek.


Telleryow Piktek a hwer en Sgotlond dhe'n north a Dhowr Forth tredh Fife hag Enys Skye, an brassa radn anodhans dhe'n soth a Dornoch Firth. Nebes tanow enjei e'n north pell.

Ema dhe lies trev ha gnasow doroniethel an tiredh hanow Piktek, ow komprehendya:

  • Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire. Ow styrya "aber Dowr Don" (c.f. aber en Kembrek ha Kernowek) koth.
  • Cupar, Fife. Ow styrya "kemper" (c.f. cymer en Kembrek).
  • Keith, Banffshire. Ow styrya "koos" (c.f. coed en Kembrek).
  • Kirkcaldy, Fife. Ow styrya "teller an ger galish" (Kembrek caer ha caled).
  • Perth, Perthshire. Ow styrya "perth" (c.f. ha perth en Kembrek ewedh).
  • Yell, Shetland. Ow styrya "tir boghosek" (c.f. Kembrek iâl).

Nebes elvendnow Piktek a hwer lies gweyth e'n tiredh. Ottobma rol a hwarvosow restrys herwydh an ger Kembrek.

Elven (Kembrek) Styr Kernowek Henwyn telleryow
bryn bre Burnbane, Burnturk, Cameron (Markinch), Cameron (St Andrews), Newburn, Strathburn
caer ker Cardean, Carey, Cargill, Carmurie, Carpow, Carpoway, Crail, Kair, Keir, Kercock, Kirkbuddo, Kirkcaldy
coed koos Catochil, Inchkeith, Keith, Keith Lundie, Keithack, Keithick, Keithmore, Keithny, Keithney, Keithock, Kitattie, Rothket
dôl pras Dalfouper, Dallas, Dallasbraughty, Doll, Dollar, Dull
llannerch lannergh Landrick, Lanrick, Lendrick
mig(n) kenegen Dalmigavie, Meckphen, Meigle, Megen, Megevie, Meggen, Meggernie, Midmar, Midstrath, Migdale, Migger, Migvie, Strathmiglo
pant pans Panbride, Panholes, Panlathy, Panmure, ?Pannanich
pen pedn Pandewen, Pennan, Pinderachy, Pinnel
tref trev Cantray, Cantress, Menstrie, Montrave, Rattray (Blairgowrie), Rattray (Buchan), Tramaud, Trefor, Trefynie, Trostrie, Troustrie

Ema dhe nebes furvow Albanek kenerys le an furvow Piktek, ken thew skrifys an hanow gwreydhek en istorek.

  • Inverbervie, Kincardineshire. Haberberui en 1290, ow tiskwedhes dell wrug aber Piktek chanjya dhe inbhir Albanek bes gen an keth styr.
  • Inverie, Fife. Furv a-varr Auerin (1141), a alsa bos rag *Aberin, h.y an keth chanj dhortaber dhe inbhir.
  • Kindrochit Alian (Braemar), Aberdeenshire. Doldauha kens c.850 KK, gen an elven gensa dôl.
  • Strathtyrum, Fife. Trestirum en 1190, ow kampolla chanj dhort an Piktek tref, "estate", dhe'n Albanek (styr dyffrans) srath.

Skriftow Ogham

Ken thew styryow dres 40 a skriftow ansur hwath, aswonys ew bos niver anodhans a gomprehend furvow Brythonek. An yethor Guto Rhys a gussul kemeres rach drefen bos an gettesten yethoniethek anwodhevys.

Skrift Ogham e'n Broch of Burrian, Enysow Ergh, a veu treuslytherednys avel I[-]IRANNURRACTX EVVCXRROCCS. Mars ew I[-]irann uract cheuc chrocs, hebm a dhiskwedh ger Piktek haval ort Kembrek Koth guract (gwrug), en Kembrek Kres goruc}. Gen styr an pajwora ger avel Piktek *crocs (Kembrek 'croes' dhort an Latin crux) ha'n kensa ger avel hanow personel, an skrift a alja bos lavar Piktek ow tisplegya an den a wrug kervya an grows.

An skriftow en Shetland en Cunningsburgh ha Lunnasting, EHTECONMORS hag [E]TTECUHETTS, ew konvedhys avel lavarow Brythonek ow styrya "hebm ew mar veur" ha "hebm ew mar bell", a-gettep, messachys gwiw rag meyn or.

Treuslytherednys avel IRATADDOARENS, possybyl ew dell gomprehend skrift an Men Brandsbutt furv Piktek haval ort an Bretonek Koth irha-, "ev a worwedh", avel IRA-, en skrift Lomarec en Breten Vyghan.

