Protettorato francese in Tunisia

Protettorato francese in Tunisia
Protettorato francese in Tunisia – Bandiera
Bandiera utilizzata da alcune unità militari francesi (Non ufficiale) (dettagli)
Protettorato francese in Tunisia - Stemma
Motto: Liberté Egalité Fraternité
Protettorato francese in Tunisia - Localizzazione
Protettorato francese in Tunisia - Localizzazione
Dati amministrativi
Nome ufficialeProtectorat français de Tunisie
Lingue ufficialiarabo, francese
Lingue parlatearabo tunisino, francese, berbero
InnoLa Marseillaise
"Ḥumāt al-Ḥima"
CapitaleTunisi
Dipendente da Terza repubblica
Bandiera della Francia di Vichy Francia di Vichy
Bandiera della Francia libera Francia libera
GPRF
Quarta repubblica
Politica
Forma di StatoProtettorato
Forma di governoSultanato
Bey di TunisiBey di Tunisi
Organi deliberativiAssemblea nazionale francese
Nascita1881 con Muhammad III al-Sadiq
CausaTrattato del Bardo
Fine1956 con Muhammad VIII al-Amin
CausaIndipendenza della Tunisia
Territorio e popolazione
Bacino geograficoMaghreb
Territorio originaleTunisia
Economia
ValutaFranco tunisino
Risorsedatteri, cereali, pastorizia
Produzionidatteri, pelli, cereali
Commerci conFrancia
Esportazionidatteri, pelli, carne e latticini
Importazioniutensili, materiali edili, automobili, macchinari di produzione
Religione e società
Religioni preminentiIslam
Religione di StatoIslam
Religioni minoritarieCristianesimo, Ebraismo
Classi socialinobiltà, funzionari, commercianti, artigiani, contadini
Evoluzione storica
Preceduto da Tunisia ottomana
Succeduto da Regno di Tunisia
Ora parte diBandiera della Tunisia Tunisia

Il Protettorato francese in Tunisia (in arabo الحماية الفرنسية في تونس?, al-Ḥimāya al-faransiyya fī Tūnus) fu istituito con il trattato del Bardo del 12 maggio 1881 e terminò il 20 marzo 1956.

Storia

Nel 1878 il Congresso di Berlino sancì i diritti francesi sulla Tunisia, precedentemente dipendente dall'Impero ottomano, ormai in via di disgregazione a seguito della guerra russo-turca, visti anche come una "compensazione" per la perdita dell'Alsazia e della Lorena conseguente alla guerra franco-prussiana[senza fonte]. L'Italia, che aveva forti interessi economici in Tunisia, si oppose ma senza successo.

Il Trattato del Bardo del 1881 costringeva quindi il bey di Tunisi a trasferire la quasi totalità dei suoi poteri nelle mani del Residente generale di Francia in Tunisia,(perché la Tunisia era ritenuta partecipe all'insolvenza) che assunse di fatto il ruolo di Governatore del Paese. La rappresentanza degli interessi tunisini all'estero era fatta propria dalla rete diplomatica francese.

Tale situazione politica permase fino all'indipendenza tunisina del 1956. Durante la seconda guerra mondiale la Tunisia rimase fedele al governo fantoccio di Vichy fino alla occupazione degli alleati nel 1943. Nel dopoguerra il movimento indipendentista, guidato da Habib Bourguiba e Salah Ben Youssef, leader del partito Neo-Dustur, divenne sempre più forte. Contrastato dai Francesi, nel 1952 passò alla lotta armata. A partire dal 1954 la posizione conciliante del primo ministro francese Pierre Mendès France favorì i negoziati, che si conclusero con il riconoscimento dell'indipendenza tunisina.

Bibliografia

  • Mary Dewhurst Lewis, Divided Rule: Sovereignty and Empire in French Tunisia, 1881-1938, 0520279158, 9780520279155, University of California Press, 2013

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Controllo di autoritàLCCN (ENsh85138658 · J9U (ENHE987007555904705171

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