Peter RoweとSeng Kuanによると、同時期に同じ建築会社のパーマー&ターナーによってデザインされたメトロポールホテルとハミルトンハウスの描写のあと、ブロードウェイマンションについても述べており「同時に、曲線状になっており左右対称にステップバックする外観は、B.フレイザーの手によって、両者の屋敷の製作、建築に似たアプローチがとられた・・・パーマー&ターナーのフィルムは1933年の巨大な堤防建築の有機的レイアウトでも曲線的計画建築を採用し続けた[35]。このマンションは屋上には庭園や、スカッシュのコートまで備えられていた[41]。特にこのマンションは370の部屋を持っており[42]、また、オフィスや店も入店していた。」[38]としている。Fiona Shenによると「99のスタイリッシュでコンパクトな部屋に-若い、独身の海外居住者は-ホテル部分、賃貸部分などこれらはいつでも上海租界の経済的生活設備によって娯楽を提供された」[27]と評された。ブロードウェイマンションホテルは屋内駐車場設備を持った上海で最初のホテルであり、屋内駐車場は4階建てで80両分のスペースを持っていた[4]。電話システムは建築時に構築され、電話番号(46260)は現在も変わっていない[4]。
^It is described in 1993 as "Shanghai's best known building"; see "Shanghai", The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., Vol. 27 (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1993):274;
^ abDmitri Kessel, On Assignment: Dmitri Kessel, LIFE photographer (Abrams, 1985):149.
^ abcdNoël Barber, The Fall of Shanghai: The Communist Take-Over in 1949 (Macmillan, 1979):33, 96, 149.
^Anne Warr, Shanghai Architecture (watermark, 2008); quoted in "Shanghai Architectural History 1921-1949", Living Space; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
^One source suggests the correct name is "Freizer"; See Alan Balfour and Shiling Zheng, Shanghai (World Cities series) (Wiley-Academy, 2002):93; see also: Françoise Ged, Shanghai (Institut français d'architecture, 2000):28; Peter G. Rowe and Seng Kuan, Architectural Encounters with Essence and Form in Modern China (MIT Press, 2004):58.
^RIBA Journal [Royal Institute of British Architects] 60 (1953):466.
^Ged, 28; Peter G. Rowe and Seng Kuan, Architectural Encounters with Essence and Form in Modern China (MIT Press, 2004):58.
^ abAntonia Brodie and Mark Girouard, Directory of British Architects 1834-1914: L-Z, 2nd ed. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2001):532, 1025.
^ abcBanister Fletcher and Dan Cruickshank, Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture, 20th ed. (Architectural Press, 1996):1550, 1610
^Damian Harper and David Eimer, Shanghai, 4th ed. (Lonely Planet, 2008):43.
^ abAnne Warr, Shanghai Architecture, quoted in "Shanghai Architectural History: Early Years to 1921" Living Space: real Estate, Design and Lifestyle; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年5月8日閲覧。
^Harold Abbott Rand Conant, "A Far East Journal (1915 - 1941)"; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年10月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年12月5日閲覧。[HARC],
^"SHANGHAI OFFICES OF TIMES SEARCHED; Chief Correspondent to Make a Protest to Japan - His Apartment Also Visited", The New York Times (19 August 1937):2; "The unit of Chinese currency is the yuan, a silver dollar loosely called Mexican. Since it fluctuates less in terms of Chinese commodities than in terms of gold, it is the only fair measure of Chinese values. Hence the dollars throughout this article are Mexican, unless otherwise indicated. The present value of the Mexican dollar is about thirty-four cents." See "The Shanghai Boom", Fortune 11:1 (January 1935); “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。; Chang Huei Hsin, "Essays of the History of Chinese Currencies", (Tai Young Publication Co. 1994); "Mexican Eagle Dollars"; http://www.sycee-on-line.com/Mexico_dollars.htm
^ abcdJ. D. Brown and Sharon Owyang, Frommer's Shanghai, 3rd ed. (John Wiley and Sons, 2004):75.
^ abJournal of Indian History [Dept. of History, University of Kerala] 68-71 (1992):129.
