Ma Buqing

Ma Buqing
馬步青
Ma Buqing seduto sulla destra, con suo fratello Ma Bufang a sinistra
NascitaLinxia, 1901
MorteTaipei, 9 febbraio 1977
EtniaHui
Religionemusulmana
Dati militari
Paese servitoBandiera della Repubblica di Cina Repubblica di Cina
Forza armata Esercito Rivoluzionario Nazionale
UnitàEsercito Ninghai
Anni di servizio1928 - 1949
GradoTenente generale
GuerreSeconda guerra sino-giapponese
Guerra civile cinese
CampagneLunga marcia
Comandante di42ª Armata dell'Esercito Rivoluzionario Nazionale
voci di militari presenti su Wikipedia

Ma Buqing[1] (馬步青T, 马步青S, Mǎ BùqīngP, Ma Pu-ch’ingW, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺑُﻮْ شٍ) (Monigou, 1901Taipei, 9 febbraio 1977) è stato un generale cinese, signore della guerra musulmano di etnia hui, appartenente alla cricca Ma, attivo durante la Repubblica di Cina e che controllò gli eserciti nella provincia del Qinghai.

Chiang Kai-shek(a destra) incontra i generali Ma Bufang (secondo da sinistra), e Ma Buqing (primo da sinistra) a Xining nell'agosto 1942.

Biografia

Ma Buqing e il suo fratello minore Ma Bufang (1903–1975) erano nati a Monigou (漠泥沟乡)[2] in quella che è oggi la contea di Linxia, a circa 35 km. ad ovest della città di Linxia. Loro padre, Ma Qi, costituì l'esercito Ninghai nel Qinghai nel 1915, e ricevette onorificenze civili e militari dal governo Beiyang di Pechino confermandogli l'autorità civile e militare nel Qinghai.

Ma Buqing ricevette una classica educazione cinese, mentre suo fratello Ma Bufang venne istruito secondo i dettami dell'Islam per essere indirizzato alla carriera di Imam.[3]

Ma Buqing combatté con Feng Yuxiang e il suo Guominjun fino alla guerra delle Pianure centrali, passando poi dalla parte del vincitore Chiang Kai-shek. Ma Qi morì nel 1931 e venne succeduto da suo fratello Ma Lin, nominato governatore del Qinghai.

Mentre Ma Buqing assisteva ad una rappresentazione di Opera cinese, incontrò il professore americano John DeFrancis.[4]

Le sue truppe sconfissero il Partito Comunista Cinese durante la Lunga marcia nel 1936.[5][6]

Ma Buqing e Ma Bufang discussero, al telefono, con Chiang Kai-shek I piani di battaglia nella guerra contro I giapponesi.[7] Ma Buqing's Hexi 5th Army entered the war against the Japanese.[8] Nel 1940, alla Battaglia di Wuyuan, Ma Buqing comandò il 6º Cavalleria contro i giapponesi. Questi vennero sconfitti dalla cavalleria musulmana cinese che riconquistò Wuyuan.

Ma Buqing ebbe in quel tempo il controllo virtuale del corridoio del Gansu.[9][10]

Nel 1942 il Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, il capo del governo cinese andò personalmente in giro d'ispezione nella Cina nord-occidentale a Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi e Qinghai, dove incontrò sia Ma Buqing che Ma Bufang. Le truppe di Ma Buqing erano coinvolte nella costruzione di strade, per il movimento di rifornimenti di guerra alle forze cinesi che combattevano contro il Giappone, avendo costruito un percorso verso la Russia e stavano progettando un'altra via attraverso il Tibet.[11]

Nel luglio del 1942 Chiang Kai-shek chiese a Ma Buqing di muover i 30.000 del suo esercito a Tsaidam nel bacino di Qaidam Basin nel Qinghai.[12][13] Chiang nominò Ma Commissario di bonifica, per minacciare il fianco meridionale di Sheng Shicai nel Xinjiang, che confinava con Tsaidam. Il distretto di Liangzhou da Wuwei era in precedenza il suo quartier generale a Gansu, dove controllava 15 milioni di musulmani.[14]

Nel 1949, Ma Buqing, assieme alla sua famiglia, riparò a Taiwan assieme al governo del Kuomintang della Repubblica di Cina divenendo consigliere del ministro della Difesa.[15] Suo fratello, Ma Bufang, riparò in Egitto. Ma Buqing morì il 9 febbraio 1977 a Taipei.

