Polystachyinae

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Polystachyinae
Polystachya subdiphylla
Classificazione APG IV
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
(clade)Angiosperme
(clade)Mesangiosperme
(clade)Monocotiledoni
OrdineAsparagales
FamigliaOrchidaceae
SottofamigliaEpidendroideae
TribùVandeae
SottotribùPolystachyinae
Schltr., 1914
Classificazione Cronquist
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
DivisioneMagnoliophyta
ClasseLiliopsida
OrdineOrchidales
FamigliaOrchidaceae
SottofamigliaEpidendroideae
TribùVandeae
SottotribùPolystachyinae
Generi

Le Polystachyinae Schltr., 1914 sono una sottotribù di piante della famiglia delle Orchidacee (sottofamiglia Epidendroideae) che comprende oltre 200 specie in due generi.[1][2]

Descrizione

La sottotribù comprende specie sia terricole che epifite.
Hanno fusti a crescita prevalentemente sinpodiale. Alcune specie sono dotate di pseudobulbi. Si caratterizzano per la presenza di quattro pollinii.[3]

Riproduzione

La maggior parte delle specie si riproducono per impollinazione entomofila ad opera di insetti apoidei. Alcune specie, tra cui Polystachya concreta, possono praticare l'autoimpollinazione.[4]

Distribuzione e habitat

Le Polystachyinae sono distribuite principalmente nella fascia tropicale di Africa e America, con alcune specie in Asia.

Tassonomia

Nella classificazione delle Orchidaceae di Dressler (1993) la sottotribù delle Polystachyinae era assegnata alla vasta tribù delle Epidendreae[5]. Freudenstein e Rasmussen nel 1999 evidenziarono una relazione filogenetica con il raggruppamento delle Vandeae[6], dato confermato anche da successivi studi basati su evidenze molecolari [7].

La classificazione più recente (Chase et al., 2015) accogliendo tali osservazioni colloca le Polystachyinae tra le Vandeae e assegna loro 2 generi:[2]

Note

  1. ^ Chase M.W., Freudenstein J.F. & Cameron K.M., DNA Data and Orchidaceae systematics: a new phylogenetic classification, in K. W. Dixon, S. P. Kell, R. L. Barrett, & P. J. Cribb (eds.), Orchid Conservation, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Natural History Publications, 2003, pp. 69-89.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Chase M.W., Cameron K.M., Freudenstein J.V., Pridgeon A.M., Salazar G., van den Berg C. & Schuiteman A., An updated classification of Orchidaceae (PDF), in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 177 (2), 2015, pp. 151-174.
  3. ^ (EN) Carlsward BS, Whitten WM, Williams NH and Bytebier B, Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness, in American Journal of Botany 2006; 93: 770-786.
  4. ^ Cingel NA, An atlas of orchid pollination: America, Africa, Asia and Australia, CRC Press, 2001, p. 128, ISBN 978-90-5410-486-5.
  5. ^ Dressler R.L., Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family, Portland, OR, Dioscorides Press, 1993, ISBN 978-0-931146-24-4.
  6. ^ Freudenstein JV & Rasmussen FN, What does morphology tell us about orchid relationships? A cladistic analysis, in American Journal of Botany 1999; 86: 225-248.
  7. ^ van den Berg C, Goldman DH, Freudenstein JV, Pridgeon AM, Cameron KM, Chase MW, An overview of the phylogenetic relationships within Epidendroideae inferred from multiple DNA regions and recircumscription of the Epidendreae and Arethuseae (Orchidaceae), in American Journal of Botany 2005; 92: 613-624. URL consultato il 19 luglio 2010 (archiviato dall'url originale il 3 luglio 2010).

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