^犹Pan Guang (潘光), Jews in China 太人在中国: [中英文本], 3rd ed. (五洲传播出版社, 2005):1896.
^Kenneth Frampton and Guan Zhaoye, World Architecture 1900-2000: A Critical Mosaic, Vol. 9 (Springer, 2000):59.
^Peter Shen, Villa Shen: An Old Shanghai Story (Pelanduk Pub., 1997).
^Roman Malek, From Kaifeng--to Shanghai: Jews in China (Steyler, 2000):354.
^Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132; see also Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846-1918", 26-30.; http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf
^Arnhold & Co., a trading company that became a leading distributor of building materials and engineering equipment, was founded as the German-registered Arnhold & Karberg & Co. in 1866 on Shameen Island in Canton (Guangzhou) by Jacob Arnhold and Peter Karsberg, and opened branches in Hong Kong (1867) and Shanghai (1881), and had 37 branches by 1901 (see see also Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846-1918", 26-30.; http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf; and "About Arnhold: History'; http://www.arnhold.com.hk/en/about-arnhold/history/); including branches in Hankow, Tientsin (Tianjin), Peking (Beijing), Mukden, London and New York (see E. C. Knuth, The Empire of "The City": The Secret History of British Financial Power (Book Tree, 2006):72). From 1897 to 1910, at least one of the Arnhold family was chairman of the compamy's board of directors: Jacob Arnhold (1897-1900), Philipp Arnhold (1900-1905; and 1906-1910); and Harry E. Arnhold (1905- 1906). (see Frans-Paul van der Putten, Corporate Behaviour and Political Risk: Dutch companies in China, 1903-1941 (Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, Leiden University, 2001):74.) Due to hostility to German companies as a consequence of World War I, and the seizure of German companies by the British and their allies, H.E. Arnhold and his brother, Charles Herbert Arnhold (born 19 September 1881 in London), "advertised themselves out of the well-known Anglo-German concern, Arnhold, Karberg & Co.". (see Edward Manico Gull, British Economic Interests in the Far East (International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1943):119; The Law Journal Reports 85 (E.B. Ince, 1916):133.), which had four equal partners: the two Arnhold brothers; Ernest Goetz, a Swiss born German subject; and Max Niclassen, of Berlin, Germany (see Ernest Charles Meldon Trehern and Albert Wallace Grant, Prize Cases Heard and Decided in the Prize Court During the Great War, Great Britain High Court of Justice, Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division, High Court of Justice Vol. 1(Stevens, 1916):644-645). Initially they formed the firm of Messrs. H.E. Arnhold (China), but on 1 October 1917, they incorporated its successor, Arnhold Brothers Limited (China), in Hong Kong, under the British ordinances, but with headquarters in Shanghai (see Asia: Journal of the American Asiatic Association 18:11 (November 1918):984), which was reconstituted as a British company after 1919. Sir Victor Sassoon became the majority shareholder in 1923 after a merger (see C.R. Maguire, China Stock and Share Handbook (Office of the North-China Daily News and Herald, ltd., 1925, 100 for list of directors). According to Stella Dong, is "most attractive asset was the Cathay Land Company, ownership of which gave Sir Victor control of a number of apartment buildings and a hotel in the International Settlement as well as choice housing estates in the French Concession." (See Stella Dong, Shanghai: The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City 1842-1949 (HarperCollins, 2001):218-219). Arnhold's served as a front for Sassoon's political interests in the International Settlement. (See Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132). Headquartered in the Arnhold Building at 6 Kiukiang Road, Shanghai (see Allister Macmillan, Seaports of the Far East: Historical and Descriptive, Commercial and Industrial, Facts, Figures, & Resources, 2nd ed. (W.H. & L. Collingridge, 1925):57) until its relocation in 1930 to the third floor of Sassoon House at 1 Nanking Road (see Stanley Jackson, The Sassoons (Dutton, 1968):217; Ernest O. Hauser, Shanghai: City for Sale (Harcourt, Brace and company, 1940):284.), Arnhold & Co. flourished until 1949 when, with the change of Government in China, the headquarters relocated to Hong Kong. Mr. Maurice Green who had been associated with the company since the Sassoon takeover, acquired the controlling interest in Arnhold in 1957 (see About Us; History).