Comandi

  • 1926 Comandante della 55ª Brigata indipendente della 5ª Armata
  • Comandante della 65ª Brigata della 22ª Divisione
  • Comandante della guarnigione di Luoyang
  • 1929–1937: Generale comandante della 5ª Divisione di cavalleria
  • 1937–1942: Generale comandante della 5ª Divisione di cavalleria
  • 1942–1943: Commissario di bonifica della provincia del Qinghai
  • 1943–1945: Vice comandante in capo della 40ª Armata

Note

  1. ^ Nell'onomastica cinese il cognome precede il nome. "Ma" è il cognome.
  2. ^ "临夏旅游" (Linxia Tourism), published by Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture Tourist Board, 2003. 146 pages. No ISBN. Pages 68–69.
  3. ^ Stéphane A. Dudoignon, Hisao Komatsu e Yasushi Kosugi, Intellectuals in the modern Islamic world: transmission, transformation, communication, Taylor & Francis, 2006, p. 255, ISBN 978-0-415-36835-3. URL consultato il 28 giugno 2010.
  4. ^ John DeFrancis, In the footsteps of Genghis Khan, University of Hawaii Press, 1993, p. 294, ISBN 0-8248-1493-2. URL consultato il 28 giugno 2010.
  5. ^ Lily Xiao Hong Lee e Sue Wiles, Women of the Long March, Allen & Unwin, 1999, p. 72, ISBN 1-86448-569-8. URL consultato il 28 giugno 2010.
  6. ^ Benjamin Yang, From revolution to politics: Chinese communists on the long march, Westview Press, 1990, p. 304, ISBN 0-8133-7672-6. URL consultato il 28 giugno 2010.
  7. ^ 还原真实的西北群马之马步芳 骑八师中原抗日 - 历史 - 穆斯林在线(muslimwww), su muslimwww.com. URL consultato il 14 luglio 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 27 agosto 2016).
  8. ^ 8000骑兵战士战死抗日沙场,可歌可泣_周口热点资讯, su zk.ccoo.cn. URL consultato il 14 luglio 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 22 ottobre 2016).
  9. ^ Asia, Volume 40, Asia Magazine, 1940. URL consultato il 28 giugno 2010.
  10. ^ June Teufel Dreyer, China's forty millions: minority nationalities and national integration in the People's Republic of China, Harvard University Press, 1976, p. 27, ISBN 0-674-11964-9. URL consultato il 28 giugno 2010.
  11. ^ CHINA: He Who Has Reason, in TIME, 5 ottobre 1942. URL consultato l'11 aprile 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 26 aprile 2011).
  12. ^ Hsiao-Ting Lin, War, Leadership and Ethnopolitics: Chiang Kai-shek and China's frontiers, 1941–1945, in Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 18, n. 59, 1º marzo 2009, pp. 201–217, DOI:10.1080/10670560802575960. URL consultato il 14 luglio 2017. Ospitato su Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
  13. ^ Nationalists, Muslim Warlords, and the "Great Northwestern Development" in Pre-Communist China
  14. ^ HARRISON FORMAN, MOSLEM WAR LORD ISOLATED BY CHINA; Ma Pu-ching Sent to Swamps of Tibet With the Title of Reclamation Commissioner MEMBER OF A NOTED CLAN Vital Route to Russia Passes Through Area With 15,000,000 Believers in the Koran, in The New York Times, 19 luglio 1942.
  15. ^ Jonathan N. Lipman, Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu, vol. 10, Sage Publications, Inc., Jul 1984, p. 313, JSTOR 189017.

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