放射線と公衆衛生プロジェクト (ほうしゃせんとこうしゅうえいせいプロジェクト、Radiation and Public Health Project ; RPHP)は、統計学者・疫学者の ジェイ・M・グールド、ベンジャミン・A・ゴールドマン、 アーネスト・スターングラスによって1985年に設立された非営利の教育・科学団体である[1][2][3]。主に「ジョセフ・J・マンガノの台所テーブルを中心とした事務所」を持つ「最小限の組織」は、低レベルの核放射線と公衆衛生との関係を調べ、 原子力の安全性に疑問を呈するために設立された[2]。
ルイーズ・ライス博士とその同僚が乳歯調査の一環として収集した85,000本の歯が2001年に発見され、放射線と公衆衛生プロジェクト(RPHP)に提供された[6][7]。RPHPは、歯の収集プロジェクトに参加した人たちを追跡調査し、後に50歳前にがんで死亡した子どもたちの歯の中には、ストロンチウム90が含まれていたとする結果を、2010年にInternational Journal of Health Serviceに発表した[6][7]。
この論文は、ブルックヘブン国立研究所の保健物理学者で放射線防護の専門家であるスティーブン・ムソリノによって「相関関係と因果関係を混同している」として批判され、彼らの意見では論文の著者は「アイスクリームの疫学者」であるとしている[8]。
この研究は、European Journal of Cancer Care誌の2008年版に掲載されたもので、1980年代後半に国立がん研究所によって行われた大規模な分析に異議を唱えている[10]。マンガノとシャーマンの研究は、過去20年間に原子炉近くの米国の子供における白血病死亡率が(国の傾向に対して)急激に増加したことを発見した[11]。死亡率の最大の上昇は最も古い原子力発電所の近くで起こり、1980年代と1990年代に永久に閉鎖された原発の近くでは減少が観察された[11]。
^Mangano, Joseph; Sherman, Janette D. (July 2008). “Childhood leukaemia near nuclear installations”. European Journal of Cancer Care17 (4): 416–418. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.00948.x. PMID18503565.
^Forman, David; Cook-Mozaffari, Paula; Darby, Sarah; Davey, Gwyneth; Stratton, Irene; Doll, Richard; Pike, Malcolm (1987-10-08). “Cancer near nuclear installations” (英語). Nature329 (6139): 499–505. Bibcode: 1987Natur.329..499F. doi:10.1038/329499a0. PMID3657974. "On the contrary, the mortality from cancer has tended to be lower in the LAAs in the vicinity of nuclear installations than in control LAAs selected for their presumed comparability with the former."
^Jablon S; Hrubec Z; Boice JD; Jr (1991-03-20). “Cancer in populations living near nuclear facilities: A survey of mortality nationwide and incidence in two states”. JAMA265 (11): 1403–1408. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03460110069026. hdl:2027/pur1.32754061304899. ISSN0098-7484. PMID1999880. "In the combined data for all facilities, the RR of mortality from childhood leukaemia after plant start-up was 1.03, while before start-up it was larger, 1.08. For leukemia mortality at all ages, the RRs were 0.98 after start-up and 1.02 before."
^ abMoyer, Michael. “Are Babies Dying in the Pacific Northwest Due to Fukushima? A Look at the Numbers”. Scientific American Blog Network. 2016年5月18日閲覧。 “While it certainly is true that there were fewer deaths in the four weeks leading up to Fukushima (in green) than there have been in the 10 weeks following (in red), the entire year has seen no overall trend. ... Only by explicitly excluding data from January and February were Sherman and Mangano able to froth up their specious statistical scaremongering.”
^Mangano, Joseph J.; Sherman, Janette D. (2012-01-01). “An unexpected mortality increase in the United States follows arrival of the radioactive plume from Fukushima: is there a correlation?”. International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation42 (1): 47–64. doi:10.2190/hs.42.1.f. ISSN0020-7314. PMID22403909.
^Körblein, Alfred (2012-01-01). “Response to "An unexpected mortality increase in the United States follows arrival of the radioactive plume from Fukushima: is there a correlation"?”. International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation42 (3): 553–555; discussion 561–570. doi:10.2190/HS.42.3.k. ISSN0020-7314. PMID22993969. "The reason for the observed increase is that the data before and after Fukushima differ. ... A trend analysis of weekly infant deaths using official Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data ... yields no significant increase of infant deaths"
^Wolf, Alex (2012-01-01). “Response to "An unexpected mortality increase in the United States follows arrival of the radioactive plume from Fukushima: is there a correlation"?”. International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation42 (3): 549–551; discussion 561–570. doi:10.2190/hs.42.3.j. ISSN0020-7314. PMID22993968. "This suggests that cities with larger fallout exposures were better off and runs completely contradictory to the suggested conclusion of this paper."
^Gale, Robert Peter (2012-01-01). “Response to "An unexpected mortality increase in the United States follows arrival of the radioactive plume from Fukushima: is there a correlation"?”. International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation42 (3): 557–559; discussion 561–570. doi:10.2190/hs.42.3.l. ISSN0020-7314. PMID22993970. "There is no known mechanism by which exposure to the extremely low doses of ionizing radiations received by Americans from Fukushima and Chernobyl can cause immediate deaths. ... At Fukushima, there have been no radiation-related deaths in emergency or recovery personnel exposed to doses thousands of times higher."
^Moyer, Michael. “Researchers Trumpet Another Flawed Fukushima Death Study”. Scientific American Blog Network. 2016年5月18日閲覧。 “The analysis assumes that the plume arrived on U.S. shores, spread everywhere, instantly, and started killing people immediately. It assumes that the "excess" deaths after March 20 are a real signal, not just a statistical aberration, and that every one of them is due to Fukushima radiation.”
^ abHiranuma, D.O., Yuri (2014年4月16日). “A letter to the editor of Open Journal of Pediatrics”. Fukushima Voice version 2e. 2016年5月18日閲覧。 “the study by Mangano, Sherman and Busby has critical flaws: ... claiming that the CH increase in 2011 was statistically significant, whereas the plotting of the number of actual clinically confirmed cases from 2009 to 2012 clearly shows no significant increase.”
^“"Universe is Like Space Ship" and the problem with "predatory" science journals” (英語). Ottawa Citizen (2015年5月17日). 2016年5月18日閲覧。 “What the paper doesn’t tell is that 2011 was a pretty normal year, statistically speaking. In fact, 2010 was unusual because it had so few births with thyroid problems, and 2011 was much like the years before Fukushima.”