^The China Who's Who ... (foreign) (Kelley & Walsh, 1924):18.
^According to Ernest O. Hauser, "Arnhold was Sir Victor's lieutenant." (See Ernest O. Hauser, Shanghai: City for Sale (Harcourt, Brace and company, 1940):284), or as Bickers put it more bluntly: "Harry was his man on the SMC." (see Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132) Arnhold was defeated for re-election as a member of the SMC in 1930 for his "reformist" tendencies. He also attracted antisemitic and anti-German hostility. Arnhold's defeat was warmly welcomed, as the diplomats disliked him. 'Not an attractive personality,' noted Sir Miles Lampson, the then British Minister. Arnhold was to re-emerge as a settler community leader in the 1930s, serving on the committee of serving on the committee of the British Residents' Association, and then back on the SMC from 1932 to 1937, chairing it in 1934-37. See Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132.
^Vaudine England, The Quest of Noel Croucher: Hong Kong's Quiet Philanthropist (Hong Kong University Press, 1998):45.
^Robert Bickers and Christian Henriot, New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842-1953 (Manchester University Press ND, 2000):45.
^Sigmund Tobias, Strange Haven: A Jewish Childhood in Wartime Shanghai (University of Illinois Press, 1999):24-25.
^Jim Yoshida, The Two Worlds of Jim Yoshida (Morrow, 1972):128.
^Beverley Jackson, Shanghai Girl Gets All Dressed up (Ten Speed Press, 2005).
^Fortune 11:1 (January 1935), reported 19,241 foreigners, plus 25,000 Russians. See “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。
^Edna Lee Booker, News Is My Job - A Correspondent in War Torn China (New York: MacMillan, 1940):15; Christian Henriot, "Little Japan in Shanghai: An Insulated Community, 1875-1945" in Robert Bickers and Christian Henriot, eds., New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842-1952 (Manchester University Press, 2000):146-169.
^Peter O'Connor, Japanese Propaganda : To our American friends II, 1934-38, Vol. 9 (Global Oriental, 2005):184; United States Naval Institute, Proceedings Vol. 65 (1939):176.
^Joshua A. Fogel, The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, 1862-1945 (Stanford University Press, 1996):199.
^Journal, By American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, 5.
^"Explosives Hurled at Property Owned by Japanese-Street Patrols Are Reinforced", The New York Times (7 July 1938):10.
^Anthony Kubek, The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China. United States Congress: Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws Vol. 1(U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1970):279.
^Jim Yoshida, with Bill Hosokawa, The Two Worlds of Jim Yoshida (Morrow, 1972):127.
^William H. McDougall, If I Get Out Alive: World War II Letters & Diaries of William H. McDougall Jr (University of Utah Press, 2007):35; Violet Sweet Haven, Gentlemen of Japan: a Study in Rapist Diplomacy (Ziff-Davis publishing company, 1944):70; Eric Downton, Wars Without End (Stoddart, 1987):52. Philip J. Jaffe, Amerasia 3 (1940):90.
^Gus Lee, Chasing Hepburn: A Memoir of Shanghai, Hollywood, and a Chinese Family's Fight for Freedom (Harmony Books, 2003):440.
^Dora Sanders Carney, Foreign Devils had Light Eyes: A Memoir of Shanghai 1933-1939 (Dorset Pub., 1980):222.
^ abFrederic E. Wakeman, The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime, 1937-1941 (Cambridge University Press, 2002):13, 62
^Shuxi Xu, Japan and the Third Powers No. 11 (Kelly & Walsh, 1941):202.
^Electoral gerrymandering, sanctioned and aided by London, prevented the Japanese achieving a majority on the SMC in 1940. See Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):157.
^Madeleine Constance Munday, Rice Bowl Broken (National Book Association, 1947):113; The China Weekly Review 88-89 (11 March 1939):109; The China Weekly Review 88-89 (1 April 1939):131.
^The China Weekly Review 88-89 (11 March 1939):46; Hallett Abend, My Life in China 1926-1941 (Reprint: READ BOOKS, 2007):337.
