Île de Mozambique

Île de Mozambique
Ilha de Moçambique (pt)
La forteresse de Saint-Sébastien en 2007.
La forteresse de Saint-Sébastien en 2007.
Géographie
Pays Drapeau du Mozambique Mozambique
Archipel Aucun
Localisation Canal du Mozambique (océan Indien)
Coordonnées 15° 02′ 11″ S, 40° 44′ 02″ E
Superficie 1,5 km2
Géologie Île continentale
Administration
Province Nampula
Démographie
Population 14 000 hab.
Densité 9 333,33 hab./km2
Plus grande ville Île de Mozambique
Autres informations
Découverte Préhistoire
Fuseau horaire UTC+2
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Mozambique
(Voir situation sur carte : Mozambique)
Île de Mozambique
Île de Mozambique
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Afrique
(Voir situation sur carte : Afrique)
Île de Mozambique
Île de Mozambique
Îles au Mozambique

L'île de Mozambique, en portugais Ilha de Moçambique, est une île du Mozambique située dans le canal du Mozambique.

Cette île a donné son nom à toute la côte continentale lui faisant face, et au pays dont elle fait partie. Son nom provient de celui du sultan Mussa Mbiki (en), qu'on écrit en portugais Moçambique, qui dirigeait l'île lorsqu'elle fut découverte par l'explorateur portugais Vasco de Gama.

Géographie

L'île de Mozambique se trouve au nord du Mozambique, dans le canal du Mozambique. Elle est située à 3,3 km de la côte, à laquelle elle est reliée par un pont routier (en).

La totalité de l'île est occupée par la ville du même nom.

Histoire

La ville fortifiée de l'île de Mozambique est un ancien comptoir fondé à la fin du XVe siècle par les Portugais sur la route des Indes.

Au XVIe siècle, la forteresse de Saint-Sébastien fut construite et la ville est devenue la capitale de l'Afrique orientale portugaise jusqu'en 1898.

La ville présente une grande unité architecturale, avec une forte influence portugaise, due aussi à l'utilisation constante depuis le XVIe siècle des mêmes techniques et matériaux (pierre ou macuti (pt)) et principes décoratifs.

Protection

Île de Mozambique *
Image illustrative de l’article Île de Mozambique
Église Santo António.
Pays Drapeau du Mozambique Mozambique
Type Culturel
Critères (iv) (vi)
Numéro
d’identification
599
Région Afrique **
Année d’inscription 1991 (15e session)
* Descriptif officiel UNESCO
** Classification UNESCO

L'île et la ville sont inscrits sur la liste patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO en 1991.

Personnalités

Notes et références

Liens externes

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