Cometa Encke

Cometa
2P/Encke
Stella madreSole
Scoperta1786
ScopritorePierre Méchain
Designazioni
alternative
1786 I; 1795;
1805; 1819 I;
1822 II; 1825 III;
1829; 1832 I;
1835 II; 1838;
1842 I; 1845 IV
Parametri orbitali
(all'epoca 2459040,5
10 luglio 2020[1])
Semiasse maggiore2,2152379 au
Perielio0,3367202 au
Afelio4,094 au
Periodo orbitale3,3 anni
Inclinazione orbitale11,76466°
Eccentricità0,8479982
Longitudine del
nodo ascendente
334,55194°
Argom. del perielio186,56229°
Anomalia media4,23126°
Par. Tisserand (TJ)3,025[2] (calcolato)
Ultimo perielio25 giugno 2020
Prossimo perielio22 ottobre 2023[3]
Dati fisici
Dimensioni4,8 km (diametro)
Dati osservativi
Magnitudine app.
  • +4,5 (max)
Magnitudine ass.11,50

La cometa di Encke, formalmente 2P/Encke, è una cometa periodica che prende il nome dall'astronomo Johann Franz Encke, il quale, attraverso laboriosi studi sulla sua orbita e molti calcoli basati sulle sue apparizioni, nel 1786, nel 1795, nel 1808 e nel 1818, riuscì a prevedere la sua comparsa. Nel 1819 egli pubblicò le sue conclusioni nel giornale genovese Correspondance Astronomique, e predisse il suo ritorno nel 1822.

Secondo la designazione ufficiale, la cometa di Encke fu la seconda ad essere denominata dopo la Cometa di Halley. Insolito che il nome derivi da chi ne ha calcolato il ritorno e non da chi l'ha scoperta, Pierre Méchain. Sono solo quattro le comete per le quali è stata fatta questa scelta e le altre tre sono: la cometa di Halley, la cometa Crommelin e la cometa Lexell.

Alcuni ricercatori ritengono che questa cometa si sia originata da una più grande spaccatasi nell'età del bronzo[4], che avrebbe provocato la distruzione del territorio situato tra Gaza e Troia; questa ipotesi sarebbe supportata dalla presenza di un presunto cratere meteoritico in Iraq, attualmente riempito dal lago di Umm al Binni.

La cometa Encke perde la sua coda a causa di un forte vento solare

La missione spaziale CONTOUR fu lanciata nel 2002 per studiare questo corpo celeste, ma fallì.

La cometa di Encke è ritenuta la fonte di due sciami meteorici, quello delle Tauridi di novembre (divise in due sub radianti, ovvero le Tauridi Nord e le Tauridi Sud, visibili da fine ottobre a metà novembre), e quello delle Beta Tauridi, visibili dalla fine di giugno all'inizio di luglio.

Questo corpo celeste appartiene alla famiglia delle comete gioviane[5] e ha un diametro del nucleo cometario di 4,8 km[6].

Note

  1. ^ I dati di 2P dal sito MPC.
  2. ^ I dati di 2P dal sito JPL.
  3. ^ I dati di 2P dal sito di Kazuo Kinoshita.
  4. ^ (EN) British Archaeological Reports -S728, 1998. Natural Catastrophes During Bronze Age Civilisations [1] Archiviato il 17 novembre 2007 in Internet Archive.
  5. ^ (EN) List of Jupiter-Family and Halley-Family Comets, su physics.ucf.edu. URL consultato il 7 settembre 2008.
  6. ^ (EN) 2P/Encke, su ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. URL consultato il 18 novembre 2017.

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