^China at War 8:1 (January 1942):38; "SHANGHAI AMERICANS SAFE BUT HARASSED", The New York Times (13 March 1942):4; Columbia University East Asian Institute, Contemporary China, Vol. 1 (Westview Press, 1976):17.
^Freda Utley, Last Chance in China (Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1947):91; Russell Lord and Kate Kalkman Lord, Forever the Land: A Country Chronicle and Anthology (Harper, 1950):285.
^Jean Bowie Shor, After You, Marco Polo, 4th ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1955):61.
^Harrison Forman, Blunder in Asia (Didier, 1950):12; Jack Birns, Carolyn Wakeman, and Ken Light, Assignment, Shanghai: Photographs on the Eve of Revolution (University of California Press, 2003):98.
^Emanuel Goldberg, The Stars and Stripes in China (University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1947):41.
^William R. Dunn, Fighter Pilot: The First American Ace of World War II (Reprint: University Press of Kentucky, 1996):171.
^United States Congressional Serial Set, Vol. 6 (U.S.G.P.O., 1956):HR2551, 6.
^Henry B. Lieberman, "5,000 Parade in Shanghai," The New York Times (2 January 1947):11; Spencer Moosa, "Chinese Demand Americans Leave", The Evening Independent (1 January 1947):2.
^"US TROOPS CRITICIZED", The New York Times (14 September 1947); and "ANTI-AMERICAN FEELING IN CHINA LAID TO YANKS", Chicago Tribune (14 September 1947).
^Hsüan ch'uan pu, Xing zheng yuan, and Xin wen ju, China Handbook (Macmillan, 1944):534.
^ abPegge Parker Hlavacek, Alias Pegge Parker (Reprint: iUniverse, 2003):62.
^Robert H. Giles, Robert W. Snyder, and Lisa DeLisle, eds., Covering China (Transaction Publishers, 2001):22; Bruce Douglass and Ross Terrill, China and Ourselves: Explorations and Revisions by a New Generation (Beacon Press, 1971):90; Paul Gordon Lauren, The China Hands' Legacy: Ethics and Diplomacy (Westview Press, 1987):173.
^Paolo Alberto Rossi, The Communist Conquest of Shanghai: A Warning to the West (Twin Circle, 1970):109.
^John Robinson Beal, Marshall in China (Doubleday Canada, 1970):133, 21.
^Richard Hughes, Foreign Devil: Thirty Years of Reporting from the Far East (Deutsch, 1972):279.
^ abKeyes Beech, Tokyo and Points East (Doubleday, 1954):29.
^Odd Arne Westad, Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950 (Stanford University Press, 2003):250-251; Mariano Ezpeleta, Red Shadows over Shanghai (ZITA Pub. Corp., 1972):188.
^Mariano Ezpeleta, Red Shadows over Shanghai (ZITA Pub. Corp., 1972):188.
^"SHANGHAI TIGHTENS SECURITY PROGRAM", The New York Times (1 May 1949):43; "Shanghai Troops Occupy Hotels; Man Gun Posts in Skyscrapers; Raw Country Recruits With Field Equipment Billeted in Luxury Buildings on Main Streets -- May Day Parades Banned", The New York Times (2 May 1949):3.
^ abJeremy Brown and Paul Pickowicz, Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of the People's Republic of China (Harvard University Press, 2007):391.
^Alun Falconer, New China: Friend or Foe? (Naldrett Press, 1950):13; Harrison Forman, Blunder in Asia (Didier, 1950):73; Jeremy Brown and Paul Pickowicz, Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of the People's Republic of China (Harvard University Press, 2007):391.
^Peter Townsend, China Phoenix: The Revolution in China (Cape, 1955):73; see also Roy Rowan, Chasing the Dragon: A Veteran Journalist's Firsthand Account of the 1946-9 Chinese Revolution (The Lyons Press, 2008):215.
^Edwin Palmer Hoyt, The Rise of the Chinese Republic: From the Last Emperor to Deng Xiaoping (McGraw-Hill, 1989):333.
