Namik Kemal Yolga

Namık Kemal Yolga (19142001) è stato un diplomatico turco.

Durante la seconda guerra mondiale fu viceconsole presso l'ambasciata turca a Parigi. Affermò di aver salvato alcune vite di ebrei turchi dai nazisti: le poche prove disponibili suggeriscono che sia stato determinante nel privare gli ebrei turchi nati in Francia della loro cittadinanza e quindi in tal modo avrebbe potuto salvarli dall'Olocausto.[1] Ricevette un riconoscimento dal governo turco e da una fondazione ebraica in Turchia.

Biografia

Carriera

Fu assegnato all'ambasciata turca a Parigi nel 1940 come viceconsole, la sua prima carica diplomatica in un paese straniero. Due mesi dopo i nazisti invasero e occuparono la Francia, iniziando a rastrellare gli ebrei e a trasferirli al campo di internamento di Drancy da dove furono poi spostati nei campi di concentramento dell'est Europa.

Il giovane Yolga affermò di aver salvato uno ad uno gli ebrei turchi dalle autorità naziste, raccogliendoli a Drancy, guidandoli con la sua automobile e nascondendoli in luoghi sicuri. Nella sua autobiografia, Yolga ha descritto i suoi sforzi come:

(EN)

«Every time we learnt that a Turkish Jew was captured and sent to Drancy, the Turkish Embassy sent an ultimatum to the German Embassy in Paris and demanded his/her release, specifically pointing out that the Turkish Constitution does not discriminate its people for their race or religion, therefore Turkish Jews are Turkish nationals and Germans have no right to arrest them as Turkey was a neutral country during the war. Then I used to go to Drancy to pick him/her up with my car and put them in a safe house. As far as I know, only one Turkish Jew from Bordeaux was sent to a camp in Germany as the Turkish Embassy was not aware of his arrest at the time.»

(IT)

«Ogni volta che abbiamo appreso che un ebreo turco è stato catturato e inviato a Drancy, l'ambasciata turca ha comunicato un ultimatum all'ambasciata tedesca a Parigi chiedendone il suo rilascio, e sottolineando, in particolare, che la costituzione turca non discrimina la sua gente per la loro razza o religione, quindi gli ebrei turchi sono cittadini turchi ed i tedeschi non hanno il diritto di arrestarli poiché la Turchia era un paese neutrale durante la guerra. Poi andavo a Drancy per prenderli con la mia automobile e metterli in un alloggio sicuro. Per quanto ne so, solo un ebreo turco di Bordeaux è stato inviato in un campo in Germania poiché l'ambasciata turca non era a conoscenza del suo arresto in quel momento.»

Infatti, secondo il "Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France" di Serge Klarsfeld[2][3], furono deportati 1300 ebrei turchi, di cui 939 ufficialmente riconosciuti come turchi dai nazisti: il loro destino dipese interamente dalla decisione del personale dell'ufficio turco. Secondo le leggi in vigore in Turchia negli anni '30, tutti i cittadini emigrati che non si fossero registrati presso i consolati, o che non avessero adempiuto al loro dovere militare, avrebbero perso la nazionalità turca, e questa fu la realtà per la maggior parte degli ebrei.

Successivamente fu ambasciatore a Roma, Parigi, Caracas, Teheran e Mosca e poi segretario generale presso il ministero degli Esteri turco.

Eredità e riconoscimenti

Grazie agli sforzi di Haim Vidal Sephiha, un ebreo turco deportato dal Belgio e sopravvissuto ad Auschwitz, sono ora presenti monumenti, targhe ed elenchi di nomi di ebrei turchi sui principali siti di sterminio.

È stato premiato nel 1998 dalla "500. Yıl Vakfı" (Quincentennial Foundation).

Namık Kemal Yolga, Selahattin Ülkümen e Necdet Kent sono stati insigniti della Medaglia per il servizio supremo della Turchia per aver salvato gli ebrei durante l'Olocausto.

Note

  1. ^ Baer Marc D., Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide, Indiana University Press, 2020, p. 198, ISBN 978-0-253-04542-3.
  2. ^ (FR) MÉMORIAL DE LA DÉPORTATION DES JUIFS DE FRANCE - KLARSFELD-FFDJF, su klarsfeld-ffdjf.org. URL consultato il 29 ottobre 2023.
  3. ^ Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database -- LE MÉMORIAL DE LA DÉPORTATION DES JUIFS DE FRANCE / Serge Klarsfeld., su www.ushmm.org. URL consultato il 29 ottobre 2023.

Bibliografia

  • Gopin Marc, Holy War, Holy Peace, Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 242, ISBN 978-0-19-514650-9. URL consultato il 31 luglio 2009.
  • Tütüncü Mehmet, Turkish-Jewish Encounters, SOTA, 2001, p. 312, ISBN 978-90-804409-4-4. URL consultato il 31 luglio 2009.
  • Marc David Baer, Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide, Indiana University Press, 2020.
  • Benjamin Schatzma's, Journal d'un interné, Volume II.

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