Naipakasaritaan daytoy a kas pagtagilakuan a siudad, ti Osaka ket ammon a kas ti "kusina ti pagilian" (天下の台所, tenka no daidokoro) ken nagserbi a kas sentro ti panagtagilako ti bagas idi las-ud ti Paset ti panawen ti Edo.[2][3][4][5]
^Aprodicio A. Laquian (2005). Beyond metropolis: the planning and governance of Asia's mega-urban regions. Washington, D.C: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. p. 27. ISBN0-8018-8176-5.
^James L. McClain and Wakita Osamu (1999). Osaka, the merchants' capital of early modern Japan. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. p. 67. ISBN0-8014-3630-3.
^Robert C. Hsu (1999). The MIT encyclopedia of the Japanese economy. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. p. 327. ISBN0-262-08280-2.
Adu pay a mabasbasa
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