^United States Dept. of State, International Information Administration, Documentary Studies Section, United States Information Agency, Problems of Communism Vol. 17 (Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration, 1968):17.
^Ezra F. Vogel, L. Culman, and Margie Sargent, The Cultural Revolution in the Provinces (East Asian Research Center, Harvard University; distributed by Harvard University Press, 1971):88.
^Lynn M. Lubkeman, The Origins of the Shanghai People's Commune of 1967 (University of Wisconsin--Madison., 1978):171.
^Michael Schoenhals, China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969: Not a Dinner Party (M.E. Sharpe, 1996):145.
^"A Reporter Revisits Shanghai" Time (19 March 1973):2; http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,906934,00.html; Fredric M. Kaplan, Arne J. De Keijzer, and Julian M. Sobin, The China Guidebook 1993-94, 13th ed. (Published by Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993):591.
^Ruth Lor Malloy, A Guide to the People's Republic of China for Travelers of Chinese Ancestry (Published 1973):37.
^Stephen Fitzgerald and Pamela Hewitt, China in the Seventies: Australian Perspectives (Contemporary China Centre, Australian National University, 1980):60.
^建設部建設雜誌社 , Zhongguo fan dian da quan: tu ce (測繪出版社, 1991):177.
^Bjørn B Erring, Harald Høyem, and Synnøve Vinsrygg, The Horizontal Skyscraper (Tapir Academic Press, 2002):206.
^Fredric M. Kaplan, Arne J. De Keijzer, and Julian M. Sobin, The China Guidebook 1993-94, 13th ed. (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993):591.
^Shanghai she hui ke xue yuan, Shanghai Economy Year Book (Shanghai Economy Yearbook Editorial and Publishing Agency, 1995):161.
^Alan Samagalski, Robert Strauss, and Michael Buckley, China: A Travel Survival Kit, 2nd ed. (Lonely Planet Publications, 1988):354.
^Damian Harper et al., China, 8th ed. (Lonely Planet, 2002):342.
^William Lancelot Holland and Paul F. Hooper, Remembering the Institute of Pacific Relations: The Memoirs of William L. Holland (RYUUKEISYOSYA, 1995):20.
^"The greatest rental complex of the metropolis." Fernand Gigon, Et Mao prit le pouvoir, 20th ed. (Flammarion, 1969):241.
^"Men of Shanghai" Fortune (january 1935):115ff; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。; Ronald Kent Shelp and Al Ehrbar, Fallen Giant: The Amazing Story of Hank Greenberg and the History of AIG (John Wiley and Sons, 2006):43.
^"Hallett Abend, Newsman, Dead: Former Times Correspondent in Far East Was Editor of Marshallton, Iowa, Paper", The New York Times (28 November 1955):31.
^Hallett Abend, Chaos in Asia (I. Washburn, inc., 1940):272.
^Esson McDowell Gale, Salt for the Dragon: A Personal History of China, 1908-1945 (Michigan State College Press, 1953):211; Richard Porter Butrick, American University Men in China (Comacrib press, 1936):183.
^Hallett Abend, The God from the West: A Biography of Frederick Townsend Ward (Doubleday, 1947):ix; Hallett Abend, My Life in China 1926-1941 (Reprint: READ BOOKS, 2007):337; Paul French, Carl Crow, A Tough Old China Hand: The Life, Times and Adventures of an American in Shanghai (Hong Kong University Press, 2007):213.
^"New York Times Man Robbed and Tortured", The New York Times (20 July 1940):6; "Doubt on Abend Assault, But Quickly Retracts When His Part Is Made Known", The New York Times (25 July 1940):6.
^Ronald Cecil Hamlyn McKie, Echoes from Forgotten Wars (Collins, 1980):26.
^Eric Downton, Wars Without End (Stoddart, 1987):313.
^"AMERICANS LEAVING ZONES UNDER FIRE; British Are Considering Mass Evacuation of Settlement--Japanese Watch Hotels" The New York Times (15 August 1937):1; "SHANGHAI OFFICES OF TIMES SEARCHED; Chief Correspondent to Make a Protest to Japan - His Apartment Also Visited" The New York Times (19 August 1937):2.