Delanwes war Albanek

Ema dhe hwithrans ow tochya an tavas Albanek, gen Alexander Macbain en 1896 en arbednik, diskwedhys niver a eryow chevisys dhort Piktek e'n tavas.

Possybyl ew an re a sew:

  • bad. Ow styrya "bonni" (c.f. Bretonek bod)
  • bagaid. Ow styrya "bagas" (c.f. Kembrek bagad)
  • dail. Ow styrya "pras" (c.f. Kembrek dôl)
  • dìleab. Ow styrya "kemynro"
  • monadh. Ow styrya "menedh" (c.f. Kembrek mynydd)
  • mormaer. Term laghyel ow styrya "yurl" (c.f. Kembrek mawr ha maer)
  • pailt. Ow styrya "pals" (c.f. Kembrek Kres pallt)
  • peasg. Ow styrya "goli bian" (c.f. Kembrek pisg)
  • peit. Ow styrya "darn bian a dir" (c.f. Kembrek peth)
  • pòr. Ow styrya "trevas" (c.f. Kembrek pawr)
  • preas. Ow styrya "prysk" (c.f. Kembrek prys po prysg)

Yma dhe Albanek nebes geryow gen styryow nessa dhe Vrythonek ages Wordhonek, r.e. styr Srath (> Strath-) ew tir gwels en Wordhonek Koth bes “nans ledan” en Albanek arnowydh, haval en tien dhe’n yethow Brythonek (r.e. Kembrek ystrad). Dùn, foithir, lios, ràth ha tom a dhiskwedh an keth delanwes. Guto Rhys a breder Piktek dhe janjya syntaks Albanek ewedh.

Henwyn personel

Henwyn personel Piktek, rag ensampel an re dhort an dornskrif Poppleton a dhiskwedh gnasow Brythonek avel synji -st diwettha ha w- kensa (c.f. P. Uurgust vs. Iwerdhonek Fergus) keffrys ha displegyans -ora- dhe -ara- (c.f. P. Taran vs I. torann).

Ema dhe nebes tus Piktek henwyn hevelep en tien e'n tavasow Brythonek erel. Ottobma rol a niver a henwyn Piktek ha’ga hevelep e’n tavasow erel.

Piktek Hanow hevelep Brythonek Hanow hevelep Keltek aral
Mailcon Mailcon (Kembrek Koth), Maelgwn (Kembrek) -
Morcunt, Morgunn, Morgainn Morcant (Kembrek) -
Taran taran (Kembrek ha Kernewek) Taranis (Gallek)
Unust Unwst (Kembrek) Oengus (Albanek)
Uoret, Urad Guoret (Kembrek Koth) -
Uuen Owain (Kembrek) -
Uurgust Gurgust (Kembrek Koth) Fergus (Albanek)
Drest Trystan (Kernewek) -

Niver a elvednow hag ew kebmyn en oll an tavasow Brythonek rag furvya henwyn ew kevys en henwyn Piktyon ewedh. Anjei a gomprehend *jʉð, "arlodh" (> Ciniod) ha *res (> Resad; c.f. kembrek Rhys). En 2008 Alan James a brofyas bos Piktek ha Kumbrek (Brythonek an Hen Ogledh) moy haval ages Kembrek. Studhyans en 2015 gen Guto Rhys a leveris dell o Piktek tavas Brythonek heb kebmys a dhelanwes gen [Latin]] ages an tavasow erel. En despit dhe hedna, ema dhe Forsyth, en 1997, ha Taylor hag Aitchison en 2019 profyes niver a eryow Latin en Piktek. Anjei a gomprehend:

  • *Crocs, "krows" (c.f. Kembrek croes < Latin *crox), war skrift an Ven Burrian, Enysow Ergh.
  • *Ecles, "eglos" (c.f. Kembrek eglwys < Latin eglesia) herwydh Taylor en Ecclesgreig hag erel.
  • *Leo, "lew (kasor)", (c.f. Kembrek 'llew < Latin leo).
  • *Maer, "mer" (c.f. Kembrek maer < Latin major).
  • *Part, "parth" (c.f. Kembrek parth < Latin pars), en Parbroath herwydh Taylor.
  • *Pont, "pons (hembronkyer)", (c.f. Kembrek pont), herwydh Aitchison en Pointack, ha’n hanow personel Brude Bont e’n dornskrif Poppleton.


Ma an erthygel ma usya an Furv Skrifys Savonek a-barth Kernowek diwedhes.

 

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