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^Mayor, Adrienne (2003). Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Duckworth. ISBN978-1-58567-348-3
^“History of biological warfare and bioterrorism”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection20 (6): 497–502. (June 2014). doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12706. PMID24894605.
^Andrew G. Robertson, and Laura J. Robertson. "From asps to allegations: biological warfare in history," Military medicine (1995) 160#8 pp: 369-373.
^Rakibul Hasan, "Biological Weapons: covert threats to Global Health Security." Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (2014) 2#9 p 38. onlineArchived 17 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
^ abAkinwumi, Olayemi (1995). “BIOLOGICALLY-BASED WARFARE IN THE PRE-COLONIAL BORGU SOCIETY OF NIGERIA AND REPUBLIC OF BENIN”. Transafrican Journal of History24: 123–130.
^Calloway, Collin G. (2007). The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America (Pivotal Moments in American History). Oxford University Press. p. 73. ISBN978-0195331271
^Jones, David S. (2004). Rationalizing Epidemics. Harvard University Press. p. 97. ISBN978-0674013056
^McConnel, Michael N. (1997). A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples, 1724-1774. University of Nebraska Press. p. 195
^King, J. C. H. (2016). Blood and Land: The Story of Native North America. Penguin UK. p. 73. ISBN9781846148088
^Ranlet, P (2000). “The British, the Indians, and smallpox: what actually happened at Fort Pitt in 1763?”. Pennsylvania History67 (3): 427–441. PMID17216901.
^“History of biological warfare and bioterrorism”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection20 (6): 497–502. (June 2014). doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12706. PMID24894605. "However, in the light of contemporary knowledge, it remains doubtful whether his hopes were fulfilled, given the fact that the transmission of smallpox through this kind of vector is much less efficient than respiratory transmission, and that Native Americans had been in contact with smallpox >200 years before Ecuyer’s trickery, notably during Pizarro’s conquest of South America in the 16th century. As a whole, the analysis of the various 'pre-microbiological" attempts at biological warfare illustrate the difficulty of differentiating attempted biological attack from naturally occurring epidemics."
^Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare. Government Printing Office. (2007). p. 3. ISBN978-0-16-087238-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=nm_AVg4hmJQC&pg=PA3. "In retrospect, it is difficult to evaluate the tactical success of Captain Ecuyer's biological attack because smallpox may have been transmitted after other contacts with colonists, as had previously happened in New England and the South. Although scabs from smallpox patients are thought to be of low infectivity as a result of binding of the virus in fibrin metric, and transmission by fomites has been considered inefficient compared with respiratory droplet transmission."
^“Smallpox”. Mount Vernon Estate and Gardens. 2022年4月10日閲覧。
^Distinguished Research Fellow, Center for the Study of WMD, National Defense University, Ft. McNair, Washington.
^“The history of biological weapons use: what we know and what we don't.”. Health Security13 (4): 219–55. (August 2015). doi:10.1089/hs.2014.0092. PMID26221997.
^Koenig, Robert (2006), The Fourth Horseman: One Man's Secret Campaign to Fight the Great War in America, PublicAffairs.